文山松毛虫质型多角体病毒杀虫剂的研制

报道了文山松毛虫质型多角体病毒杀虫剂的研制,包括多角体的纯化、辅助剂的筛选、剂型研制、产品包装以及病毒杀虫剂的产品质量检测及生产等.该杀虫剂为乳剂,多角体浓度达2.5×109PIB/mL;所选辅助剂取材方便、容易配制,对环境没有污染.经安全检测证明,无致病菌,符合国家卫生标准,对试验动物小白鼠无毒性和致病性.生物测定用1×106PIB/mL感染2龄文山松毛虫幼虫,其死亡率平均为85.5%.     

根据中肠病变程度估计松毛虫CPV产量和采收时机

将感染质型多角体病毒的松毛虫中肠分为四种类型 ,研究各型所占比例与病毒产量间的关系 ,结果显示单位虫重的病毒产量随Ⅰ、Ⅱ类比例的增大而增高 ,Ⅰ、Ⅱ类比例为 2 1% - 80 %时 ,每公斤虫的病毒产量为 5.59× 10 10 PIB - 55.2 1× 10 10 PIB ,适宜的采收时机为Ⅰ、Ⅱ类比例为 60 % -80 %时 ,此时采收 ,每公斤虫可产出质型多角体病毒 37.2 1× 10 10 PIB～ 55.2 1× 10 10 PIB     

粘虫核型多角体病毒在同源寄主细胞系内复制的研究

对MsNPV在同源寄主细胞系NEAU Ms 94 7311内复制进行了研究。结果表明 ,接种MsNPV后 72h ,细胞核内开始有成熟的多角体形成 ,病毒接种后 2 4 0h感染率最大 ,达 36.2 % ,至2 64h多角体完全成熟 ,达 2 5.0PIB/感染细胞。病毒增殖曲线表明 ,接毒后 2 4h在培养基中开始检测出MsNPV NOV ,2 4 0h滴度达最大值 ,为 6.32× 10 5TCID50 /mL。病毒连续传代至第 7代或第 8代以后 ,其感染率、病毒滴度及多角体产量均有显著下降。     

应用马尾松毛虫质型多角体病毒防治松毛虫的研究

马尾松毛虫(Dendrolimus punctatus walker)是我国南方松林的主要害虫。1974年,在广州市郊龙洞地区采集到马尾松毛虫质型多角体病毒(DPCPV),多角体呈六边形的廿面体,大小为0.5至6微米。病毒粒子廿面体,直径为42—56毫微米。经过十年的研究证实,DPCPV致病力高,对3—4龄幼虫的LC_(50)为2.5×10~5PIB/ml;林间防治试验四万余亩,平均杀虫率达70％以上;持效控制作用达5—6年;应用技术简便,可用松毛虫幼虫生产病毒,成本低;对脊椎动物无病原性及致畸作用。为防治马尾松毛虫提供了一种有效的生物防治手段。     

影响DpCPV杀虫剂高产条件的研究

DpCPV杀虫剂的产量不仅受到气候、环境等因素的影响,而且严重受到生产工艺技术水平的制约.针对DpCPV杀虫剂生产过程中工艺技术问题,我们对马尾松毛虫质型多角体病毒湖南株在室内、室外和林间大量增殖中的集虫虫质、接种浓度、频率、收获时间等及其相互间的关系进行了详细研究,得出在DpCPV杀虫剂生产过程中接种1×107CPB/mL病毒浓度为宜,接种虫龄以4～5龄虫为宜,收获病毒时间13～14d为宜.其室外单虫病毒产量平均可达到7.5×108CPB,比国内报道要高.研究结果对DpCPV杀虫剂的高产增殖有很强的指导意义.     

