多胺对月季切花衰老过程中生理生化和瓶插寿命的影响

精胺处理可保持月季切花瓶插前期花瓣还原糖和蛋白质的较高水平、减缓花瓣和叶片细胞膜稼性的增加,减少共 积累以及降低乙烯释放速率,这与精胺处理后月季切花瓶插寿命提高相一致;但亚精胺处理对季切花瓶插寿命和改善观赏品质无明显影响。     

烯效唑（S-3307）对非洲菊切花保鲜的影响

以非洲菊(GerberajamesoniiBolus)切花为材料,以保鲜基本液(BP,20gL-1蔗糖 200mgL-1柠檬酸 150mgL-18-羟基喹啉柠檬酸盐)和添加30mgL-1烯效唑(S-3307)的基本液(BP S-3307)作对比实验,通过对切花外部形态观察和切花衰老过程中一些生理生化指标测定,探讨了S-3307对非洲菊切花的保鲜效果。结果表明,S-3307处理使切花的瓶插寿命比对照(蒸馏水)延长了4.3d,比BP处理延长了2.3d,而弯颈率分别仅为对照和BP处理的9.6%和28.8%。说明S-3307可增强切花的吸水能力,增加花枝的鲜重,延缓了切花花瓣中蛋白质的降解和抗氧化酶SOD和CAT活性的下降,并减少了游离脯氨酸和MDA的积累,维持膜结构的相对稳定性,从而延缓了非洲菊切花的衰老和提高了切花瓶插期间的观赏品质。     

长安麦饭石在月季切花上的保鲜效果

在40g/L蔗糖＋50mg/L SA 100mg/L Vc的保鲜液中,加入37μS/cm的长安麦饭石（CHMS）,能更好的保持月季切花较高的吸水能力,增强切花花朵膜损伤修复能力,增大花朵开放直径,增加盛开前花枝的鲜重,提高切花瓶插期的观赏品质,延长瓶插寿命。本试验也证明了水杨酸（SA）与8－羟基喹啉（8－HQ）对月季切花有相似的保鲜效果。     

外源NO对瓶插期间的月季切花中内源激素含量的影响

以硝普钠（SNP）为一氧化氮供体,研究NO及其清除剂2-苯基-4,4,5,5-四甲基咪唑啉-1-羟-3-氧（PTIO）影响月季瓶插期间的生理指标和内源激素含量的结果表明：0.1mmol.L-1SNP释放的NO抑制月季切花瓶插期间花瓣中内源乙烯释放速率和ABA含量的升高,延缓IAA含量的下降,并保持组织中相对较低的ZR和GA水平。PTIO则可促进花瓣中的乙烯、ABA、ZR和GA含量的升高和IAA含量的下降。     

表油菜素内对月季切花中几种与膜脂过氧化相关生理指标的影响

2%蔗糖 200mg·L-1硼酸 0.5mg·L-1表油菜素内酯(epiBR)可减缓月季切花体内的超氧物歧化酶(SOD)活性和抗坏血酸含量的下降,削弱丙二醛(MDA)含量和细胞膜相对透性的上升幅度,从而延长切花的瓶插寿命。     

ZnCl2对月季切花的保鲜作用(简报)

用不同浓度ZnCl2溶液处理月季切花,以0.01%浓度保鲜效果最好,能延长切花瓶插寿命3d;同时,ZnCl2处理可使月季切花花枝硬挺,提高观赏价值。     

多效唑对月季切花衰老的影响

本文研究了用多效唑处理的月季切花在瓶插期间的形态、生理变化,结果表明,多效唑能明显地缓解月季切花水分胁迫,改善体内水份平衡,促进切花开放,增加花朵鲜重和花径,抑制花瓣溶质外渗,延缓切花呼吸速率的下降和蛋白质降解的速率,从而延缓切花衰老。     

1-MCP对东方百合开放与衰老的影响

以东方系列百合（Lilium spp.）‘西伯利亚’品种为材料,研究了1-甲基环丙烯（1-MCP）对百合切花质膜透性、乙烯释放量、丙二醛含量、可溶性蛋白质含量等生理指标的影响。结果表明：1-MCP可延缓百合切花花瓣质膜相对透性的增加,延长百合切花瓶插寿命;降低百合花瓣乙烯释放量,推迟乙烯峰的出现;降低百合花瓣丙二醛含量,对可溶性蛋白含量的变化无明显影响。本研究结果说明1-MCP对东方百合切花的保鲜有一定效果,确定了1-MCP处理东方百合的最佳使用浓度为0.01μL/L。     

