柞蚕核型多角体病毒多角体蛋白基因上游5''''端核苷酸序列分析

核型多角体病毒(Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus,简称NPV)的核多角体蛋白(Polyhedrin)基因具有一个非常强的启动子和基因调控序列。目前利用这一基因的上述序列已组建了多种表达载体,高效地表达了十几种外源基因产物,成为当前最有前途的新的表达系统。但是,在组建这一病毒载体过程中,为了使插入的外源基因靠近病毒启动子序列,各     

杆状病毒表达载体系统

杆状病毒表达载体系统是近年来发展起来的较高效的表达外源基因系统。由于多角体病毒中多角体蛋白基因的非必需性、高表达性、重组病毒的易鉴定等特性,以及多角体蛋白基因的强启动子使其特别适于基因工程中作为表达载体,借助于转移载体可将外源目的基因转移到野生型AcMNPV中,在一个被转移载体和野生型AcMNPV共转染的细胞内,可以通过同源重组完成目的基因的转移。应用不同的转移载体可表达出融合及非融合蛋白质。经该系统表达的重组蛋白质具有生物学活性,其中大部分进行翻译后剪接产生与天然蛋白质相似的重组蛋白质。这些产物的抗原性,免疫原性和功能都与天然蛋白质非常相似。目前,应用该系统已成功地表达了许多酶、生长因子、病毒抗原包括病毒的外壳蛋白等有生物活性的蛋白质。本文对如何最大限度表达外源基因及该表达系统的发展前景作了讨论。     

昆虫杆状病毒应用于哺乳动物基因治疗的研究进展

杆状病毒是一类宿主特异性的昆虫病毒。昆虫杆状病毒表达系统是一个高效的真核表达系统,被广泛用于在昆虫细胞或昆虫幼虫中生产外源蛋白质。杆状病毒不能感染哺乳动物,却可以进入不同物种和组织来源的多种哺乳动物细胞,并在合适的哺乳动物启动子控制下表达外源基因。杆状病毒在哺乳动物细胞中不能复制,对细胞没有毒性,加上杆状病毒本身具有基因组大、可操作性好等优点,作为哺乳动物基因治疗的载体,将治疗基因传递给哺乳动物细胞已受到了广泛关注。在此就杆状病毒作为基因治疗载体的最新研究进展进行了阐述并探讨其发展趋势。     

MPST基因慢病毒载体的构建及在SH-SY5Y细胞中的表达

为构建MPST基因慢病毒表达载体,获得稳定表达外源MPST基因的SH-SY5Y细胞株,本研究通过PCR扩增出MPST目的基因,将其克隆到慢病毒表达载体p EB-GFP (T2A) PURO上,将重组慢病毒表达载体和慢病毒包装质粒系统(pLP/VSVG, pLP1, p LP2)共转染293T细胞,用获得重组的慢病毒液感染SH-SY5Y细胞,嘌呤霉素筛选稳定表达MPST基因的(SH-MPST)细胞株。采用Real-time PCR和Western blotting以及ELISA等方法对筛出来的SH-MPST中的MPST的表达及功能进行鉴定。与空转染组(SH-PEB)相比,SH-MPST细胞中MPST mRNA及蛋白的表达水平显著增加,且细胞内MPST酶活性、酶含量及细胞释放硫化氢的水平均显著增加(p0.05)。以上研究表明,MPST基因慢病毒表达载体成功构建,并获得稳定表达外源MPST基因的SH-SY5Y细胞株,这将为MPST功能的深入研究提供依据。     

日本脑炎病毒C蛋白对其复制子载体自主复制活性的影响

为了研制具有高效自主复制能力的日本脑炎病毒 (JEV) 复制子载体,验证其作为新型复制子疫苗载体的可能性。以保留全长核心蛋白C基因的JEV复制子载体pCTCJEV为基础,通过PCR的方法减短C蛋白的部分基因序列,分别保留C23和C68位氨基酸,以Lac Z基因作为报告基因,构建了C基因长短不同的JEV复制子载体pCMW-2M-1LACZ、pCMW-2M-3LACZ。将复制子载体转染表达JEV结构蛋白的细胞系CME-4,通过Lac Z的表达检测JEV复制子载体表达外源蛋白的能力,反映了JEV的系列复制子载体的自主复制能力。结果保留C基因全长,C68、C23的复制子载体表达外源蛋白的能力相当,以上结果说明仅仅保留C蛋白的69个核苷酸即可保留JEV复制子载体的自主复制能力,为进一步优化JEV复制子载体,将该载体开发研制成为高效表达外源蛋白的疫苗载体提供了依据。     

