GL—7ACA酰化酶（C130）β亚基N端氨基酸残基的突变及功能

戊二酰 7 氨基头孢烷酸酰化酶 (即GL 7ACA酰化酶 ,EC .3.5 .1.11)的催化中心通常在 β亚基N端的第一个氨基酸 ,底物亲和标记的研究亦显示N端存在着结合靶点 ,因而该区域的结构可能与酶的功能密切相关。对C130 β亚基N端的 2～ 8位氨基酸残基分别进行了肽段置换和定点突变研究。将N端前 8位肽段置换为来源于Arthrobacterviscosus的青霉素G酰化酶 (PAC)的对应序列后 ,C130酰化酶活力丧失 ;而置换为来源于E .coli的青霉素G酰化酶 (PGA)的对应序列后 ,酰化酶活力仍然保留 ,但Km 值从 0 .44× 10 -3 mol·L-1增大为 0 .5 5× 10 -3mol·L-1,kcat值由 4.92s-1降低为 1.6 4s-1。另对C130 β亚基N端 2～ 4位氨基酸残基作了单点突变 :第 4位的Trp为可能的底物类似物结合位点 ,被变为Tyr后 ,它对底物GL 7ACA的结合能力略为减弱 ,kcat则降低为 2 .2 9s-1;而变为Leu后 ,Km 为 0 .34× 10 -3 mol·L-1,kcat为 3.15s-1;第 3位的Ser变为Met、Ala及Cys后 ,随着Km值逐渐降低 ,kcat也有所降低 ,而S3 M、S3 A突变体的kcat/Km 值比野生型的分别增加了 2 2 .3%和 39.3% ;将活性中心Ser(β1)邻位的Asn(β2 )变为Gln后 ,C130酶活大幅度下降 ,kcat减为 0 .47s-1。上述结果表明 ,C130 β亚基N端的前几个氨基酸残基均可对酶的功能     

一种插入116个氨基酸的亮氨酰—tRNA合成酶具有高酶活力

大肠杆菌亮氨酰 tRNA合成酶 (LeuRS)是第 1类氨基酰 tRNA合成酶 ,由 860个氨基酸残基组成 ,催化亮氨酸tRNA的亮氨酰化。研究发现 ,在它的CP1结构域内 3 68和 3 69间的肽键间插入 2 5 3～ 3 68的肽段 ,该插入变种的酶仍具有酶活力 ,取名为LeuRS C。由于这一插入变种的不稳定性 ,构建了His6 LeuRS C的表达质粒 ,用Ni NTA柱亲和层析的方法进行纯化。发现His6 LeuRS C虽然插入了 116个氨基酸残基 ,但仍具有全部的天然LeuRS的活力。测定了His6 LeuRS C的酶学动力学常数 ,比较了它与天然LeuRS的从CD光谱得到的二级结构和热稳定性     

琼胶酶AgaD在大肠杆菌中的高效表达

摘要:【目的】构建琼胶酶AgaD的高效表达体系,优化发酵条件提高重组酶的表达量。【方法】首先根据大肠杆菌(E.coli)密码子偏好性,优化并合成AgaD的基因,使其适合E.coli表达系统;考察了不同的E.coli表达宿主;根据N端法则构建了突变体;评价了培养基中添加CaCl2和甘氨酸(Gly)对重组酶表达的影响。【结果】成功构建了琼胶酶AgaD 的高效表达体系,确定了E.coli AD494(DE3)为最适表达宿主;利用N端法则提高了重组酶的稳定性,缩短了发酵时间;通过在培养基中添加CaCl2和甘氨酸(Gly)进一步提高了胞外酶产量。最终,发酵上清中重组酶的活力由20 U/L提高至11300 U/L,比优化前提高了500余倍。【结论】构建了琼胶酶AgaD的高效表达体系,为GH96家族琼胶酶的深入研究奠定了基础。     

人源抗菌肽LL-37在毕赤酵母中的高效表达及其活性检测

根据GenBank CAA86115中的LL-37氨基酸序列, 选择毕赤酵母偏好密码子, 采用SOE方法合成了人源抗菌肽LL-37基因。所合成的LL-37基因全长为141 bp, 并在其N端引入kex2裂解位点, 以保证表达抗菌肽具有天然N端。基因克隆入pPICZa-A质粒, 构建分泌型重组酵母表达载体pPICZa-A-LL-37。pPICZa-A-LL-37经SacⅠ酶切线性化后电转化导入毕赤酵母菌株X-33。PCR鉴定为阳性的酵母转化子经甲醇诱导分泌LL-37于发酵上清液, 其表达量为206 mg/L。表达产物LL-37耐热性强, 在100℃条件下40 min内抗菌活性不变, 煮沸3 h以上仍具有活性。琼脂糖孔穴扩散法检测显示LL-37对多种革兰氏阴性菌和阳性菌均具有很好的抑制活性, 其对金黄色葡萄球菌 CowanⅠ(Staphylococcus aureus)、致病性大肠杆菌K99(Enteropathogenic E.coli)和鸡白痢沙门氏菌(Salmonella pullorum)的最小抑菌浓度(Minimal Inhibitory Concentration, MIC)分别为1.56 mg/mL、3.12 mg/mL和1.56 mg/mL。     

