白细胞介素－8受体家族

白细胞介素－８受体家族黄仕和（卫生部武汉生物制品研究所,武昌４３００６０）关键词ＩＬ－８Ｒ近几年来白细胞介素及其受体的研究发展迅速,现在命名的有１５种白细胞介素（ＩＬ－１～ＩＬ－１５）,其受体克隆的有前１０种白细胞介素（ＩＬ－ｌＲ～ＩＬ－１０Ｒ）。本...     

双歧杆菌总DNA对小鼠IL—2,NK活性影响的研究

目的 从双歧杆菌、大肠杆菌提取ＤＮＡ,用ＤＮＡ免疫小鼠,观察免疫功能的变化,探讨双歧杆菌ＤＮＡ对小鼠免疫功能的影响,并作对比研究。方法 肌肉注射提取的双歧杆菌ＤＮＡ、大肠杆菌ＤＮＡ,颈椎处死后,检测脾细胞的免疫功能,同时提取ＩＥＬ细胞与ＤＮＡ共孵育,检测它对ＩＥＬ细胞的激活情况及细胞因子产生情况,以自然杀伤细胞（ＮＫ）活性,白细胞介素２（ＩＬ－２）产生能力为指标,测定小鼠上述各项指标变化。结果 双歧杆菌ＤＮＡ、大肠杆菌ＤＮＡ肌肉注射后,小鼠以上两项指标与相应对照组相比较均明显提高（Ｐ〈０．０５）。双歧杆菌ＤＮＡ提高小鼠ＮＫ活性与ＩＬ－２水平程度大于大肠杆菌ＤＮＡ的作用（Ｐ〈０．０１）。结论 双歧杆菌ＤＮＡ可快速激活ＮＫ活性,提高体内ＩＬ－２水平。其效能优于大肠杆菌ＤＮＡ。     

白细胞介素受体的一种共享分子──IL－2Rγ

白细胞介素受体的一种共享分子──ＩＬ－２Ｒγ黄仕和,秦椿华（卫生部武汉生物制品研究所,武昌４３００６０）（同济医科大学工业毒理研究室,汉口４３００３０）关键词ＩＬ－２Ｒγ迄今为止,已有１０种白细胞介素受体（ＩＬ－ＩＲ～ＩＬ－１０Ｒ）被克隆出来。这些受...     

吗啡对福尔马林引起大鼠海马内IL-2RβmRNA表达的影响

本实验采用原位杂交法观察足底注射福尔马林（Ｆｏｒ）痛敏对海马内白细胞介素２受体βｍＲＮＡ（ＩＬ－２ＲβｍＲＮＡ）生成的影响及其与吗啡、促肾上腺皮质激素（ＡＣＴＨ）的关系。结果表明：正常大鼠海马有ＩＬ－２ＲβｍＲＮＡ表达,集中分布于ＣＡ１－ＣＡ４区神经元、齿状回颗粒细胞。足底注射Ｆｏｒ后６ｈ双侧海马ＩＬ－２ＲβｍＲＮＡ表达均增加（Ｐ〈０．０５）,１２ｈ达高峰,２４ｈ仍高于正常。在６ｈ时,腹腔注射吗啡     

白细胞介素1家族新成员──IL－1Ra

白细胞介素１家族新成员──ＩＬ－１Ｒａ黄仕和秦椿华（卫生部武汉生物制品研究所,武汉４３００６０）（同济医科大学工业毒理研究室,武汉４３００３０）关键词ＩＬ－１Ｒａ以前认为,ＩＬ－１分为ＩＬ－１α和ＩＬ－１β两型,但Ａｒｅｎｄ等（１９８５）又发现了ＩＬ...     

白细胞介素-2的结构与功能

白细胞介素－２的结构与功能刘新垣,徐获,蒋春雷,王志勇,郑仲承（中国科学院上海生物化学研究所）白细胞介素－２（ＩＬ－２）由激活的Ｔ细胞产生,是作用于淋巴细胞和免疫效应细胞的重要免疫因子,能提高免疫系统中多种免疫细胞的功能,如提高它们杀伤癌细胞、病毒或细菌感染细胞的能力。ＩＬ－２分泌水平的高低与多种疾病有密切关系。随着人基因工程ＩＬ－２（ｒＩＬ－２）的问世,ＩＬ－２的生物学与应用研究得到了更快的发展。     

