猪核糖体蛋白基因RPLP0的cDNA全长、染色体定位和多态性分析

RPLP0基因编码酸性核糖体磷蛋白大亚基P0, 是核糖体60S亚基的组成成分之一。从本室构建的猪胚胎骨骼肌cDNA文库中分离得到猪RPLP0基因的全长cDNA,并提交 GenBank 数据库。比较猪 RPLP0 基因和人及小鼠同源基因的cDNA序列和蛋白质序列,结果表明该基因在 3 个物种中具有高的相似性。用 PCR-RFLP 方法在猪 RPLP0基因cDNA 545处检测到 C→A 的单碱基突变,为 Csp6Ⅰ的酶切位点。统计分析结果表明 3 种基因型 (AA,AC,CC)在外来品种杜洛克,大约克, 长白和中国地方品种通城猪,小梅山,玉山猪中的分布各不相同。同时使用体细胞杂种板(SCHP)和辐射杂种板(IMpRH) 对 RPLP0 基因进行染色体定位,该基因被定位于 SSC 14q22-q24 并且和SW1321微卫星标志紧密连锁 (25cR, LOD = 14.54)。     

猪电压依赖性阴离子通道1基因的分离及物理定位

从猪胚胎骨骼肌cDNA文库中筛选出一克隆子,通过测序及电子延伸获得包含全长CDS的猪VDAC1基因cDNA序列。比对发现此基因在核苷酸和氨基酸水平与人及小鼠都具有较高的同源性。应用辐射杂种板(RH)对此基因进行染色体的精确定位,定位结果显示VDAC1基因定位在猪2号染色体长臂。     

利用杂种细胞克隆板将猪CDC16基因定位于11号染色体

运用比较基因组学的方法,根据人的CDC16基因序列设计引物,从大围子猪和宁乡猪基因组DNA分离了CDC16基因内含子4和内含子8（GenBank收录号为AY880670和DQ206823）,通过扩增体细胞杂种克隆板上27个样品和辐射杂种克隆板上118个样品,确定了CDC16基因在猪染色体上的物理位置,首次将CDC16基因物理定位于猪SSC11 q11-17.该基因与微卫星SW1452标记紧密连锁,LOD值为16.08,存留率为22%,在放射杂交图谱上的图距为62 cR.CDC16基因区间定位结果与精细定位结果相一致,也与比较定位结果相一致,进一步验证了猪11号染色体和人13号染色体大部分片段存在同源性,这为该基因的克隆及和功能研究打下坚实基础.     

一个新的猪肌肉组织EST的分离、定位与表达

利用mRNA差异显示技术,从猪骨骼肌组织中分离到一个新的表达序我标签（expressed sequence tag ,EST)ESThp9-1(其GenBan登录号：BI596262）,其序列长196bp,经BLAST程序与GenBank中存在的序列比对后,发现与猪的所有序列无同源性,但与大鼠的U3A核内小RNA基因及小鼠的U3B．4核内小RNA基因同源性分别为87％（93个碱基）和85％（96个碱基）。半定量RT－PCR表明,此EST在猪的多数组织中均有表达。通过体细胞杂种板（somatic cell hybrid panel,SCHP)及辐射杂种板（radiation hybrid panel,RH)分析,EST hp9-1被定位于猪的12号染色体长臂,与微卫星标记S0090连锁。根据同源性比对和物理定痊结果,推测EST hp9-1为猪的U3基因家族中一员。     