真菌细胞色素P450在大肠杆菌中的表达

【背景】真菌细胞色素P450蛋白在大肠杆菌中表达水平低甚至不表达,近期研究发现通过对该类蛋白氨基端(N端)氨基酸序列的修饰可优化其表达水平。【目的】在大肠杆菌系统中表达预测功能为P450酶的焦曲霉094102菌株的Au8002蛋白,为真菌P450蛋白在大肠杆菌表达系统中的N端氨基酸序列修饰策略提供有效依据。【方法】对野生型P450蛋白Au8002的氨基酸序列进行分析,对其N端序列进行了3种序列修饰,并在诱导蛋白表达时添加P450生物合成前体5-氨基乙酰丙酸(5-ALA),研究N端氨基酸序列修饰策略及前体添加对真菌P450在大肠杆菌中蛋白表达的影响。【结果】SDS-PAGE和Westernblot检测结果显示,对目的蛋白进行的3种氨基酸序列修饰均使Au8002蛋白获得了表达,前体5-ALA的添加提高了目的蛋白表达量。其中对目的蛋白进行N端全长截短时可部分增加其可溶性,同时也验证了其特征性的CO结合能力。【结论】对预测为P450酶的菌株094102蛋白Au8002氨基端(N端)氨基酸序列的修饰有效解决了其在大肠杆菌内不表达的难题,实现了其可溶性表达;另一方面P450生物合成前体5-ALA的添加也能有效提高该类蛋白的表达水平,上述策略对改善其它该类蛋白在大肠杆菌内的表达水平具有借鉴意义。     

地衣芽胞杆菌来源角蛋白酶N端对活力及其热稳定性的影响

【目的】通过对一株地衣芽孢杆菌来源的角蛋白酶N端进行分子改造,研究其对角蛋白酶活力和热稳定性的影响,进而提高角蛋白酶的热稳定性。【方法】将角蛋白酶N端前5个氨基酸进行分段缺失,并通过序列比对将N端的前5个氨基酸替换为来源于Thermoactinomyces vulgaris的嗜热蛋白酶的N端,将野生型和突变体角蛋白酶基因在枯草芽孢杆菌WB600中进行表达,并对重组酶进行纯化与酶学性质研究。【结果】角蛋白酶N端不同长度的缺失大幅度地降低了角蛋白酶的活力,其中缺失前5个氨基酸完全丧失了酶活力。将角蛋白酶N端前5个氨基酸替换为嗜热蛋白酶N端前12个氨基酸,虽然降低了近70%的活力,但是却增加了角蛋白酶的热稳定性,60°C条件下的半衰期t1/2由原来的9 min提高到20 min。【结论】角蛋白酶的N端对其酶活力具有较大的影响,与嗜热蛋白酶来源的N端进行替换可以有效提高角蛋白酶的热稳定性。     

人源抗菌肽LL-37在毕赤酵母中的高效表达及其活性检测

根据GenBank CAA86115中的LL-37氨基酸序列,选择毕赤酵母偏好密码子,采用SOE 方法合成了人源抗菌肽LL-37基因.所合成的LL-37基因全长为141 bp,并在其N端引入kex2裂解位点,以保证表达抗茵肽具有天然N端.基因克隆入pPICZα-A质粒,构建分泌型重组酵母表达载体pPICZα-A-LL-37.pPICZα-A-LL-37经Sac Ⅰ酶切线性化后电转化导入毕赤酵母菌株X-33.PCR鉴定为阳性的酵母转化子经甲醇诱导分泌LL-37于发酵上清液,其表达量为206mg/L.表达产物LL-37耐热性强,在100℃条件下40 min内抗茵活性不变,煮沸3 h以上仍具有活性.琼脂糖孔穴扩散法检测显示LL-37对多种革兰氏阴性茵和阳性菌均具有很好的抑制活性,其对金黄色葡萄球菌Cowan I (Staphylococcus aureus)、致病性大肠杆菌K99(Enteropathogenic E.coli)和鸡白痢沙门氏菌(Salmonella pullorum)的最小抑菌浓度(Minimal Inhibitory Concentration,MIC)分别为1.56 μg/mL、3.12 μg/mL和1.56 μg/mL.     

肉毒毒素蛋白受体syt II N端片段基因的合成及其在大肠杆菌中的融合表达

本研究旨在构建肉毒毒素蛋白受体sytII N端片段的原核表达载体,并在大肠杆菌pMAL-c2x系统中表达MBP-Syt融合蛋白。根据GenBank中已报道的人syt II基因序列,截取N端氨基酸序列,依据大肠杆菌的偏爱密码子,设计引物人工合成全基因,将全长基因克隆至原核表达载体pMAL-c2x中,重组质粒转化大肠杆菌E.coli ER2566,IPTG诱导表达。表达产物经Amylose Resin亲和层析进行纯化,SDS-PAGE和免疫印记对其进行鉴定,并对该蛋白进行活性的初步分析,为进一步研究毒素与受体相互作用的机制奠定基础。     

高效絮凝素毕赤酵母表面展示系统的构建

为了获得高效的脂肪酶毕赤酵母表面展示系统,利用来自酿酒酵母絮凝素蛋白Flo1的N端874个氨基酸残基(FS)和C端的1101个氨基酸残基(FL)作为锚定蛋白分别构建了2套载体系统.带有前肽的米黑根毛霉脂肪酶(ProRML)克隆到构建的2套展示载体中,使米黑根毛霉脂肪酶(RML)分别以N端锚定或C端锚定的方式实现在毕赤酵母细胞表面的展示.利用RMLC端的Flag标签,通过流式细胞术和激光扫描共聚焦显微镜检测2套系统中RML在酵母表面的展示情况.研究发现,N端锚定于酵母表面的展示酶FSR以pNPC为底物时,水解活力达到了105.3U/g,大约为C端锚定的展示酶FLR活力的2倍.同时FSR比FLR具有更宽的温度、pH作用范围和更好的热稳定性.与游离酶和固定化酶相比,展示酶FSR也表现出更为优良的热稳定性.结果提示,基于Flo1N端锚定的展示系统更适合展示活性中心近C端的脂肪酶,推动了展示酶的进一步研究和开发.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.