无标签人源性脂联素球状结构的表达、纯化与活性检测

目的:利用基工程方法构建无标签人性脂联素球状结构(gAd)基的核表达载体,并对重组蛋白进行诱导表达、纯化及鉴定.方法:从正常人脂肪组织里提取总 RNA,反转录合成 cDNA,经 PCR 扩增、酶切后连入pET-22b(+)载体构建重组质粒 pET-22b(+)-gAd,转化大肠杆菌 BL21(DE3)感受态细胞,经低温、低浓度 IPTG 诱导使其可溶性表达,采用硫酸铵沉淀、凝胶过滤层析和离子交换层析三步分离纯化,得到不带任何标签的人性gAd;运用 SDS-PAGE、Western 印迹、HPLC 对重组蛋白进行鉴定,通过对 AMP 激活的蛋白激酶(AMPK)的磷酸化水平检测纯化蛋白的生物学活性.结果:构建了核表达载体 pET-22b(+)-gAd,实现了人性 gAd 在核细胞中的可溶性表达,纯化的蛋白经 SDS-PAGE 和 Western 印迹分析证实为 gAd,HPLC 分析蛋白纯度达到95%以上;通过对 AMPK磷酸化水平的检测,证明纯化的 gAd 具有高生物学活性.结论:重组表达和纯化了无标签、高生物学活性的人性脂联素球状结构,为其进一步的理论研究、生产开发奠定了基础.     

Flt3配体胞外域的原核表达纯化及活性鉴定

目的:构建pET32a(+)-hFLext原核表达载体,诱导hFLext蛋白表达、纯化及活性鉴定.方法:以人淋巴细胞cDNA文库为模板,克隆hFlext,构建pET32a(+)-hFLext重组表达载体.转化大肠杆菌BL21,IPTG诱导蛋白表达,镍珠亲合层析纯化蛋白,SDS-PAGE及Western blot鉴定.细胞增殖实验检测其生物学活性.结果:成功克隆获得hFLext,并构建了pET32a(+)-hFLext重组表达载体.在大肠杆菌BL21,经1 mM IPTG 30℃诱导12 h,成功表达Trx-hFLext融合蛋白,主要以包涵体形式存在.经8M尿素变性包涵体蛋白,逐步透析复性,镍珠亲合层析纯化蛋白,SDS-PAGE及Western blot鉴定,成功获得高纯度的Trx-hFLext融合蛋白.细胞增殖实验证实其具有生物学活性,能够有效刺激脐血细胞增殖.结论:成功构建了pET32a(+)-hFLext重组表达载体,表达、纯化了具有生物学活性的Trx-hFLext融合蛋白,为造血干/祖细胞的体外扩增研究奠定了基础.     

内生真菌Shiraiasp.Slf 14中菊粉酶基因的克隆、表达及包涵体复性

为了实现内生真菌Shiraia sp.Slf 14菊粉酶基因在大肠杆菌中的高效表达,建立有效的包涵体复性技术,获得有活性的重组菊粉酶,本研究通过提取Shiraia sp.Slf 14的总RNA,反转录合成cDNA,设计PCR引物扩增出菊粉酶基因,将其克隆至pET-22b(+)载体后转入E.coli BL21(DE3),利用SDS-PAGE法检测IPTG诱导表达后重组蛋白的表达情况,并进一步检测了包涵体复性及重组酶酶活情况,最终成功获得了相对分子量为62.07 kD的重组蛋白,成功复性包涵体,复性率为25.23%,重组菊粉酶活力为6.84 U/m L。本研究为活性重组菊粉酶的获得及包涵体复性提供了新的方法和依据。     

gAd重组质粒的构建及其在大肠杆菌中的表达

为了建立人脂联素球状结构域(gAd)原核高效表达体系,分离纯化gAd并检测其生物活性,从淋巴细胞中提取人基因组DNA,PCR扩增出含有脂联素编码序列的片段,通过T-A克隆的方法克隆入pMD18-T载体中,然后设计适当的引物引入起始密码、终止密码以及相应的酶切位点,把脂联素球状结构域(gAd)基因亚克隆到表达载体pBV220,将序列鉴定正确的重组质粒转化入大肠杆菌DH5α中,用42℃温控诱导目的蛋白的表达;超声破菌,分离纯化包涵体,8mol/L尿素溶解,采用梯度稀释法复性重组蛋白,动物实验测定其活性。结果在大肠杆菌中成功实现了gAd稳定的以包涵体形式的高效表达,表达量约占全菌蛋白的20%,经聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳鉴定分离得到的包涵体具有较高纯度,复性后具有降低家兔血糖和游离脂肪酸的作用。为进一步研究gAd的生物学活性、作用机制奠定了基础。     