猪FSH β亚基基因结构区Alu序列插入突变的研究

通过聚合酶链式反应（PCR）对中国华北型优良地方猪种莱芜猪及杜里猪,长白猪的卵泡刺激素（FSH）β亚基基因结构区插入片段进行扩增,并对0．5kb扩增产物进行克隆和测序,序列分析表明,在已发表的猪FSHβ亚基基因全序列的＋809和＋810碱基之间,莱芜猪,杜里猪和长白猪分别存在一个长度为275,277和274bp的插入片段,插入片段末端的poly(A)分别为17,19和16个腺苷酸,均显著短于高产猪种太湖猪（292bp和32个腺苷酸）,对FSHβ亚基基因插入片段进行BamHI多态性分析,发现本研究所检测样品中不存在BamHI 多态性,插入片段中存在一个RNA聚合酶Ⅲ启动子及AluI内切酶识别位点,所以该睡段可能为Alu成分,因RNA聚合酶Ⅲ这种有功能的内部启动子能够转录相邻的染色体序列,该插入片段可能影响FSHβ亚基基因或其他基因的表达调控,把FSHβ亚基基因作为控制猪产仔数主效基因的候选基因与产仔数进行连锁分析,证明FSHβ基因因座在莱芜猪种中与控制猪产仔数的主效基因紧密连锁,优质基因AA纯合子比BB纯合子母猪平均每胎产仔1．2头,因不同品种猪插入序列的主要差异是末端的poly(A)长短不同,推测该插入片段末端的pol(A)结构亦可能影响猪的产仔数。     

用酵母单杂交系统筛选与人ε—珠蛋白基因表达相关的基因

人体胚胎型ε－珠蛋白基因5‘旁侧一个沉默子（－392－－177bp）对关闭该基因在胎儿期的表达起重要作用。DNaseⅠ足谠法分析已表明在沉默子区内存在着一个明显的蛋白质因子结合位点（－278－－235bp）。为了筛选与沉默子DNA特异结合的蛋白质因子,将该保护区域的DNA序列作为靶序列,采用酵母单杂交系统对人胎儿肝cDNA表达文库进行筛选,并对获得的克隆进行序列分析。初步的结果表明,已分离到了人核糖体大亚基蛋白3(ribosomal protein L3,RPL3）的全长cDNA克隆。体外凝胶电泳阻抑分析及竞争实验亦证明该蛋白质与沉默子DNA存在相互作用。提示RPL3可能通过与沉默子DNA的结合参与调节ε－珠蛋白基因的关闭。     

东北虎促卵泡激素和促黄体激素基因的克隆及其序列分析

本研究首次从东北虎（Panthea tigris altaica)脑垂体提取总RNA,利用RT－PCR技术扩增出东北虎垂体促性腺激素α亚基,促卵泡激素（FSH）β亚基和促黄体激素（LH）β亚基的编码区序列,并进行克隆,测序和比较分析。结果表明,其α亚基,FSHβ亚基,LHβ亚基基因的开放阅读框分别为363bp,390bp和420bp,分别编码120,129和142氨基酸的前体蛋白。与已发表的人,牛,绵羊,猪,大鼠,小鼠等物种相应序列比较,无论在核苷酸水平,还是在氨基酸水平都显示出较高的同源性（64．7％－96．6％）,其中与猪的同源性最高（86％－96．6％）。东北虎的基因序列还具有其明显的特异性,首次发现LHβ亚基cDNA编码的前体蛋白在信号肽部分比其它物种相应序列多一个亮氨酸残基（Leu)。     

核糖体蛋白RPL15 cDNA序列在真骨鱼类系统进化研究中的价值 &

应用RT-PCR, 从真骨总目（Teleostei）5目15种鱼类中首次克隆了核糖体大亚基蛋白L15 (RPL15, ribosomal protein L15) 的完整cDNA序列。以海鲢形亚组（Elopomorpha）的鳗鲡作为外类群, 对这些真骨鱼类的核糖体蛋白L15 cDNA序列进行了系统发育分析, 结果表明: (1)RPL15基因在真骨鱼类等许多真核生物进化中高度保守; (2)系统树中各物种之间的关系与形态分类一致。RPL15编码区适合于真骨鱼类目以上分类阶元的分子系统学研究。      

