四种鲜切花保鲜剂的筛选

本文研究了四种鲜切花(唐菖蒲、月季、康乃馨和鹤望兰)的保鲜剂配方,观测各种保鲜剂对切花外观品质和瓶插寿命的影响,从中筛选出各种鲜切花的较佳保鲜剂,并讨论了组成保鲜剂配方的各种成分(糖、杀菌剂、有机酸、无机盐、乙烯抑制剂和拮抗剂以及植物生长调节剂)的作用。     

青霉素和比久对月季切花保鲜效应的研究

切花保鲜的关键技术是降低水分的散失和防止营养亏缺。以月季为材料,采用室内瓶插的方法研究 了青霉素和比久对切花保鲜的效应。结果表明:含不同浓度青霉素和比久B9的保鲜剂均能延长月季切花的 瓶插寿命,增加切花鲜重,增大花径,提高花瓣过氧化物酶(POD)的活性,改善切花体内水分状况,维持花瓣膜 结构的相对稳定。青霉素处理对提高月季切花保鲜品质的效果好于B9。     

牡丹切花能荷水平及能量代谢与瓶插品质的关系

为了揭示牡丹切花能量调控规律及其与切花瓶插品质的关系,以发育至二级状态的‘洛阳红’切花为试材,研究高能荷水平(大田自然生长,FNG)和低能荷水平(自然生长采后5～6 ℃贮藏15 d,PCS)状态下切花瓶插品质与能荷以及能量代谢的敏感基因SnRK1表达的关系。结果表明：(1)与FNG(高能荷)相比,PCS(低能荷)明显加快瓶插过程中牡丹切花开放和衰老进程,显著缩短瓶插寿命和减小最大花径,并提早呼吸跃变峰值,提高呼吸速率,加快蔗糖降解,导致花瓣琥珀酸脱氢酶(SDH)和线粒体复合体Ⅳ(CCO)活性下降加快,造成ATP和EC水平快速下降,引起PsSnRK1的表达水平上调时间提前,表达水平提高。(2)PsSnRK1 基因能够对牡丹花瓣能量匮乏快速响应,能荷水平下降可诱导 PsSnRK1基因表达上调。研究发现,冷藏后花瓣能荷水平下降是导致牡丹切花瓶插过程中花朵快速衰老的重要因素之一,花瓣能量状况在调控牡丹切花瓶插品质过程中起着重要作用,并为通过调节牡丹切花能量水平提高切花瓶插品质提供一种新策略。     

鲜切花的衰老与保鲜(综述)

本文概述鲜切花在瓶插过程中水分代谢、物质代谢、植物激素,细胞膜变化与切花衰老之间的关系,以及鲜切花保鲜技术的研究进展。     

表面活性剂对香石竹切花保鲜效果的研究

目的:解决香石竹采后运输和瓶插过程中花朵衰老问题.方法:研究表面活性剂对香石竹切花保鲜效果,测定瓶插期间的花枝鲜重、花朵直径、SOD活性.结果:由蔗糖25mg/L+柠檬酸200mg/L+8-HQ 200mg/L+吐温0.01%组成的保鲜剂配方,比对照能延长切花瓶插寿命11.4d.结论:在保鲜剂配方中可以使用表面活性剂(如吐温)等物质,其浓度控制在0.01%范围内.     

不同保鲜剂对香石竹切花的保鲜效果

3种保鲜剂均能不同程度地增加切花鲜重,增大花径,改善切花体内的水分状况,降低过氧化物酶(POD)活性,延长瓶插寿命,其中以保鲜剂3(40mg·L~(-1)苯甲酸+50mg·L~(-1)AgNO_3+3％蔗糖+200mg·L~(-1)8-HQ)的保鲜效果最好。     

化学药剂预处理对小苍兰蕾期切花的保鲜效果

本文探明了8HQC(8—羟基喹啉柠檬酸盐)、STS(硫代硫酸银)、BA(6—苄基腺嘌呤)等化学药剂和蔗糖预处理对蕾期采收的小苍兰切花的保鲜效果。(1)各种药剂处理均可提高开花率及观赏品质,其中8HQC+STS+BA+蔗糖的组合效果最佳,开花率比对照提高37.6％,花径增大5.6毫米,瓶插寿命延长6.9天。(2)药剂预处理明显提高切花耐藏性,经处理的切花经3～5天冷藏后瓶插,其观赏品质和瓶插寿命仍显著高于未经处理和冷藏的对照组。品种间的耐藏性有差异。作者认为,药剂处理的显著作用之一是改善了切花体内的水份状况。     