埃兹蛋白(Ezrin)及其突变体的原核表达与纯化

Thr567位点磷酸化是ezrin活化的必需条件。利用定点突变引物将T567突变为A或D,通过PCR扩增出相应的基因片段,将其通过T4连接酶连接至含His标签的原核表达载体pET-20b(+),构建了原核重组质粒pET-20b(+)-Ez WT,pET-20b(+)-EzT567A和pET-20b(+)-EzT567D。转化表达宿主大肠杆菌Rosseta后,用异丙基-β-硫代半乳糖诱导重组蛋白的表达。重组蛋白经亲和镍柱纯化以后,应用western blot鉴定纯化的融合蛋白。Ezrin野生型及其组成型激活和显性负突变质粒的成功构建及其目的蛋白His-Ez WT,His-EzT576A和His-EzT576D的成功表达纯化,为更深入地研究ezrin生物学功能奠定基础。     

NK4蛋白在大肠杆菌中的表达及其活性研究

NK4蛋白是近年来发现的肝细胞生长因子的最佳拮抗剂。为规模化生产NK4蛋白,将NK4基因插入载体pET-26b(+),构建重组原核表达载体pET-26b(+)-NK4,并转化大肠杆菌Rosseta（DE3）。转化菌经IPTG诱导后以包涵体形式大量表达重组蛋白,占菌体总蛋白的42%。包涵体用盐酸胍溶解后经Ni NTA树脂亲和层析纯化,蛋白纯度约为95%,经Western blot证实为NK4蛋白。纯化的重组蛋白行稀释复性后可抑制Hela细胞的贴壁、迁徙,并诱导其凋亡,证实制备的NK4蛋白具有生物活性。NK4蛋白的成功制备将有助于NK4相关功能的深入研究。     

EGF-SEA融合蛋白在大肠杆菌中的表达和纯化

根据基因库中查到的金黄色葡萄球菌肠毒素A(SEA)基因序列和人体表皮生长因子(EGF)基因序列进行密码子优化,以适于大肠杆菌表达.人工合成SEA基因与EGF基因.将两目的基因克隆至原核表达栽体pFT22b中,经测序验证表明成功构建了重组表达质粒pET22b-EGF-SEA.将构建好的pET22b-EGF-SEA质粒转化大肠杆菌BL21(DE3),经IPTG诱导进行表达;SDS-PAGE分析表明融合基因EGF-SEA在大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)中以包涵体的形式得到了高效表达,产物相对分子质量约为44kDa,与理论值大小一致.包涵体经洗涤,变性、复性后用His Bind Kit进行分离纯化,所得蛋白纯度≥95%.高纯度EGF-SEA融合蛋白的获得为进一步研究其生物学活性及肿瘤治疗奠定了基础.     

无标签重组人硫氧还蛋白的大规模表达、纯化及活性检测

目的:利用基因工程的方法原核表达无标签的重组人硫氧还蛋白(rhTrx)并对其进行大规模表达、纯化和鉴定.方法:从人胚胎肾HEK293细胞中提取总RNA,反转录合成cDNA,经PCR扩增、酶切后连入pET-22b(+)载体构建重组质粒,重组质粒转化大肠杆菌BL21( DE3)感受态细胞,IPTG诱导表达,经两步离子交换层析纯化重组蛋白,采用SDS-PAGE、Western blotting、HPLC、MALDI-TOF-MS及经典的胰岛素二硫键还原法对重组蛋白进行鉴定.结果:构建成功了rhTrx基因表达载体;实现了rhTrx在原核细胞中的可溶性表达;纯化出的蛋白经SDS-PAGE和Western blotting分析证实为rhTrx;HPLC和MALDI-TOF-MS分析表明,纯化出的目的蛋白纯度大于95％;胰岛素二硫键还原法证实纯化出的rhTrx具有生物学活性.结论:成功构建了rhTrx的原核表达体系,建立了rhTrx的纯化和鉴定方法,为其进一步的理论研究和生产开发提供了有效基础数据.     

