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从采自四川理县米亚洛的冬虫夏草(Cordyceps sinensis(Serk.)Sacc.)内菌核中分离得一金孢霉新种,中国金孢霉(Chrysosporium sinense Liang)。此菌与本属已知种的鉴别特征是:形成较多孢梗束,生长最适温低于20℃且大量形成壁光滑的间生分生孢子。本文还对虫草无性型的确定作了扼要地讨论。 相似文献
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对来自华中地区的木霉属标本进行了形态解剖、培养特性和序列分析相结合的综合研究,发现该属的4个新种,将其命名为喜温木霉Trichoderma thermophilum、华中木霉T.centrosinicum、大孢木霉T.grande和柠檬黄木霉T.limonium。对新种的菌落形态、有性阶段和无性阶段的特性进行了详尽描述和图示,并对它们与相似种之间的区别分别进行了比较和讨论。序列分析的结果表明,喜温木霉和华中木霉属于Longibrachiatum分支,大孢木霉和柠檬黄木霉属于Brevicompactum分支。首次报道和描述了中国木霉T.sinensis的有性阶段,并指定其附加模式。 相似文献
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拟盘梗霉属(Bremiella G.W.Wilson)霜霉,全世界已报道2个种。本文报道寄生于我国菊科植物上的1个新种及2个新组合。新种是寄生于茼蒿上的Bremiella multiformis Tao et Y.Qin sp.nov.。新组合是欧茼蒿上的Bremiella chrysanthemi-coronarii(Sawada)Tao comb.nov。及黄花蒿上的Bremiella artemisiae-annuae(Ling et M. C.Tai)Tao comb.nov.。对新种作了汉文及拉丁文描述,并附有形态图,还讨论了新种和新组合与近似种之间的区别。 相似文献
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红菇属乳菇状亚组Russula subsect. Lactarioideae是一个形态特征较明显的类群,亚属内部分种类被认为是复合种。在对我国红菇属乳菇状亚组进行的分类学研究中,发现了3个新种：丝黄红菇Russula byssina、奶油色红菇R. cremicolor和白果红菇R. leucocarpa,均产自我国贵州省,生于针叶林下。基于形态详细观察和ITS序列系统发育分析的结果对其进行详细描述,对新种和近缘种间差异进行了比较和讨论,提供了新种与乳菇状亚组和淡孢亚组R. subsect. Pallidosporinae中近缘种的物种检索表。分子系统学结果显示奶油色红菇与Delica-Brevipes分支亲缘关系较近,白果红菇和丝黄红菇隶属于两个独立分支。 相似文献
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对九州镰孢菌Fusarium kyushuense、厚垣镰孢菌F. chlamydosporum 和拟枝孢镰孢菌F. sporotrichioides在气生菌丝上产生的孢子进行了比较。九州镰孢菌在气生菌丝上产生多隔孢子（即中型分生孢子）;厚垣镰孢菌在气生菌丝上产生的主要是0隔针叶状分生孢子;拟枝孢镰孢菌在气生菌丝上产生两种类型的分生孢子：芜菁形、单胞分生孢子以及椭圆形、0－1隔的分生孢子。多隔的气生孢子（中型分生孢子）在厚垣镰孢菌和拟枝孢镰孢菌这两个种中偶尔可以观察到,但是不应作为对这两个种进行鉴定的主要 相似文献
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在大湄公河次区域的水生真菌调查中,从中国云南和西藏的沉水腐木中分离得到4个菌株。基于LSU、SSU、ITS、TEF1-α和RPB2序列进行多基因系统发育分析,表明4个菌株属于菩提科香港霉属真菌。系统发育分析结果显示4个菌株聚集在一起,并与泰国香港霉形成姐妹支。基于形态学及分子系统学研究,将这4个菌株鉴定为新种棕孢香港霉。棕孢香港霉是香港霉属的第二个有性型物种,它因子囊果的孔口处有棕色至黑色的刚毛,且子囊孢子呈梭形,孢子两端逐渐变窄且钝圆,红棕色至暗棕色,具有多个隔膜而区别于另一个有性型物种泰国香港霉。本研究提供了该真菌新种的描述及图版并比较了该种与其他物种的形态差异。 相似文献
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本研究对中国滇西北地区淡水木腐真菌进行了调查,在云南省的苍山、怒江和澜沧江采集到3个菌株。根据形态学特征和多基因系统发育分析（ITS、LSU、SSU、TEF1-α和RPB2）描述了新种——苍山长喙孢Rostriconidium cangshanense。苍山长喙孢的特征是菌体形态与营养菌丝不同,分生孢子梗单生或者松散成束,光滑或粗糙;产孢细胞多芽、深褐色、具有黑色驼峰状的分生孢子脱落痕;分生孢子梭形至倒棒状、长喙状,6-8个横隔,有明显油滴状细胞内含物,有时具顶端粘膜鞘。露兜长喙孢Rostriconidium pandanicola报道为世界淡水环境的新记录。 相似文献
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Brian V. Brown Dalton de Souza Amorim Giar‐Ann Kung 《Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society》2015,173(2):424-485
Forty‐six characters, mostly of the thoracic pleuron, are proposed for the reconstruction of the phylogenetic relationships among the major groups of the family Phoridae. Analysis of these characters, in conjunction with the pre‐existing suite of morphological characters from other body parts, provides a basis for a strongly supported new classification of the Phoridae, in which Sciadocerinae is the sister group of ((Chonocephalus Wandolleck & Cyphocephalus Borgmeier) + (Termitoxeniinae + (Metopininae + Phorinae s.l.))). A new subfamily, Chonocephalinae subfamily nov. , is proposed for Chonocephalus and Cyphocephalus, and a new genus, Hirotophora gen. nov. , is proposed for Chaetopleurophora multiseriata (Aldrich) ( comb. nov. ). © 2015 The Linnean Society of London 相似文献
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LIMIN LU JUN WEN ZHIDUAN CHEN 《Botanical journal of the Linnean Society. Linnean Society of London》2012,168(1):43-63