6-苄基腺嘌呤和激动素对香石竹切花衰老的生理效应

6-苄基腺嘌呤（6-BA）和激动素（KT）均能改善香石竹切花体内的水分平衡,增加切花的鲜重,增大花径,提高过氧化物酶（POD）活性,延缓可溶性蛋白质含量下降以及丙二醛（MDA）含量和O2^-·于生成速率的增加,延长切花瓶插寿命2～3d。     

无机盐对月季切花保鲜效应的研究

含不同无机盐的保鲜剂均能延长月季切花瓶插寿命,增加切花鲜重,增大花径,提高POD活性,改善切花体内水分状况,维持花瓣膜结构的相对稳定。其中以2％蔗糖 300mg／L 8-HQC 200mg／L Ca(N03)2效果最佳。     

保鲜剂及冷藏对鹤望兰切花瓶插品质的影响

本文探讨不同保鲜剂、预处理液及冷藏时间对鹤望兰切花瓶插寿命和观赏品质的影响。结果表明,供试的8组瓶插保鲜液中,以配方5% S+300 mg/L 8-HQC+100 mg/L CA+150 mg/L STS+100 mg/L CoCl₂+25 mg/L EDTA-Na保鲜效果最佳,切花瓶插寿命(23.5 d)比CK延长15.2 d,小花开放率(56.1%)比CK提高1.19倍。供试的5组冷藏预处理液中,以10% S+300 mg/L 8-HQC+75 mg/L KH₂PO₄·3H₂O效果最佳,切花经过2~3周8~10℃冷藏后,瓶插寿命(13.7 d)比CK延长7.9 d,小花开放率(43.6%)比CK提高98.2%;该处理组鹤望兰切花的适宜冷藏时间可延长为3周。     

Effect of 5-sulfosalicylic acid on antioxidant activity in relation to vase life of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Gladiolus</Emphasis> cut flowers

An experiment was conducted to study the effect of 5-sulfosalicylic acid (5-SSA) on the vase life of cut flowers of Gladiolus grandiflora variety ‘Green Willow’. The vase solution having 5-SSA significantly increased cumulative uptake of vase solution, vase life, number of opened florets and decreased the number of unopened florets compared to the controls. Spikes kept in vase solution containing 5-SSA also exhibited lower respiration rates, lipid peroxidation and lipoxygenase (LOX) activity, and higher membrane stability, soluble protein concentration, and activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase. Results suggest that 5-SSA increases vase life by increasing the reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging activity of the Gladiolus cut flowers.     

The role of abscisic acid (ABA) in ethylene insensitive Gladiolus (Gladiolus grandiflora Hort.) flower senescence

Gladiolus flowers are ethylene insensitive and the signals that start catabolic changes during senescence of gladiolus flower are largely not known. Therefore, experiments were performed to understand the role of abscisic acid (ABA) in ethylene insensitive floral senescence in gladiolus (Gladiolus grandiflora Hort.). It was observed that ABA accumulation increased in attached petals of gladiolus flowers as they senesced. Exogenous application of ABA in vase solution accelerated senescence process in the flowers due to change in various senescence indicators such as enhanced membrane leakage, reduced water uptake, reduced fresh weight and ultimately vase life. Enhancement of in vivo ABA level in petals by creating osmotic stress also upregulates the same parameters of flower senescence as those occurring during natural senescence and also akin to exogenous application of ABA. Attempts to increase vase life of flowers by application of putative ABA biosynthesis inhibitor fluridone in vase solution to counteract ABA effect were unsuccessful. In contrast, ABA action was mitigated by application of GA₃ in holding solution along with ABA which is basically an antagonist of ABA action. The present study provides valuable insights into the role of ABA as a hormonal trigger in ethylene insensitive senescence process and therefore would be helpful for dissecting the complex mechanism underlying ABA-regulated senescence process in gladiolus.     

植酸对月季切花瓶插寿命的影响

用0.13％和0.013％植酸对月季切花进行处理,探讨了植酸对月季切花瓶插寿命及衰老过程中一些生理生化指标的影响.结果表明,013％和0.013％植酸处理的切花,瓶插寿命分别延长了2.3 d和1.4d.植酸处理抑制了O-2含量的增加和POD活性的提高,从而减轻了O-2对植物细胞的伤害即抑制丙二醛含量增加,同时抑制了可溶...     