利用病毒载体在烟草中瞬时表达融合HBsAg基因

利用马铃薯PVX病毒载体构建了外源人工融合乙肝表面抗原HBsAg基因的表达载体,在烟草中利用农杆菌介导进行瞬时表达,以快速鉴定外源基因瞬时表达的状况以及重组蛋白的免疫活性。利用PCR技术从含有人工融合HBsAg基因的表达载体中分别扩增出LP PreS1 PreS2 S、PreS1 PreS2 S、PreS2 S序列,将其分别与PVX病毒载体pgR106连接,构建成PVX-LP、PVX-S1和PVX-S2等3个转化载体,并将此载体导入农杆菌菌株GV3101中用于侵染烟草植株叶片。感染植株经RT-PCR、RNA Dot blotting和HBsAg蛋白的ELISA检测显示,3个人工融合的HBsAg基因均可在植物体内得到转录,翻译成具有活性的蛋白。结果表明,外源融合HB-sAg基因经过植物病毒载体瞬时表达系统可以在植物系统中正常转录和翻译。     

巴斯德毕赤酵母表达外源蛋白的优化策略

巴斯德毕赤酵母(Pichia pastoris)表达系统已成为外源蛋白最理想的表达系统之一,诸多的优点体现了其广泛的研究价值和应用价值。综述了P.pastoris表达外源蛋白时在载体选择与利用、外源基因改造、翻译后修饰及表达稳定性等方面的优化策略,以加速其应用。     

利用优化改造的家蚕杆状病毒表达系统提高NS1表达产量

为优化家蚕杆状病毒表达系统,提高外源基因的表达产量。文中通过同源重组技术,用串联的氯霉素基因(Cm)表达盒和绿色荧光蛋白基因(egfp)表达盒将其替换,从而获得Chitinase和Cystein Protease两个基因缺失的家蚕杆状病毒载体。通过转座,将多角体启动子控制的家蚕二分浓核病毒(Bm BDV)ns1基因表达盒,定点插入到改造后的该分子载体中。将重组载体转染Bm N细胞,获得能表达家蚕二分浓核病毒(Bm BDV)NS1的缺失型重组病毒;另外,将多角体启动子控制的ns1基因转座到野生型Bm-bacmid中,获得能表达Bm BDV NS1的野生型重组病毒。将这两种病毒分别皮下注射家蚕,对感染后的家蚕血液中NS1表达水平进行比较,发现缺失Chitinase和Cystein Protease重组病毒感染的家蚕血液中,NS1的表达量是对照组的3倍,从而建立了一种高效表达可溶性NS1蛋白的方法,为靶蛋白的结构与功能研究奠定基础。     

建立外源基因乳腺组织特异性表达快速检测系统的探索

乳腺生物反应器研制是近年来生物工程领域的研究热点,有效的乳腺组织特异性表达载体的构建则是该工作的关键。为了验证外源基因乳腺组织特异性表达载体构建的合理性和有效性,我们实验室探索利用重组逆病毒（retrovirus）、重组腺病毒（adenovirus）和SA脂质体（SAliposome）为介导,将外源基因及其表达构件导入活体奶山羊的乳腺组织,建外源基因乳腺组织表达的快速检测系统;取得了较为理想的效果。     

柞蚕核型多角体病毒(ApNPV)转移载体质粒pAp M2614的组建

自从美国科学家G.Smith等首次建立苜蓿尺蠖核型多角体病毒(AcNPV)转移载体表达系统以来,已被广泛用于外源基因的表达,成为世界上一新的具有巨大潜力的载体表达系统。为了进一步提高表达产量,降低成本,日本科学家前田进建立了家蚕核型多角体病毒(BmNPV)载体表达系统,并获得了高效表达。柞蚕是我国特产,以蛹滞育越冬,保存时间长,个体大,可工厂化生产。因此,组建柞蚕NPV转移载体,进而建立该载体表达系统,是目前利用昆虫活体为宿主进行外源基因表达较理想的昆虫杆状病毒载体表达系统。     

A cryptic promoter in potato virus X vector interrupted plasmid construction

Background

Potato virus X has been developed into an expression vector for plants. It is widely used to express foreign genes. In molecular manipulation, the foreign genes need to be sub-cloned into the vector. The constructed plasmid needs to be amplified. Usually, during amplification stage, the foreign genes are not expressed. However, if the foreign gene is expressed, the construction work could be interrupted. Two different viral genes were sub-cloned into the vector, but only one foreign gene was successfully sub-cloned. The other foreign gene, canine parvovirus type 2 (CPV-2) VP1 could not be sub-cloned into the vector and amplified without mutation (frame shift mutation).

Results

A cryptic promoter in the PVX vector was discovered with RT-PCR. The promoter activity was studied with Northern blots and Real-time RT-PCR.

Conclusion

It is important to recognize the homologous promoter sequences in the vector when a virus is developed as an expression vector. During the plasmid amplification stage, an unexpected expression of the CPV-2 VP1 gene (not in the target plants, but in E. coli) can interrupt the downstream work.     

