60例食管癌手术治疗诊治分析

目的：探讨胸段食管癌三种常用术式方法的选择原则、手术疗效及术后并发症的比较。方法：本研究选择临床确诊无广泛转移胸段食管癌60例,分别采用常规左胸入路手术20例,右胸、上腹部二切口手术18例和右胸、腹、颈部三切口手术22例,均为根治性手术,术中清扫淋巴结,并送病理检查。分析不同手术径路对食管癌治疗效果及术后并发症的影响。结果：本组研究病例全部顺利完成根治性手术,术中淋巴结活检检出有淋巴结转移25例,淋巴结转移率41.67%（25/60）。本研究组发生并发症患者13例,其中吻合口瘘4例,胃排空障碍4例,肺部并发症5例。其中通过右胸、腹、颈部三切口入路手术并发症最高,达41.25%,与其它组别相比均有明显差异,P〈0.05。结论：胸段食管癌手术方式的选择应因人而异,正确的选择有助于提高肿瘤切除率、淋巴结清扫率及降低肿瘤复发率,此外不同手术方式的个体化选择是降低术后并发症和提高生存质量的有效手段。     

右胸入路三野清扫淋巴结治疗中晚期胸中段食管癌的疗效及预后观察

目的:探讨右胸入路三野清扫淋巴结治疗中晚期胸中段食管癌的临床疗效及对预后的影响。方法:回顾性分析我院2012年9月-2013年9月收治的中晚期胸中段食管癌者的临床资料,所有患者均采用右胸入路行Ivor-Lewis术,根据淋巴清扫范围方式分为二野组(n=37)、三野组(n=25)。比较两组淋巴清扫情况、术后并发症、复发转移及预后。结果:与二野组比较,三野组淋巴清扫数显著增加(P0.05),上纵膈淋巴结转移率及总转移率显著升高(P0.05);二野组喉返神经损伤的发生率显著低于三野组(P0.05);二野组和三野组的复发率分别为43.2%、16.0%,二者比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05);三野组中位DFS为19.7个月(95%CI:15.5~23.8),显著高于二野组中位DFS为16.8个月(95%CI:12.0~20.9)(P0.05)。结论:右胸入路三野淋巴结清扫治疗中晚期胸中段食管癌患者是安全可行的,有助于彻底清除转移淋巴结,降低术后复发,改善预后。     

胸段食管癌术后淋巴结转移情况及其对患者5 年生存期的影响研究

目的:探讨胸段食管癌术后淋巴结转移情况及其对患者5年生存期的影响。方法:对125例胸段食管癌患者的病例资料进行回顾性研究,统计其淋巴结转移情况以及转移度、转移数、转移域数等相关数据资料,并分析各种淋巴结转移情况对患者5年生存期的影响,再对基于不同淋巴结转移情况"手术组"与"手术+放疗组"的5年生存率进行比较。结果:有无淋巴结转移、淋巴结转移度、淋巴结转移数以及淋巴结转移域数均对胸段食管癌患者的5年生存率有显著影响(P0.01);有淋巴结转移患者手术组的5年生存率显著低于手术+放疗组(P0.01),同时术后加行放疗治疗对转移度0、≤20%及转移数≥2枚的患者的5年生存率有显著影响(P0.01)。结论:淋巴结转移是胸段食管癌患者术后效果的重要影响因素,淋巴结转移数0、1、及≥2枚的三级别分类或可更准确地反应胸段食管癌患者淋巴结转移数与5年生存率的关系;术后预防性放疗能提高有淋巴结转移、转移0、≤20%及转移数≥2枚的患者的5年生存率。     

CT 扫描在食管癌淋巴结转移患者预后评估中的应用价值

目的:探讨CT扫描对食管癌淋巴结转移诊断的准确率及CT扫描对预测淋巴结转移患者预后的价值.方法:选择我院收入的行食管癌根治术患者共146例,患者均行CT及腹部彩超,检查者CT及腹部彩超对食管癌淋巴结转移检测的准确率及漏诊率,检测CT淋巴结转移数、CT三分区转移情况及CT最大病变直径等CT检测与食管癌淋巴结转移相关因素.结果:CT淋巴结总检出率显著高于彩超检出率,两组对比差异有统计学意义,P＜0.05.CT检测中胸上段、胸中段总检出率显著高于彩超检出率,结果对比差异有统计学意义,P＜0.05.所有患者自手术日起计算术后1、3年生存率分别为73.3％(107/146)、47.9％( 70/146),CT 转移数≥2枚、CT三分区转移＜2区、CT最大病变直径≤3cm患者术后生存率较高,结果对比差异有统计学意义,P＜0.05.结论:CT对食管癌淋巴结转移诊断率较高,CT转移数、CT三分区转移及CT最大病变直径检测可用于评估患者术后生存率情况.     