Parthenocissus (the Virginia creeper genus, Vitaceae) consists of 13 species and shows a disjunct distribution between Asia and North America. We investigated the inflorescence structure, calyx morphology, appendages on the inner side of petals, leaf epidermis, pollen and seed characters throughout the genus. A combined phylogenetic analysis with 27 morphological and 4137 molecular characters was conducted and the result was largely congruent with that of the previous molecular work, but with higher resolution. The combined analysis identified two clades corresponding to the Asian and North American taxa. Parthenocissus feddei was resolved as closely related to the clade containing P. cuspidifera, P. heterophylla and P. semicordata. The four species share synapomorphies of having conspicuously raised veinlets, an obscurely five‐ (to eight‐) lobed calyx, appendages on the inner side of petals covering the entire length of anthers and foveolate pollen exine ornamentation. Within the Old World clade, the pentafoliolate species were weakly supported as more closely related to species with both simple and trifoliolate leaves. Furthermore, the ancestral states of tendril apices, inflorescence structure, appendages on the inner side of petals and exine ornamentation of pollen grains were reconstructed on the molecular strict consensus tree. The appendages on the inner side of petals and exine ornamentation of pollen grains were suggested to be important characters in the taxonomy of Parthenocissus, especially for species with trifoliolate leaves. Finally, the previous classifications of Parthenocissus were evaluated within the phylogenetic framework. © 2011 The Linnean Society of London, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 2011, ?? , ??–??. 相似文献
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Nicole C. Barbee 《Hydrobiologia》2005,538(1-3):153-165
The Darwinulidae are the only surviving post-Palaeozoic darwinulocopine family of an extensive radiation that reached its maximum in the Permian. Whereas at least some Palaeozoic darwinulids are known from sexual populations, the surviving lineages after the end-Permian mass extinction have abandoned sex since 200 million years ago. This makes the extant family Darwinulidae one of the few putative ancient asexual groups. Only about 30 species in 5 genera are presently known. The phylogeny of these taxa is here analysed using both morphological characters and molecular data. Twelve characters on valve morphology and 17 characters pertaining to appendages are used to construct the most parsimonious (unrooted) cladogram of 12 species in 5 genera. DNA sequences of one nuclear (ITS1) and a mitochondrial (COI) gene of 6 species in 5 genera are used to construct rooted maximum parsimony trees. Both molecular and morphological trees show a high degree of congruence, indicating that Alicenula and Vestalenula mostly cluster closely together, while Penthesilenula and Microdarwinula constitute a robust group. The position of the monospecific genus Darwinulais more variable, but is mostly closer to the two former genera. Congeneric species always cluster together in the morphological cladograms, and these results thus confirm that the five genera recognised by Rossetti & Martens (1998) are good phyletic units. An approximate molecular clock (calibrated with fossil data) indicates that the extant darwinulids share a common ancestor, which lived at least 100 million years ago. 相似文献
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Anna Karnkowska‐Ishikawa Rafał Milanowski Jan Kwiatowski Bożena Zakryś 《Journal of phycology》2010,46(1):172-182