月季切花衰老过程中多胺与膜脂过氧化的关系

以月季切花为材料,研究了月季切花瓶插过程中多胺含量的变化,外源多胺处理对月季药花体内多胺含量的影响以及多胺与膜脂过氧化的关系。结果表明,月季切花瓶插衰老过程中腐胺在前2d略有增加,亚精胺和精胺均呈下降趋势;外源亚精胺和精胺处理均能增加切花体内多胺含量,并能延缓切花衰老和改善切花品质;且亚精胺和精胺处理降低了MDA含量的积累和膜相对透性的上升趋势。     

青霉素和比久对月季切花保鲜效应的研究

切花保鲜的关键技术是降低水分的散失和防止营养亏缺。以月季为材料,采用室内瓶插的方法研究 了青霉素和比久对切花保鲜的效应。结果表明:含不同浓度青霉素和比久B9的保鲜剂均能延长月季切花的 瓶插寿命,增加切花鲜重,增大花径,提高花瓣过氧化物酶(POD)的活性,改善切花体内水分状况,维持花瓣膜 结构的相对稳定。青霉素处理对提高月季切花保鲜品质的效果好于B9。     

不同保鲜剂对大花飞燕草切花生理特性的影响

以大花飞燕草‘夏季天空’切花为材料,以清水为对照,采用14种不同保鲜剂对其进行保鲜处理。结果表明,SOD活性总体变化先上升再下降;CAT活性变化与SOD类似;POD活性,6-体呈上升趋势;MDA含量呈波动上升趋势;Pro含量呈先减少后又波动增加;可溶性蛋白质含量先增后减。同时发现各保鲜剂均能不同程度延长大花飞燕草切花的瓶插寿命,提升酶促系统的综合作用,降低MDATZPro含量,减缓蛋白质降解,延缓切花衰老,提高观赏品质,其中以保鲜剂1％蔗糖＋200mg·L-1 8-HQS＋50mg·L-1 AgNO3＋50mg·L-1 Al2（SO4）3保鲜效果最佳。     

保鲜剂对香石竹切花形态结构的影响

以对水质较为敏感的香石竹(Dianthus caryophyllus L．)为材料,用糖、苯甲酸钠等配制保鲜剂,观察保鲜剂对香石竹形态结构的影响和细胞内淀粉粒的变化。结果表明：用保鲜剂处理过的切花,花朵增大,花色鲜艳,茎、叶、花瓣、子房壁、胚珠等组织细胞壁出现皱缩的时间延迟,细胞内含淀粉粒的时间也较长。苯甲酸钠的保鲜效果优于硝酸银。     

郁金香切花瓶插期的衰老与膜脂过氧化的关系

郁金香鲜切花在瓶插过程中,叶片可溶性蛋白质含量从瓶插开始即开始下降,花瓣在瓶插初期略有上升,第３天以后随花朵的开放迅速下降。叶片、花瓣的可溶性蛋白质含量的下降与细胞膜相对透性的增加呈负相关,与ＭＤＡ含量的增加呈负相关;而细胞膜相对透性的增加与ＭＤＡ含量的增加呈正相关。同时,饱和脂肪酸所占百分比增加,不饱和脂肪酸含量下降。ＩＵＦＡ的下降与ＭＤＡ含量的增加呈负相关。在整个瓶插过程中,花瓣的可溶性蛋白质     

Effects of postharvest pretreatments and preservative solutions on vase life longevity and flower quality of sweet pea (Lathyrus odoratus L.)

The effects of postharvest pretreatments on vase life, keeping quality and carbohydrate concentrations in cut sweet pea (Lathyrus odoratus L.) flowers were investigated. Compared to the control, all treatments promoted floret quality and extended longevity. The cut flowers held in the solution containing sucrose + 8-hydroxyquinoline (Suc+HQS) was more effective in promoting absorption rate, achieved greater maximum fresh mass, had better water balance for a longer period, extended the vase life (up to 17 d), and delayed degradation of chlorophylls. The same treatment also enhanced the concentration of soluble carbohydrates in the petals and stems and leaf chlorophyll (Chl) content, whereas it was lowest in silver thiosulphate (STS) treatment. However, concentrations of anthocyanin in the petals were higher for treatment with sucrose or STS plus sucrose than in control or STS alone treatments. Our results suggest that pulse treatment with HQS plus sucrose for 12 h is the most effective for improving pigmentation and use as a commercial cut flower preservative solution to delay flower senescence, enhance quality, and prolong the vase life of sweet pea. The results also showed that soluble carbohydrate concentration in petals and stems is an important factor in determining the vase life of sweet pea flowers.     