低氧预处理对大鼠海巴神经元缺氧耐受性和IL—1β表达 …

目的：观察低氧预处理对大鼠海巴神经元缺氧耐受性和白细胞介素－１β（ＩＬ－１β）表达的影响。方法：取培养１２ｄ的两组（对照组和低氧预处理组）培养神经元,同时置于缺氧环境（０．９Ｌ／ＬＮ２,０．１Ｌ／ＬＣＯ２）中培养２、４、８和１２ｈ。分别观察它们的形态变化和神经元存活数,并用抗ｒｈＩＬ－１β单克隆抗体进行免疫组织化学染色,观察缺氧对大鼠海马培养神经元ＩＬ－１β表达的影响。结果：经低氧预处理的海马神经     

IL—18信号转导途径研究进展

白细胞介素１８（ＩＬ－１８）是新近发现的细胞因子,其独特的少ＴＡＴＡ型启动子、特殊的ｍＲＮＡ结构及其前体蛋白需ＩＬ－１β转化酶（ＩＣＥ）加工成熟的特点,便得ＩＬ－１８基因可广泛表达于多种类型的细胞,ＩＬ－１８ＩＬ－１８受体结合组成受体复合物,受体复合物信号通过ＩＲＡＫ－ＴＲＡＦ６途径激活ＮＦ－кＢ,及通过酪氨酸蛋白激酶（ＰＴＫ）的ＬＣＫ－ＭＡＰＫ信号途径诱导ＴＨ１细胞产生ＩＦＮ－γ、ＩＬ－２等细胞     

IL—1β,IL—lra对戊四氮致痫大鼠行为及皮层,海马脑电的 …

目的：了解白细胞介素１β（ＩＬ－１β）在癫痫发作中的作用。方法：采用记录脑图（ＥＥＧ）同时观察行为的方法,观察ＩＬ－１β和ＩＬ－１受体拮抗剂（ＩＬ－１ｒａ）测脑室注射对戊四氮（ＰＴＺ）致痫大鼠和皮层、海马ＥＥＧ的影响。结果：ＩＬ－１β能明显缩短ＰＴＺ致大鼠急性惊厥发作及痫波发放的潜伏期,增加痫波的发放频率。ＩＬ－１ｒａ能减少急性惊厥痫波放频率,对急性惊厥发主痫波发放的潜伏期和惊厥发作强度无明显影响     

转基因人肺腺癌细胞株的建立

以逆转录病毒ｐＬＸＳＬ为载体与人细胞介素２基因（ＩＬ－２）重组,用电穿孔技术将其重组子ｐＬＩＬ—２ＳＮ导入ＰＡ３１７细胞中,建立了逆转染病毒包装体系细胞ＰＡ３１７／ｐＬＩＬ—２ＳＮ。应用逆转录病毒包装体系细胞上清液去转染入肺腺癌细胞ＳＰＣ—Ａ１,经过２０天含Ｇ４１８培液的筛选式培养,历经了５０代的传代培养,获得了转白细胞介素２基因的人肺腺癌细胞株ＳＰＣ－Ａ１／ＩＬ－２。该细胞（ＳＰＣ－Ａ１／ＩＬ－２）经ＰＣＲ技术验证外源性目的基因（ＩＬ－２ｇｅｎｅ）导入细胞内,且证明该细胞能表达ＩＬ—２基因（有ＩＬ－２的分泌）。我们研究的目的是对肿瘤细胞的特异性抗原修饰、对肿瘤细胞进行处理。试图建立肿瘤疫苗。     

Molecular Characterization and SNP Development for the Porcine Il6 and Il10 Genes

Different cytokines are secreted in response to specific microbial molecules referred to as pathogen associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). Interleukin 6 (IL6) and interleukin 10 (IL10), both secreted by macrophages and lymphocytes, play a central role in the immunological response. In this work we obtained the genomic structure and complete DNA sequence of the porcine IL6 and IL10 genes and identified polymorphisms in the genomic sequences of these genes on a panel of ten different pig breeds. Comparative intra- and interbreed sequence analysis revealed a total of eight polymorphisms in the porcine IL6 gene and 21 in the porcine IL10 gene, which include single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and insertion deletion polymorphisms (indels). Additionally, the chromosomal localization of the IL10 gene was determined by FISH and RH mapping.     

IL‐6 Trans‐Signaling Plays Important Protective Roles in Acute Liver Injury Induced by Acetaminophen in Mice

Our study was undertaken to evaluate the important role of interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) trans‐signaling in acetaminophen (AAP)‐induced liver injury. A soluble gp130 protein (sgp130Fc) exclusively inhibits IL‐6 trans‐signaling, whereas an IL‐6/soluble IL‐6 receptor (sIL‐6R) fusion protein (hyper‐IL‐6) mimics IL‐6 trans‐signaling. Using these tools, we investigated the role of IL‐6 trans‐signaling in AAP‐induced liver injury. Blockade of IL‐6 trans‐signaling during AAP‐induced liver injury remarkably increased the levels of serum aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase; lowered the level of serum sIL‐6R; aggravated liver injury; inhibited the expression of phosphorylation of STAT3 (pSTAT3), proliferating cell nuclear antigen, vascular endothelial growth factor, and glycogen synthesis; and induced the expression of Caspase3, cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1), and hepatocyte apoptosis in the liver of mice. In summary, our study suggested that IL‐6 trans‐signaling plays important protective roles by regulating the hepatocyte proliferation and apoptosis, angiogenesis, CYP2E1 expression, and glycogen metabolism during AAP‐induced liver injury in mice.     