大熊猫核糖体蛋白S11亚基基因(RPS11)cDNA的克隆及序列分析

RPS11是核糖体小亚基40S的组成部分,由RPS11基因所编码,属于核糖体蛋白S17p家族,主要存在于真核生物中.为了解大熊猫核糖体蛋白亚基RPS11基因的结构特点及其与已报道的人和其他哺乳动物核糖体蛋白亚基RPS11 基因的异同,本研究根据已报道的部分哺乳动物核糖体蛋白S11亚基基因(RPS11)的相关信息设计引物,运用RT-PCR 技术从大熊猫的肌肉组织总RNA中成功克隆了核糖体蛋白亚基RPS11基因,并进行了测序和序列分析.结果表明:大熊猫RPS11亚基基因的开放阅读框(ORF)长为477 bp,编码158 个氨基酸的蛋白质,该蛋白的相对分子量为18.4275 kDa,pI为10.96.拓扑预测显示该蛋白含有14个功能位点:即2 个N-糖基化位点,6个蛋白激酶C磷酸化位点,4个酪蛋白激酶Ⅱ磷酸化位点,1个酪氨酸激酶磷酸化位点和1个核糖体蛋白S17 signature位点.进一步分析发现,大熊猫RPS11基因与已报道的部分哺乳动物的表达序列及其编码的氨基酸序列都具有很高的相似性.本研究结果为丰富和完善哺乳动物RPS11基因资源库提供了基础资料.     

山猪群体钙调蛋白酶抑制蛋白基因遗传变异研究

目的：研究猪钙调蛋白酶抑制蛋白（CAST）基因在山猪群体的遗传变异情况,为山猪肉质研究奠定基础。方法：应用PCR-SSCP技术和测序方法检测山猪及其杂种猪CAST基因的遗传多态性,并与其他品种猪相应序列进行比较。结果：用pCT1引物在山猪及其杂种群体中检测到2个多态位点（A,B）,用pCT2引物检测到3个多态位点（C,D,E）;序列分析表明,C和E位点共同拥有6处变异。结论：通过与其他猪品种比较,发现山猪的CASTMsp基因型分布与梅山猪的基因型分布完全一样,而与国外品种猪的基因型分布差异明显。     

The validation of housekeeping genes as a reference in quantitative Real Time PCR analysis : Application in the milk somatic cells and frozen whole blood of goats infected with caprine arthritis encephalitis virus

The validation of housekeeping genes (HKGs) for normalization of RNA expression in Real-Time PCR is crucial to obtain the most reliable results. There is limited information on reference genes used in the study of gene expression in milk somatic cells and the frozen whole blood of goats. Thus, the aim of this study was to propose the most stable housekeeping genes that can be used as a reference in Real-Time PCR analysis of milk somatic cells and whole blood of goats infected with caprine arthritis encephalitis virus (CAEV). Animals were divided into two groups: non-infected (N = 13) and infected with CAEV (N = 13). Biological material (milk somatic cells and whole blood) was collected 4 times during the lactation period (7, 30, 100 and 240 days post-partum). The expression levels of candidate reference genes were analyzed using geNorm and NormFinder software. The stability of candidates for reference gene expression was analyzed for CAEV-free (control) and CAEV-infected groups, and also for both groups together (combined group). The stability of expression of β-actin (ACTB), glyceraldehyde-3P-dehydrogenase (GAPDH), cyclophilin A (PPIA), RNA18S1, ubiquilin (UBQLN1) and ribosomal protein large subunit P0 (RPLP0) was determined in milk somatic cells, while ACTB, PPIA, RPLP0, succinate dehydrogenase complex subunit A (SDHA), zeta polypeptide (YWHAZ), battenin (CLN3), eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3K (EIF3K) and TATA box-binding protein (TBP) were measured in frozen whole blood of goats. PPIA and RPLP0 were considered as the most suitable internal controls as they were stably expressed in milk somatic cells regardless of disease status, according to NormFinder software. Furthermore, geNorm results indicated the expression of PPIA/RPLP0 genes as the best combination under these experimental conditions. The results of frozen whole blood analysis using NormFinder software revealed that the most stable reference gene in control, CAEV-infected and combined groups is YWHAZ, and – according to the geNorm results – the combined expression of PPM/YWHAZ genes is the best reference in the presented experiment. The usefulness in gene expression analysis of whole blood samples frozen immediately in liquid nitrogen and stored at -80 °C was also proved.     

cDNA cloning and overexpression of acidic ribosomal phosphoprotein P1 gene (RPLP1) from the giant panda