人血小板衍生生长因子BB的原核高表达及其包涵体复性

目的:在原核系统内获得高表达的人血小板衍生生长因子BB(PGDF-BB),并对形成的包涵体进行复性。方法:对PGDF-BB核酸编码序列进行优化,构建pET-22b-PGDF-BB表达载体,以提高PCDF-BB的表达量;优化PGDF-BB包涵体复性条件,提高蛋白复性率和生物活性。结果:构建了pET-22b-PGDF-BB高效表达载体,原核表达的重组人PGDF-BB占细菌总蛋白的25%,PGDF-BB包涵体复性率达到15%。结论:对表达序列的优化设计可显著提高蛋白的表达量,复性方法的改良提高了蛋白的复性率和生物活性。     

痢疾志贺菌侵袭素IpaC的原核表达及纯化复性

目的为进一步研究痢疾志贺菌侵袭素IpaC蛋白的侵袭活性,必须先获得IpaC重组融合蛋白。方法将IpaC基因亚克隆至表达载体pET-24α(+)中,转化至E.coli BL21(DE3)表达宿主菌中,采用IPTG优化诱导表达,然后纯化复性重组蛋白。结果重组蛋白最佳表达条件为0.50mmol/L IPTG、30℃诱导6h,获得分子量约为33kDa的IpaC重组蛋白。Western blotting证实了重组蛋白的特异性。IpaC重组蛋白主要以包涵体形式在宿主菌中表达,通过纯化后得到单一的目的蛋白。结论成功构建IpaC原核表达体系,并获得了蛋白的高效表达及优化。初步建立了IpaC重组蛋白的纯化方案。为进一步研究IpaC的侵袭性作用奠定了基础。     

六种藓类植物茎的比较解剖学研究

通过对6种藓类植物,即褶叶青藓(Brachythecium salebrosum(Web.et Mohr.)B.S.G.)、湿地匐灯藓(Plagiomnium acutum(Lindb.)Kop.)、侧枝匐灯藓(Plagiomnium maximoviczii(Lindb.)Kop.)、大凤尾藓(Fissidensnobilis Griff.)、大羽藓(Thuidium cymbifolium(Doz.et Molk.)B.S.G.)和大灰藓(Hypnum plumaeforme Wils.)嫩茎和老茎的石蜡切片和显微观察发现,同一藓类植株的嫩茎和老茎,茎结构稳定,不同种藓类植物茎横切面具有不同特征.植物体茎横切面形状、表层细胞的层数、细胞大小和细胞壁厚薄、皮层细胞大小和形状、中轴的有无以及比例等特征可以作为藓类植物的分科分类依据之一.     

Cause of Senescence of Nine Sorts of Flowers

The levels of endogenous phytohormones and respiratory rate in nine sorts of flowers such as Cymbidium faberi Rolfe, Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth and others were investigated both at full bloom and senescence and meanwhile the effect of exogenous phytohormones on prolonging the blossoms and promoting ethylene production were tested. There is a high content of endogenous ethylene in all the long-lived flowere, about 3–16 folds higer than the short-lived ones. There is a high level of ABA at full blooming flowers of short-lived flowers, in which there is no or only some cytokinins in it, but the ratio of CTK (6BA+zeatin)/ABA is smaller(l.7). The endogenous ABA reached a much higher level at senescence in all nine sorts of flowers, so it is reasonable to consider that it is ABA which plays an important role of regulation in controlling flower's senescence. There is a much higher level of GA3 and zeatin in the long-lived flowers which is not demonstrated in the shortlived ones. The respiratory rate is one of the factors controtling the longevity of flowers, but it does not play a decided role. Application of 6BA and zeatin prolongs distinctly orchid’s longevity, however exogenous IAA through the promotive action on ethylene production, evidently extends the longevity of the flowers of the Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth.     