溴代十六烷基吡啶对香石竹切花的保鲜效应

研究切花瓶插液中加入0．3g．L^-1季铵盐化合物溴代十六烷基吡啶（CPB）后,瓶插液中微生物密度和切花茎杆基部病原菌分离频率下降,切花后期的水分平衡和鲜重能较好地维持,花冠直径增大,观赏寿命延长。     

四种简易切花保鲜剂比较试验

以瓶插寿命、鲜重及水分平衡值变化为指标,探讨由蔗糖、食盐、酒精、阿司匹林、食醋、青霉素等日常用品组成的四种配方的简易保鲜剂,对香石竹、非洲菊和玫瑰鲜切花的保鲜效果。结果表明,四种保鲜剂中,以配方B(1 L水+10 g蔗糖+10 g食盐+10 ml酒精)保鲜效果较为理想,能改善花枝的吸水状况,延长鲜切花水分平衡时间,从而延长鲜切花瓶插寿命。     

Effects of postharvest pretreatments and preservative solutions on vase life longevity and flower quality of sweet pea (Lathyrus odoratus L.)

The effects of postharvest pretreatments on vase life, keeping quality and carbohydrate concentrations in cut sweet pea (Lathyrus odoratus L.) flowers were investigated. Compared to the control, all treatments promoted floret quality and extended longevity. The cut flowers held in the solution containing sucrose + 8-hydroxyquinoline (Suc+HQS) was more effective in promoting absorption rate, achieved greater maximum fresh mass, had better water balance for a longer period, extended the vase life (up to 17 d), and delayed degradation of chlorophylls. The same treatment also enhanced the concentration of soluble carbohydrates in the petals and stems and leaf chlorophyll (Chl) content, whereas it was lowest in silver thiosulphate (STS) treatment. However, concentrations of anthocyanin in the petals were higher for treatment with sucrose or STS plus sucrose than in control or STS alone treatments. Our results suggest that pulse treatment with HQS plus sucrose for 12 h is the most effective for improving pigmentation and use as a commercial cut flower preservative solution to delay flower senescence, enhance quality, and prolong the vase life of sweet pea. The results also showed that soluble carbohydrate concentration in petals and stems is an important factor in determining the vase life of sweet pea flowers.     

采前喷钙对芍药切花生理生化的影响

以芍药切花品种'杨妃出浴'为试验材料,于采前不同时期喷施4%的CaCl2溶液,以不喷钙切花为对照,观察、测定芍药切花瓶插寿命、花径以及瓶插期间生理生化的变化,已探讨采前喷钙及喷钙时期对芍药切花衰老的影响.结果显示,采前喷钙处理有利于芍药切花保持水分平衡,增加切花花径和鲜重,降低切花体内可溶性蛋白质的降解速度,减缓膜透性的增大,延长切花寿命.研究表明,以采前21 d喷钙为最佳处理,可以延长芍药切花瓶插寿命2.3 d.     

烯效唑（S-3307）对非洲菊切花保鲜的影响

以非洲菊(GerberajamesoniiBolus)切花为材料,以保鲜基本液(BP,20gL-1蔗糖 200mgL-1柠檬酸 150mgL-18-羟基喹啉柠檬酸盐)和添加30mgL-1烯效唑(S-3307)的基本液(BP S-3307)作对比实验,通过对切花外部形态观察和切花衰老过程中一些生理生化指标测定,探讨了S-3307对非洲菊切花的保鲜效果。结果表明,S-3307处理使切花的瓶插寿命比对照(蒸馏水)延长了4.3d,比BP处理延长了2.3d,而弯颈率分别仅为对照和BP处理的9.6%和28.8%。说明S-3307可增强切花的吸水能力,增加花枝的鲜重,延缓了切花花瓣中蛋白质的降解和抗氧化酶SOD和CAT活性的下降,并减少了游离脯氨酸和MDA的积累,维持膜结构的相对稳定性,从而延缓了非洲菊切花的衰老和提高了切花瓶插期间的观赏品质。     

杀菌剂和低温贮藏对芍药切花保鲜及其生理变化的影响

利用杀菌剂及低温贮藏对切花芍药‘婴粟子’的抑菌效果、瓶插寿命、开花率及其生理变化进行了研究。结果表明,不同浓度杀菌剂均有一定的抑菌作用,并且处理Ⅲ（1000mg／kg甲基托布津＋1000mg／kg多菌灵）效果最好。预冷处理可以降低切花的呼吸速率,延长瓶插寿命和贮藏保鲜期。随着低温贮藏时间的延长,切花鲜重和开花率下降,花瓣的细胞膜透性和MDA含量增加,蛋白质含量下降,呼吸速率呈跃变型变化。