经右胸三切口与左胸两切口入路对胸中段食管癌患者手术效果、淋巴结转移和远期预后的影响

摘要 目的：探讨经右胸三切口与左胸两切口入路对胸中段食管癌患者手术效果、淋巴结转移和远期预后的影响。方法：回顾性分析2013年2月~2015年3月期间我院收治的胸中段食管癌患者90例的临床资料,根据入路方式的不同将患者分为A组（n=44,左胸两切口入路）和B组（n=46,右胸三切口入路）,比较两组患者手术效果、淋巴结转移、并发症和远期预后。结果：B组手术时间、住院时间、术后留置胸管时间均长于A组,术中出血量多于A组（P<0.05）。B组淋巴结清扫数多于A组,淋巴结总转移率则低于A组（P<0.05）。两组1年生存率比较差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）;B组3年生存率、5年生存率均高于A组（P<0.05）。两组并发症发生率比较差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论：与左胸两切口入路相比,胸中段食管癌患者选用经右胸三切口入路,虽术中创伤大,术后恢复略慢,但该入路方式在淋巴结转移率、生存率方面有明显改善,且不增加并发症发生率。     

不同术式治疗早期卵巢颗粒细胞瘤的预后分析

目的：探讨不同术式对早期卵巢颗粒细胞瘤初治患者预后的影响。方法：收集2000年1月～2008年12月我院收治的39例早期卵巢颗粒细胞瘤患者的临床资料,分析不同术式对肿瘤复发和预后的影响。结果：39例患者中,行全面分期手术者20例,其中7例仅予盆腔及腹主动脉旁淋巴结活检而未予淋巴结清扫,所有淋巴结术后病理皆提示无淋巴转移;19例行非全面分期手术。随访期间,全面分期手术组皆无复发,而非全面分期手术组4例复发,两组患者术后3年的复发率分别为0和21%,具有统计学差异（P〈0.05）;非全面分期手术组有1例患者于术后29月死亡,死亡年龄为72岁,全面分期手术组无死亡病例,两组患者的死亡率不具有统计学差异（P〉0.05）。结论：原发性卵巢颗粒细胞瘤罕有淋巴结转移,早期卵巢颗粒细胞瘤行全面分期手术对于明确肿瘤分期、治疗及预后有重要意义,而全面分期手术中行盆腔及腹主动脉旁淋巴结清扫对于肿瘤的复发意义有限,初治患者全面分期手术时可不予淋巴清扫。     

多层螺旋CT食管癌术前诊断的临床价值

目的探讨多层螺旋CT在食管癌术前诊断的临床价值。方法对42例食管癌患者采用多层螺旋CT薄层及MPR重建进行诊断,对肿瘤部位,病变影像特点与相邻的部位侵袭、淋巴结转移、远处转移等肿瘤特征进行分析。结果 42例患者中,胸上段、中断、下段等部位的发生例数分别为15例、15例、12例;食管癌患者食管壁多表现为环状增厚或偏心性不规则增厚、肿块,增强中度、明显强化;其中气管、支气管瘘3例,主动脉及心包侵袭11例,胃底侵犯2例;42例患者中病理证实淋巴结转移22例,CT诊断淋巴结转移15例,CT扫描淋巴结阳性检出率68.2%;肺内转移2例,肝脏转移2例。结论多层螺旋CT食管癌术前扫描,可对肿瘤部位、肿瘤分期诊断做出良好的判断,为临床治疗食管癌的手术方案及患者预后评估具有较高的临床应用价值。     

高龄食管下段癌患者两种不同手术路径治疗的临床效果观察

目的：比较高龄食管下段癌患者采用二切口和三切口两种不同手术路径手术治疗的临床效果。方法：回顾性分析高龄食管下段癌患者135例,其中73例患者采用二切口术式,分为A组;62例患者采用三切口术式,分为B组,比较两组患者术中出血量、手术时间、食管切除长度、淋巴结清扫数目及术后并发症、术后死亡率和1年后生存率、生活质量。结果：A组术中出血量、手术时间优于B组;B组食管切除长度、淋巴结清扫数目优于A组;A组术后并发症及死亡率低于B组、术后生活质量优于B组;术后1年生存率两组无显著性差异。结论：高龄食管下段癌患者手术治疗时,应首选二切口术式,可减少术后并发症的发生,并提高术后生活质量。     

高龄食管下段癌患者两种不同手术路径治疗的临床效果观察

目的:比较高龄食管下段癌患者采用二切口和三切口两种不同手术路径手术治疗的临床效果。方法:回顾性分析高龄食管下段癌患者135例,其中73例患者采用二切口术式,分为A组;62例患者采用三切口术式,分为B组,比较两组患者术中出血量、手术时间、食管切除长度、淋巴结清扫数目及术后并发症、术后死亡率和1年后生存率、生活质量。结果:A组术中出血量、手术时间优于B组;B组食管切除长度、淋巴结清扫数目优于A组;A组术后并发症及死亡率低于B组、术后生活质量优于B组;术后1年生存率两组无显著性差异。结论:高龄食管下段癌患者手术治疗时,应首选二切口术式,可减少术后并发症的发生,并提高术后生活质量。     

食管癌术后并发症及其处理

食管癌是我国一种常见的消化道恶性肿瘤,居世界癌症死因第7位,中国癌症死因第4位。其中以中段鳞状细胞癌多见,临床表现以晚期进行性吞咽困难为主,确诊主要以胃镜病理活检为金标准,其治疗方法主要有手术、放疗、化疗及分子靶向治疗等。但目前治疗上仍然以手术为主,术前术后放化疗为辅。然而,随着手术在食管癌治疗中适应症的不断扩大、根治性手术淋巴结的扩大清扫及拥有基础疾病高龄患者的增多,术后并发症的发生率不可避免的随之增加。本文将重点阐述吻合口瘘、吻合口狭窄、呼吸及心血管并发症、乳糜胸、胃排空障碍、膈疝、喉返神经损伤及单纯脓胸、严重腹泻、呕血等食管癌术后常见、严重并发症的病因、临床表现与诊断、治疗及其预防。通过对食管癌术后并发症的充分认识及有效预防,从而对食管癌手术成功率及患者术后生存质量的提高、肿瘤预后的改善起到了重要作用。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.