龙胆科药用植物化学成分的研究现状

龙胆科植物在我国的分布范围很广,且多数为药用植物,其多数种属的药用植物,至今其化学成分尚未被系统研究。综述了目前龙胆科药用植物的化学成分的研究现状及一般提取方法,对近年来发现的环烯醚萜及裂环烯醚萜类化合物进行了总结,为本科药用植物的更深入研究提供了参考。     

真菌类遗传学分析的知识结构教学

本文以认知结构理论为指导,讨论了真菌类遗传分析与高等动植物遗传分析的内在联系,认为利用这种内在联系进行教学可收到好的效果并说明了作者的具体教学过程。 Abstract:In the paper, the relationship between genetic analysis of Fungi and genetic analysis of high animal and plant was discussed.A good results were obtained when we adopted this method in the teaching.     

The effects of glutamine of the maintenance of embryogenic cultures of Cryptomeria japonica

Summary Embryogenic tissues of sugi (Cryptomeria japonica) were induced on a modified Campbell and Durzan (CD) medium containing 1 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 600 mg l⁻¹ glutamine, and subcultured in the medium of the same composition for over 1 yr. This resulted in a mixed culture of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells. When embryogenic cells were isolated and cultured independently, their capacity to form embryogenic aggregates was lost. Thus, the non-embryogenic cells present within a mixed culture system were essential to the formation of embryogenic aggregates. When embryogenic tissues were isolated and cultured independently on a high glutamine-containing (2400 mg l⁻¹) medium, dry weights and endogenous levels of glutamine increased, and the tissue could generate a large number of embryogenic aggregates. Amino acid analysis of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells from the maintenance culture indicated a higher level of glutamine was present in the latter. The high endogenous level of glutamine in the non-embryogenic portion of mixed cell masses may be the supplier of glutamine for maintaining the embryogenic property of the tissues.     

Specificity of action of piperidylcholine derivatives as substrates of cholinesterases of various origin

The review deals with study of enzymologic properties of a novel highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate, N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium iodomethylate (“piperidylcholine”), and its 30 derivatives that were tested as effectors of cholinesterases of mammals and various species of Pacific squids. It was proven for the first time that responsible for specificity of action was structure of cyclic ammonium grouping of the alcohol part of molecule of the ester substrate. Analysis of specificity is performed based on enzymatic hydrolysis parameters—activity of catalytic center of cholinesterases and bimolecular constant of the reaction rate that are determined at optimal and low substrate concentrations. Among the specially synthesized group of thioester compounds there is revealed one more highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate—N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium.     

Photoregulation of seed germination of wild-type and of an aurea-mutant of tomato

Seed germination of an aurea mutant of tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is promoted by continuous irradiation with red, far-red or long-wavelength far-red (758 nm) light as well as by cyclic irradiations (5 min red or 5 min far-red/25 min darkness). Far-red light applied immediately after each red does not change the germination behaviour. Seed germination of the isogenic wild-type, cv. UC-105, is promoted by continuous and cyclic red light while it is inhibited by continuous and cyclic far-red light and by continious 758 nm irradiation. Far-red irradiation reverses almost completely the promoting effect of red light. The promoting effect (in the aurea mutant) and the inhibitory effect (in the wild-type) of continuous far-red light do not show photon fluence rate dependency above 20 nmol m⁻² s⁻¹. It is concluded that phytochrome controls tomato seed germination throgh low energy responses in both the wild type and the au mutant. The promoting effect of continuous and cyclic far-red light in the au mutant can be attributed to a greater sensitivity to P_fr.     

医疗机构合理用药评价模型的构建研究

目的 针对医疗机构的合理用药水平进行评价研究。方法 根据医疗机构合理用药的具体要求,构建医疗机构合理用药评价指标体系,采用基于模糊群决策的方法和多指标评价分析法构建医疗机构合理用药评价模型。结果 构建了基于模糊群决策的医疗机构合理用药评价模型,并通过实例分析证明了评价模型的可行性。结论 建立的基于模糊群决策的医疗机构合理用药评价模型能够对医疗机构的合理用药水平进行科学评价,为提高医疗机构合理用药水平奠定基础。