RPLP1 is one of acidic ribosomal phosphoproteins encoded by RPLP1 gene, which plays an important role in the elongation step of protein synthesis. The cDNA of RPLP1 was cloned successfully for the first time from the Giant Panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) using RT-PCR technology, which was also sequenced, analyzed preliminarily and expressed in E.coli. The cDNA fragment cloned is 449bp in size, containing an open reading frame of 344bp encoding 114 amino acids. Alignment analysis indicated that the nucleotide sequence and the deduced amino acid sequence are highly conserved to other five species studied, including Homo sapiens, Mus musculus, Rattus norvegicus, Bos Taurus and Sus scrofa. The homologies for nucleotide sequences of Giant Panda PPLP1 to that of these species are 92.4%, 89.8%, 89.0%, 91.3% and 87.5%, while the homologies for amino acid sequences are 96.5%, 94.7%, 95.6%, 96.5% and 88.6%. Topology prediction showed there are three Casein kinase II phosphorylation sites and two N-myristoylation sites in the RPLP1 protein of the Giant Panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca). The RPLP1 gene was overexpressed in E. coli and the result indicated that RPLP1 fusion with the N-terminally His-tagged form gave rise to the accumulation of an expected 18kDa polypeptide, which was in accordance with the predicted protein and could also be used to purify the protein and study its function.     

Cloning, mapping and association study with carcass traits of the porcine SDHD gene

A 1320-bp cDNA containing the full coding region of the porcine succinate dehydrogenase complex, subunit D (SDHD) gene was obtained by random sequencing of clones from a Chinese Tongcheng pig 55-day fetal longissimus dorsi muscle cDNA library. Analysis of the SDHD gene across the INRA-University of Minnesota porcine radiation hybrid panel indicated close linkage with microsatellite marker SW2401, located on SSC9p21. The open reading frame of this cDNA covers 480 bp and encodes 159 amino acids. The deduced porcine amino acid sequence showed greater similarity with human and bovine protein sequences than with those from mouse and rat. The BLAST analysis of the porcine SDHD to NCBI identified Unigene Cluster Ssc.2586. Possible single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) were identified by alignment of expressed sequence tags in the cluster. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) single strand conformation polymorphism, sequencing, and PCR restriction fragment length polymorphism were used to confirm and detect a synonymous polymorphic MboI site within the open-reading frame. Allele frequencies of this SNP were investigated in two commercial and five Chinese local pig breeds. These five Chinese breeds had very high frequencies for one allele, whereas frequencies of both alleles were intermediate in Large White and Duroc. An association analysis suggested that different SDHD genotypes have significant differences in loin-muscle area (P < 0.01).     

Coding and 3' non-coding nucleotide sequence of chalcone synthase mRNA and assignment of amino acid sequence of the enzyme

The nucleotide sequence of an almost complete cDNA copy of chalcone synthase mRNA from cultured parsley cells (Petroselinum hortense) has been determined. The cDNA copy comprised the complete coding sequence for chalcone synthase, a short A-rich stretch of the 5' non-coding region and the complete 3' non-coding region including a poly(A) tail. The amino acid sequence deduced from the nucleotide sequence of the cDNA is consistent with a partial N-terminal sequence analysis, the total amino acid composition, the cyanogen bromide cleavage pattern, and the apparent mol. wt. of the subunit of the purified enzyme.     

Reference gene selection for quantitative real-time PCR normalization: Application in the caprine mammary gland

In dairy animals, gene expression analysis has become increasing key to understand the biological processes occurring in mammary gland development that shape future milk potential. Selecting high-stability reference genes is crucial to interpret real-time qPCR data. This study investigated the expression stability of five top-ranked candidate reference genes in the goat mammary gland through three assays comparing different experimental conditions (physiological states, sample types and experimental treatments). The expression stability of genes including β-actin, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, 18S rRNA, cyclophilin A and ribosomal protein large P0 was analyzed. Normalization for each experimental condition expression data revealed a different reference gene. Nevertheless, in our various assays, genes encoding for ribosomal proteins, 18S rRNA and RPLP0 presented the best expression stability. This result has been confirmed using a combined analysis of stability on the three assays. All genes showed the same distribution within and among the three assays and a different distribution between Ct variability and GeNorm normalization. In addition, the application on Catenin B1 expression using an inappropriate reference gene confirmed erroneous variations in interpretation. To conclude, there is no single ideal reference gene for caprine mammary gland studies and we recommend using a panel of top-ranked reference genes, including RPLP0, at the beginning of each experiment to validate the most stable(s) gene(s).