灰茶尺蛾核型多角体病毒大田防治条件的探索

为了经济有效地在大田应用EgNPV防治灰茶尺蛾 ,在室内进行EgNPV的毒力测定 ,试验表明致死中量LC50 为 1.13× 10 6PIB/mL ,90 %的致死量为 1.83× 10 7PIB/mL ,在 95%置信范围内 ,上限为 1.96× 10 7PIB/mL ,下限为 1.7× 10 7PIB/mL。用 2× 10 7PIB/mL浓度对不同龄期幼虫的感染试验表明 ,1 2龄效果最好 ,达 90 %以上。不同世代感染试验表明 :第 2、3、4、7代防治效果较好 ,高达 90 %以上 ,而第 5、6代效果不好 ,因此病毒增殖与大田防治工作应尽量避免在高温 ,干旱季节进行。另外探讨了适用大田防治的病毒增殖方法。     

影响DpCPV杀虫剂高产条件的研究

DpCPV杀虫剂的产量不仅受到气候、环境等因素的影响,而且严重受到生产工艺技术水平的制约。针对DpCPV杀虫剂生产过程中工艺技术问题,我们对马尾松毛虫质型多角体病毒湖南株在室内、室外和林间大量增殖中的集虫虫质、接种浓度、频率、收获时间等及其相互间的关系进行了详细研究,得出在DpCPV杀虫剂生产过程中接种1×10~7CPB/mL病毒浓度为宜,接种虫龄以4～5龄虫为宜,收获病毒时间13～14d为宜。其室外单虫病毒产量平均可达到7.5×10~8CPB,比国内报道要高。研究结果对DpCPV杀虫剂的高产增殖有很强的指导意义。     

荧光增白剂Tinopal LPW对蜀柏毒蛾核型多角体病毒增效作用研究

用1%TinopalLPW荧光增白剂作为蜀柏毒蛾核型多角体病毒增效剂对蜀柏毒蛾2龄幼虫进行室内毒力测定,结果表明1%Tinonal LPW对Parocneria orienta NPV有较强的增效作用.使用3.6×1011PIB/hm2+1%TinopalLPW、1.8×1011PIB/hm2+ 1%TinopalLPW、9.0×1010PIB/hm2+1%TinopalLPW和3.6×1011PIB/hm2、1.8×1011PIB/hm2、9.0×1010PIB/hm26种处理对林间越冬代2-3龄幼虫进行超低容量喷雾防治,结果表明除9.0×1010PIB /hm2+1%TinopalLPW 表现出显著的增效作用外,其余剂量有增效作用但不显著.     

松毛虫质型多角体病毒的宿主域与交叉感染

自1956年从赤松毛虫Dendrolimus spectabilis上首次发现赤松毛虫质型多角体病毒1型（D. spectabilis cytovirus 1,DsCPV-1）以来,先后从马尾松毛虫D. punctatus、油松毛虫D. tabulaeformis、赤松毛虫、德昌松毛虫D. p. tehchangensis、文山松毛虫D. p. Wenshangensis和落叶松毛虫D. superans上发现了质型多角体病毒(cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus,CPV)。病毒基因组dsRNA电泳图谱分析表明,这些松毛虫CPV的不同分离株均属于质型多角体病毒1型（cytovirus 1）。这些松毛虫CPV病毒可以感染鳞翅目10科35种昆虫,其中对多种昆虫具有很高的感染力和良好的杀虫效果,可以从中筛选替代宿主生产松毛虫CPV杀虫剂,用于害虫生物防治。松毛虫CPV接种某些昆虫后病毒的基因组dsRNA电泳图谱发生了改变,可能是异源病毒诱发了宿主自身潜伏型病毒的感染复制。     

粉纹夜蛾颗粒体病毒重组增效蛋白的增效作用

采用时间 剂量 死亡率模型 ,分析了粉纹夜蛾 (Trichoplusiani)颗粒体病毒重组增效蛋白P96对棉铃虫 (Helicoverpaarmigera)核型多角体病毒 (HaNPV)感染棉铃虫幼虫的增效作用。结果显示 :感染后 11d ,HaNPV P96组的LC50 值为 3.4 7× 10 3 多角体 /mL ,比HaNPV组 ( 3.89× 10 4 多角体 /mL)降低了 91.0 8% ;在 1.6× 10 4 ～ 1.6× 10 6多角体 /mL浓度范围内 ,HaNPV P96组的LT50 值较HaNPV组缩短 0 .3～ 1.8d。P96显著提高了HaNPV对棉铃虫幼虫的毒力     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.