Optimized, highly efficient transfer of foreign genes into newborn mouse hearts in vivo

Expression of foreign genes in vivo is a standard method to disclose functions of specific genes and to alter physiological conditions in distinct cell types and tissues. Virus-mediated gene transfer has proved to be a valuable tool for directed gene expression in vivo complementary to transgenic approaches. However, several problems associated with routes of application, endurance of gene expression, and efficiency of infections still have to be solved. We have optimized a gene transfer protocol into hearts of newborn mice to achieve widespread long-lasting expression using adenoviral vectors. Intrathoracic injection of high-titer adenoviral preparations (10(8)pfu) led to expression of foreign genes in >71+/-8% of all heart cells for >50 days after infection without any morphological signs of cardiac malfunction, inflammation, or immune response. This approach might be adapted to long-term cellular studies in vivo since 5 months after infection up to 20% of all cardiac cells still expressed virally encoded genes. Successful and efficient expression of other gene of interest can be easily controlled by co-injection of low titers of a reporter vector encoding EGFP (10(6)pfu).     

Conditional expression of foreign genes by temperature-sensitive mutants of vaccinia virus

To assess the utility of two temperature-sensitive (ts) mutant vaccinia viruses as vectors for the conditional in vitro expression of recombinant foreign genes, we have studied the kinetics of expression of foreign genes incorporated into these viruses. At nonpermissive temperature, 40 degrees C, these viruses were defective either in DNA synthesis or in virus assembly. Foreign gene expression was affected by the nature of the ts lesion and by the nature of the vaccinia promoter positioned upstream from the foreign gene. With both vector viruses, a foreign gene controlled by the p7.5 early-late promoter was expressed at both 33 degrees and 40 degrees C. With the DNA synthesis-defective vector virus, foreign gene expression controlled by the p11 DNA synthesis-dependent late promoter was inhibited at 40 degrees C, but could be turned on by shift to 33 degrees C. This ts expression system provides an alternative to use of drugs that inhibit DNA synthesis as a means for experimental manipulation of gene expression. Both vector viruses can be used with existing vaccinia virus expression technology.     

含翻译增强子的表达载体pSC34的构建及初步应用

１９８８年Ｏｌｉｎｓ［１］发现Ｔ７噬菌体基因１０的先导序列（Ｔ７ｇ１０Ｌ）具有明显的促进基因翻译的作用．本文构建了含Ｔ７ｇ１０Ｌ的表达载体ｐＳＣ３４,并尝试表达了几个不同类型的基因．１材料与方法１．１菌株大肠杆菌菌株ＴＡＰ１０６为本室储存．ＴＡＰ１０...     

植物RNA病毒载体构建策略

作为对传统的植物转化载体的补充,植物ＲＮＡ病毒载体具有受体植物广泛,且转化需要的时间短,特别适宜于大量表达外源基因．虽然外源基因的稳定性存在一定的问题,但大量的事例说明,作为一种新型的外源基因在植物中表达的载体,它具有其独到的特点．本文就最新利用ＲＮＡ病毒转化植物的报道进行了综述     

Construction of mathematical model for high-level expression of foreign genes in pPIC9 vector and its verification

In this report, we introduced a mathematical model for high-level expression of foreign genes in pPIC9 vector. At first, we collected 40 heterologous genes expressed in pPIC9 vector, and these 40 genes were classified into high-level expression group (expression level >100mg/L, 12 genes) and low-level expression group (expression level <100mg/L, 28 genes). Then, the Naive Bayes method was used to construct the model with RNA secondary structure profile of 3'-end of foreign genes as features. The classification accuracy from leave-one-out cross-validation was 100%. Finally, another five genes collected from literatures were used to test the ability of the model. The results indicated that there were four genes correctly predicted. In addition, the model was also verified by expressing human neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) gene with expression level more than 100mg/L. Therefore, we propose that the model can be used to predict the expression level of heterologous genes before experiments and optimize the experiment designs to obtain the high-level expression. Furthermore, we have developed a web server for evaluation and design for high-level expression of foreign genes, which is accessible at http://ppic9.med.stu.edu.cn/ppic9.     

Production of red-flowered plants by genetic engineering of multiple flavonoid biosynthetic genes

Orange- to red-colored flowers are difficult to produce by conventional breeding techniques in some floricultural plants. This is due to the deficiency in the formation of pelargonidin, which confers orange to red colors, in their flowers. Previous researchers have reported that brick-red colored flowers can be produced by introducing a foreign dihydroflavonol 4-reductase (DFR) with different substrate specificity in Petunia hybrida, which does not accumulate pelargonidin pigments naturally. However, because these experiments used dihydrokaempferol (DHK)-accumulated mutants as transformation hosts, this strategy cannot be applied directly to other floricultural plants. Thus in this study, we attempted to produce red-flowered plants by suppressing two endogenous genes and expressing one foreign gene using tobacco as a model plant. We used a chimeric RNAi construct for suppression of two genes (flavonol synthase [FLS] and flavonoid 3′-hydroxylase [F3′H]) and expression of the gerbera DFR gene in order to accumulate pelargonidin pigments in tobacco flowers. We successfully produced red-flowered tobacco plants containing high amounts of additional pelargonidin as confirmed by HPLC analysis. The flavonol content was reduced in the transgenic plants as expected, although complete inhibition was not achieved. Expression analysis also showed that reduction of the two-targeted genes and expression of the foreign gene occurred simultaneously. These results demonstrate that flower color modification can be achieved by multiple gene regulation without use of mutants if the vector constructs are designed resourcefully. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.