The establishment of epitypes (together with emended diagnoses) for seven species of Phacus Dujard. [Phacus oscillans G. A. Klebs, Phacus parvulus G. A. Klebs, Phacus pusillus Lemmerm., Phacus skujae Skvortzov, Phacus inflexus (Kisselew) Pochm., Phacus polytrophos Pochm., and Phacus smulkowskianus (Zakry?) Kusber] was achieved by literature studies, verification of morphological diagnostic features (cell size, cell shape), as well as molecular characters (SSU rDNA). The investigated Phacus species are mostly well distinguished morphologically, with an SSU rDNA interspecific sequence similarity of 95.1%–99.0% and an intraspecific sequence similarity of 99.0%–99.9%. Some of the phylogenetic relationships among the seven species have not been resolved, but the topology obtained indicates their assignment into two sister clades. The first clade is composed of two sister groups (P. parvulus and P. pusillus), while the second constitutes an assemblage of the remaining five species. The relationships between the clades remain unresolved. 相似文献
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The acorn worm Balanoglossus simodensis reproduces asexually by fragmentation and subsequent regeneration from the body fragments. We examined the morphogenesis of its asexual reproduction. At first, we collected asexually reproducing specimens and observed their morphogenesis. Then, we succeeded in inducing the asexual reproduction artificially by cutting the worm at the end of the genital region. The process of morphogenesis is completely the same between naturally collected and artificially induced specimens. The stages during morphogenesis were established on the basis of the external features of the asexually reproducing fragments. The internal features of the fragments were also examined at each stage. In a separate phase of the study, the capacity for regeneration of some body parts was also examined by dividing intact worms into about 10 fragments. Although the capacity for regeneration varied among the different body parts, some fragments regenerated into complete individuals in 1 month. The process of regeneration was the same as that in the asexually produced fragments. 相似文献
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淡水龟科具闭壳结构龟类分类及系统进化研究进展 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
闭壳龟类是淡水龟科(Bataguridae)中一群具有"闭壳"结构的水栖或半水栖龟类的总称,即腹甲的腹盾和胸盾之间以可动的铰链韧带相连,使背甲和腹甲可以全部或部分闭合,它们是盒龟属(Cistoclemmys)、闭壳龟属(Cuo-ra)、锯缘龟属(Pyxidea)、齿缘龟属(Cyclemys)和果龟属(Notochelys),前4个属的龟类在中国均有分布。近几十年来,由于食用、传统中医药开发和宠物贸易的兴起,导致许多闭壳龟类野生物种数量急剧减少,并且当前许多亚洲闭壳龟的分类工作过多的依赖于市场购买的物种样本,这就使我们对闭壳龟属及种的归属划分变的较困难,因此对闭壳龟类物种种的界限的划分及属间系统发育关系的研究仍然是一个艰巨的挑战。通过对淡水龟科具有闭壳结构龟类的形态学研究,细胞遗传学研究以及分子系统学研究等进行了综述,以期为闭壳龟类的相关保护研究提供参考。 相似文献
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The phylogeny of the flyingfish family Exocoetidae is studied cladistically, using 41 morphological characters encompassing
early life history, and external and internal features. The monophyly of the family is supported by 10 synapomorphies. Within
the family,Oxyporhamphus is the sister group to all other genera, the monophyly of the latter being defined by 10 synapomorphies.Fodiator is the sister group of genera characterized by the presence of chin barbels in juveniles.Parexocoetus is the sister group ofExocoetus, Cypselurus, Prognichthys andHirundichthys, the latter being defined by four synapomorphies. In the latter group,Exocoetus is the sister group of the other three genera. The phylogeny of the Exocoetidae is characterized by the stepwise upgrading
of gliding capability, with sequential modifications of the caudal, pectoral and pelvic fins. The subfamily Oxyporhamphinae
is resurrected. 相似文献