IL4 (interleukin 4) induces autophagy in B cells leading to exacerbated asthma

Allergic asthma is a common airway inflammatory disease in which B cells play important roles through IgE production and antigen presentation. SNP (single nucleotide polymorphism) analysis showed that Atg (autophagy-related) allele mutations are involved in asthma. It has been demonstrated that macroautophagy/autophagy is essential for B cell survival, plasma cell differentiation and immunological memory maintenance. However, whether B cell autophagy participates in asthma pathogenesis remains to be investigated. In this report, we found that autophagy was enhanced in pulmonary B cells from asthma-prone mice. Autophagy deficiency in B cells led to attenuated immunopathological symptoms in asthma-prone mice. Further investigation showed that IL4 (interleukin 4), a key effector Th2 cytokine in allergic asthma, was critical for autophagy induction in B cells both in vivo and in vitro, which further sustained B cell survival and enhanced antigen presentation by B cells. Moreover, IL4-induced autophagy depended on JAK signaling via an MTOR-independent, PtdIns3K-dependent pathway. Together, our data indicate that B cell autophagy aggravates experimental asthma through multiple mechanisms.     

牦牛白细胞介素2(IL2)基因cDNA 的分子克隆和表达研究

目的克隆牦牛免疫基因并研究其免疫特性。方法以伴刀豆球蛋白A（ConA）激活的体外培养的牦牛血液淋巴细胞,提取激活淋巴细胞的总RNA,用RT—PCR方法,从中克隆出白细胞介素2cDNA,连接到T载体上测序,并亚克隆到pC,EX4T-1表达质粒,在大肠杆菌进行了重组表达,纯化融合表达YIL2产物,MTT比色法测定其体外刺激牦牛血液淋巴母细胞增殖的免疫活性。结果YIL2cDNA序列分析显示：在其编码区442位点的一个碱基发生突变（由C突变为T）,从而导致终止密码子（TAA）出现,使YIL2蛋白表达提前终止,与其它牛IL2蛋白相比少了8个氨基酸。MTT比色法测定结果表明重组牦牛IL2蛋白体外能显著促进牦牛淋巴母细胞的增殖。结论本实验成功克隆了牦牛IL2基因,其原核表达产物具有显著的免疫活性,这为研制新型免疫增强剂来提高牦牛对各种疾病的抵抗力,增强牦牛疫苗的免疫保护率奠定了基础。     

猪白细胞介素4、6融合基因对小鼠免疫的影响

目的：研究猪白细胞介素IL4、IL6融合基因（PIL46）对小鼠免疫应答的反应。方法：以壳聚糖纳米颗粒包裹融合基因（PIL46）的真核表达质粒（VPIL46）接种昆明小鼠,免疫后28日以口服攻毒实验小鼠,观察其体液和细胞免疫水平指标的变化和病变情况。实验结果发现：CNP包裹VPIL46接种小鼠体液免疫和细胞免疫指标不同程度地增多,均显著高于对照组（P〈0．05）;与CNP包裹VPIL4＋6免疫效果相近。免疫后28日以口服攻毒实验小鼠,检测结果发现：CNP包裹VPIL46组和CNP包裹VPIL4＋6组小鼠的上述免疫指标除中性粒细胞外均显著多于对照小鼠,免疫小鼠无症状和病变,健康存活;而对照小鼠均发病,消化道组织器官呈现明显出血病变。结论：PIL46基在具有显著增强小鼠体液和细胞免疫机能、提高对大肠杆菌感染抵抗力的免疫调节效应,可作为有效的抗感染免疫调节剂。     

