浙江土壤中的暗色丝孢菌研究Ⅰ.

从浙江省采集的42份土壤样品中,分离出50个暗色丝孢菌分离物,鉴定为26属39种.其中拟苍白弯孢Curvularia subpallescens为新种.侧多隔孢属Pleurophragmium,疣瓶孢属Eladia,拟葡萄孢属Pseudobotrytis和棘瓶孢属Echinobotryum为中国新记录属.鞘孢霉Chalara state of Ceratocystis adiposa,紫棕毛束霉Doratomyces purpureofuscus,黑棘瓶孢Echinobotryum atrum,小囊疣瓶孢Eladia saccula,隘缩小内多隔孢Endophragmiella constricta,青霉状粘束孢Graphium penicillioides,黑侧多隔孢Pleurophragmium actum,土栖拟葡萄孢Pseudobotrytis terrestris,腐植齿梗孢Scolecobasidium humicola和虎尾兰葡萄穗霉Stachybotrys sansevierae为中国新记录种.其余28种为国内已报道种.     

山西土壤中的暗色丝孢真菌I

从山西省不同地区采集混合土壤样品45份,从中分离获得49个暗色丝孢菌分离物,经鉴定分属于27属中的36种.其中包括1个新种,草原链格孢Alternaria pratensis;1个中国新记录属,锥梗围瓶孢属Chaetopsina;5个中国新记录种:锥梗围瓶孢Chaetopsina fulva、长椭暗双孢Cordana oblongispora、短小腐质霉Humicola brevis、伦德伯格小粘束霉Leptographium lundbergii和亚简黑乌霉Memnoiella subsimplex;其余30个为中国已知种.除对新种进行拉丁文描述和图示外,对中国新记录种也作了简要描述和描绘,对30个国内已报道种则只作分布和生境的引证.所有研究过的标本(干制培养物)与活菌种均保存在山东农业大学植物病理学标本室(HSAUP).     

沉水玛利亚霉新种以及链状玛利亚霉的新生境记录（英文）

通过形态特征与系统发育分析(LSU和ITS),报道了玛利亚霉属Mariannaea的1个新种和1个新记录种。新种沉水玛利亚霉Mariannaea submersa的主要形态特征为透明、分支状的分生孢子梗上带有3–6个环生瓶梗,产孢细胞烧瓶形至锥形,分子孢子为宽梭形至卵圆形,无隔膜,颜色透明且带有尖锐顶部和截断底部。链状玛利亚霉Mariannaea catenulata首次采集于淡水环境,同时也是首次报道于亚洲地区(泰国)。本研究进一步证明玛利亚霉属真菌在淡水环境中的高多样性。     

沉水玛利亚霉新种以及链状玛利亚霉的新生境记录

通过形态特征与系统发育分析（LSU和ITS）,报道了玛利亚霉属Mariannaea的1个新种和1个新记录种。新种沉水玛利亚霉Mariannaea submersa的主要形态特征为透明、分支状的分生孢子梗上带有3-6个环生瓶梗,产孢细胞烧瓶形至锥形,分子孢子为宽梭形至卵圆形,无隔膜,颜色透明且带有尖锐顶部和截断底部。链状玛利亚霉Mariannaea catenulata首次采集于淡水环境,同时也是首次报道于亚洲地区（泰国）。本研究进一步证明玛利亚霉属真菌在淡水环境中的高多样性。     

藏北羌塘草原土壤中的暗色丝孢菌

作为对青藏高原土壤中暗色丝孢菌属、种多样性系统调研的一部分,笔者从采自藏北羌塘草原的20份土样中,分离获得21个暗色丝孢菌分离物,经鉴定分别属于11属中的15种,其中包括1个新种,西藏瓶霉Phialophora tibetensis和2个中国新记录种:蜜色瓶霉Phialophora melinii和暗色帚霉Scopulariopsis fusca,多数种为在此区域首次发现。对新种和中国新记录种进行了描述和图示,对其他12个中国已报道种亦作了分离地点和生境的引证。主模式和等模式标本(干制培养物)分别存放在山东农业大学植物病理学标本室(HSAUP)和中国科学院菌物标本馆(HMAS)。其余研究过的标本(干制培养物)与活菌种保存在HSAUP。     

木霉属产生无色子囊孢子的四个新种（英文）

对来自华中地区的木霉属标本进行了形态解剖、培养特性和序列分析相结合的综合研究,发现该属的4个新种,将其命名为喜温木霉Trichoderma thermophilum、华中木霉T.centrosinicum、大孢木霉T.grande和柠檬黄木霉T.limonium。对新种的菌落形态、有性阶段和无性阶段的特性进行了详尽描述和图示,并对它们与相似种之间的区别分别进行了比较和讨论。序列分析的结果表明,喜温木霉和华中木霉属于Longibrachiatum分支,大孢木霉和柠檬黄木霉属于Brevicompactum分支。首次报道和描述了中国木霉T.sinensis的有性阶段,并指定其附加模式。     

贵州省瓶霉属二新种(英文)

在对贵州省土壤暗色丝孢真菌进行调查研究中,分离获得2个瓶霉属新种:土壤瓶霉Phialophora subterranea和光滑瓶霉P.levis,对二者进行了详细的描述并绘图。研究菌株的干制培养物及活菌种均存放在贵州大学植物病理学标本室(HGUP)。     

西藏拉萨河谷地土壤中的暗色丝孢菌(英文)

从采自拉萨河谷地的17份土样中,分离获得38个暗色丝孢菌分离物,经鉴定分别属于15属中的25种,其中包括3个新种,即西藏粘鞭霉Gliomastix tibetensis,西藏单格孢Monodictys tibetensis和小孢瓶梗霉Phialomyces microsporus,1个中国新记录种嗜毛金色孢Chrysosporium keratinophilum。对新种和中国新记录种进行了描述和图示,对其他21个中国已报道种作了分离地点和生境的引证。主模式和等模式标本(干制培养物)分别保藏在山东农业大学植物病理学标本室(HSAUP)和中国科学院菌物标本馆(HMAS)。其余研究过的标本(干制培养物)与活菌种保存在HSAUP。     

黄河源头地区土壤中的暗色丝孢真菌Ⅰ

从黄河源头下游8县区采集的24份土壤样品中分离得到19属34种暗色丝孢真菌,其中长孢齿梗孢Scolecobasidium longisporum和戈壁维罗纳霉Veronaea gobica为两个新种,芦竹节菱孢Arthrinium arundinis为一个新组合名称,并对灰色瓶霉Phialophora cinerescens进行了补充描述。对该地区31个中国已知种亦作了标本引证。所研究真菌的干制培养物及活菌种保存在山东农业大学植物病理学标本室(HSAUP)。     

中国土壤中小镰孢属的两个新种

报道分离自土壤中的小镰孢属Fusariella二新种:棘柄小镰孢Fusariellaechinulata和中华小镰孢Fusariellasinensis。棘柄小镰孢与坎斯小镰孢F.kansensis、间型小镰孢F.intermedia和侧弯小镰孢F.obstipa形态近似,它们的如下区分:新种的分生孢子明显要比F.intermedia的宽,比F.kansensis的小,其产孢瓶体具棘刺与F.obstipa光滑的产孢瓶体可以区分。中华小镰孢与F.obstipa近似,但其产孢瓶体色泽较暗且明显粗糙,而后者的产孢瓶体无色,光滑,另外,新种的分生孢子较后者的要小,二者容易区分。二新种的模式标本(干制培养物)保存在山东农业大学植物病理学标本室(HSAUP)。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.