表油菜素内酯对绿豆幼叶衰老的促进作用

表油菜素内酯（ｅｐｉＢＲ）０．０５ｍｇ／Ｌ能促进绿豆幼叶的衰老,其叶绿素和蛋白质含量均明显低于对照。绿豆幼叶经ｅｐｉＢＲ处理后,可使过氧化物酶活性明显增加,但同工酶谱无变化;超氧化物歧化酶（ＳＯＤ）和过氧化氢酶（ＣＡＴ）活性随ｅｐｉＢＲ处理时间的延长而降低。ｅｐｉＢＲ能促进丙二醛（ＭＤＡ）含量增加,而其含量与ＳＯＤ和ＣＡＴ活性是显著负相关。     

外源ABA、NO和H2O2对葱莲花瓣及叶片表皮气孔开闭的影响

以葱莲(Zephyranthes candida)为材料,研究不同浓度外源脱落酸、硝普钠(sodium nitroprusside,SNP)及过氧化氢对花瓣和叶片表皮气孔开闭的影响,以期为三者在切花保鲜中的应用提供新的依据。实验结果表明,10~1000 μmol/L脱落酸和硝普钠均能不同程度地引起花瓣和叶片表皮气孔关闭,且花瓣气孔较叶片气孔有更高的敏感性。过氧化氢对叶片表皮气孔开闭的影响大于对花瓣气孔的影响,花瓣表皮的气孔孔径仅在1000 μmol/L处理时变化显著。这说明在外源信号物质延缓切花衰老的过程中,花瓣表皮气孔的运动也可能起到了一定的作用。适当外源信号物质处理能诱导花瓣表皮气孔关闭,从而使花瓣的蒸腾作用减小,维持植物体内水势,延缓切花衰老。     

Susceptibility of CAM Dendrobium leaves and flowers to high light and high temperature under natural tropical conditions

Responses of CAM Dendrobium Sonia leaves and flowers to high light and high temperature were studied in shade-grown plants after exposure to intermediate and full sunlight under natural conditions. Photosynthetic O₂ evolution decreased in leaves after exposure to full sunlight for 2 weeks while leaves exposed to intermediate sunlight showed an increase in photosynthesis as compared to those leaves maintained in the shade. On the first day of treatment, the changes of F_v/F_m in both leaves and petals grown in the shade were negligible during the day. However, there was a steep decrease in F_v/F_m in both leaves and petals with an increase in incident light during midday after exposure to full sunlight. When exposed to intermediate sunlight, there were no significant changes in F_v/F_m in leaves. The F_v/F_m values of petals, however, decreased during midday. Temperature of thin petals was higher than that of thick leaves during midday under full and intermediate sunlight while that of petals and leaves were similar when grown in the shade. Over the 2-week treatment period, lowered chlorophyll and sustained decreases in F_v/F_m were observed in both leaves and flowers (sepals and petals) when exposed to full sunlight, indicative of ‘chronic photoinhibition'. Photoinhibition was prevented in leaves but occurred in flowers when exposed to intermediate sunlight. It was assumed that photodamage to both leaves and flowers were partially due to the higher temperature. The higher susceptibility of flowers to high light as compared to that of leaves was due to its higher temperature during midday. This was further supported by the findings that more severe damage occurred in flowers at higher temperature of 38°C than 28°C under a higher PFD of 1500 μmol m⁻² s⁻¹.     

Involvement of ethylene in the disease caused by Botrytis cinerea on rose and carnation flowers and the possibility of control*

Ethylene production by flowers, petals and leaves of rose was correlated with severity of grey mould. However, when the host became completely macerated, ethylene production diminished. Ethylene production by Botrytis cinerea grown on autoclaved flowers which were supplemented with methionine was negligible. Methionine spray, incubation with ethylene, or precooling of flowers at 4°C increased disease incidence considerably. Ethylene also induced susceptibility of carnation flowers to attack by B. cinerea. On the other hand, sprays of silver thiosulphate (STS) aminooxyacetic acid (AOA) and aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG) decreased disease severity in rose petals and leaves inoculated with mycelial plugs or conidia. Treatment of cut rose flowers with STS (by dipping) or AOA (by spraying) significantly decreased disease incidence during subsequent incubation at 20 and 10°C. This suggests a treatment for reducing grey mould damage in flowers transported overseas.