IL13 activates autophagy to regulate secretion in airway epithelial cells

Cytokine modulation of autophagy is increasingly recognized in disease pathogenesis, and current concepts suggest that type 1 cytokines activate autophagy, whereas type 2 cytokines are inhibitory. However, this paradigm derives primarily from studies of immune cells and is poorly characterized in tissue cells, including sentinel epithelial cells that regulate the immune response. In particular, the type 2 cytokine IL13 (interleukin 13) drives the formation of airway goblet cells that secrete excess mucus as a characteristic feature of airway disease, but whether this process is influenced by autophagy was undefined. Here we use a mouse model of airway disease in which IL33 (interleukin 33) stimulation leads to IL13-dependent formation of airway goblet cells as tracked by levels of mucin MUC5AC (mucin 5AC, oligomeric mucus/gel forming), and we show that these cells manifest a block in mucus secretion in autophagy gene Atg16l1-deficient mice compared to wild-type control mice. Similarly, primary-culture human tracheal epithelial cells treated with IL13 to stimulate mucus formation also exhibit a block in MUC5AC secretion in cells depleted of autophagy gene ATG5 (autophagy-related 5) or ATG14 (autophagy-related 14) compared to nondepleted control cells. Our findings indicate that autophagy is essential for airway mucus secretion in a type 2, IL13-dependent immune disease process and thereby provide a novel therapeutic strategy for attenuating airway obstruction in hypersecretory inflammatory diseases such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and cystic fibrosis lung disease. Taken together, these observations suggest that the regulation of autophagy by Th2 cytokines is cell-context dependent.     

Regulation of interleukin‐1β by interferon‐γ is species specific,limited by suppressor of cytokine signalling 1 and influences interleukin‐17 production

Reports describing the effect of interferon‐γ (IFNγ) on interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β) production are conflicting. We resolve this controversy by showing that IFNγ potentiates IL‐1β release from human cells, but transiently inhibits the production of IL‐1β from mouse cells. Release from this inhibition is dependent on suppressor of cytokine signalling 1. IL‐1β and Th17 cells are pathogenic in mouse models for autoimmune disease, which use Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB), in which IFNγ and IFNβ are anti‐inflammatory. We observed that these cytokines suppress IL‐1β production in response to MTB, resulting in a reduced number of IL‐17‐producing cells. In human cells, IFNγ increased IL‐1β production, and this might explain why IFNγ is detrimental for multiple sclerosis. In mice, IFNγ decreased IL‐1β and subsequently IL‐17, indicating that the adaptive immune response can provide a systemic, but transient, signal to limit inflammation.     

The Effects of Interleukin‐6 Signal Blockade on Fertility,Embryo‐fetal Development,and Immunization In vivo

Possible effects of interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) on reproductive performance, embryonal development, parturition, and postnatal development have been suggested based on protein/mRNAexpression level of IL‐6 in related organs, but less is known about functions of IL‐6 signals in these areas. Following two different approaches have been employed to investigate the role of IL‐6 signals in fertility and pre‐/postnatal development: administration of a rat anti‐mouse IL‐6 receptor antibody, MR16‐1, to mice as a neutralizing antibody system, and B6.129S2‐Il6^tm1Kopf/J (IL‐6 knockout [KO]) mice as a KO system. By intravenously dosing 50 mg/kg of MR16‐1 every 3 days, animals in male and female fertility studies and dams in a pre‐/postnatal development study exhibited plasma MR16‐1 concentrations much higher than the effective plasma concentration, indicating that MR16‐1 exposure was sufficient to completely block IL‐6 signals. The concentration of MR16‐1 in the plasma of fetuses exceeded that in the plasma of pregnant animals, and MR16‐1 concentration in milk was about one‐fourth of that in plasma. Both the transient IL‐6 signal blockade by MR16‐1, and the constitutive IL‐6 signal inhibition using IL‐6 KO mice in a combined fertility and pre‐/postnatal development study, revealed no biologically important effects on fertility, early embryonic development to implantation, or pre‐/postnatal development, including IgG/IgM production by keyhole limpet hemocyanin sensitization. These results indicate that IL‐6 signals have no unique, noncompensable roles in reproduction and development in the whole body system, although contributions of IL‐6 in the signaling network appear to exist, as suggested by previously published investigations.     

Induction of interleukin 2 responsiveness in thymocytes by synergistic action of interleukin 1 and interleukin 2

Thymocyte cultures from C3H/HeJ mice were stimulated for proliferative responses with purified preparations of interleukin 1 (IL 1) and interleukin 2 (IL 2). Synergistic responses were obtained in the absence of mitogen. In the presence of excess IL 2, the thymocyte proliferation response was strictly dependent on the amount of IL 1 in the cultures. Antibodies to IL 1 inhibited the response in a dose-dependent manner. The combination of IL 1 plus IL 2 induced the appearance of IL 2 receptors on murine thymocytes as detected with a monoclonal antibody directed against the IL 2 receptor. Neither IL 1 nor IL 2 alone had this effect. The thymic subpopulation found to become IL 2 responsive upon IL 1 stimulus was the peanut agglutinin-negative (PNA-) medullary fraction.