荧光增白剂Tinopal LPW对蜀柏毒蛾核型多角体病毒增效作用研究

用1%TinopalLPW荧光增白剂作为蜀柏毒蛾核型多角体病毒增效剂对蜀柏毒蛾2龄幼虫进行室内毒力测定,结果表明1%TinonalLPW对ParocneriaorientaNPV有较强的增效作用。使用3.6×1011PIB/hm2 1%TinopalLPW、1.8×1011PIB/hm2 1%TinopalLPW、9.0×1010PIB/hm2 1%TinopalLPW和3.6×1011PIB/hm2、1.8×1011PIB/hm2、9.0×1010PIB/hm26种处理对林间越冬代2-3龄幼虫进行超低容量喷雾防治,结果表明除9.0×1010PIB/hm2 1%TinopalLPW表现出显著的增效作用外,其余剂量有增效作用但不显著。     

荧光增白剂UBL对蜀柏毒蛾核型多角体病毒增效作用研究

用1%UBL荧光增效剂作为蜀柏毒蛾核型多角体病毒的增效剂,对蜀柏毒蛾2龄幼虫进行室内毒力测定,结果表明1%UBL对Parocneria orienta NPV有较强的增效作用。     

蜀柏毒蛾生物学特性及防治

1990～1991年,作者在四川平昌县对蜀柏毒蛾生物学特性及防治进行了调查研究。结果如下：蜀柏毒蛾在四川1年发生2代,以幼虫越冬;常年以越冬代的5、6龄幼虫危害较重,危害盛期从5月上旬至6月上旬,林间高温干旱气候和天敌种类及数量的锐减是导致蜀柏毒蛾猖獗的主要因素;提出以科学营林增加灭敌种类和数量的营林防治和生物防治为主的综合防治措施。     

茶尺蠖病毒杀虫剂田间使用技术的研究

茶尺蠖病毒杀虫剂应在每年茶尺蠖第1、2代和第5、6代的1～2龄幼虫期使用.在7.5×109 ～ 15.0×109 PIB/hm2的使用剂量下,幼虫期的防治效果可达98%以上.采用不同的喷雾器、不同的用水量及不同的喷施方式喷施,对防治效果无影响.但挑治和丛面喷施可大幅度节约防治成本费.     

体外组织培养增殖的油桐尺蠖核型多角体病毒毒力的生物测定

活体增殖和体外组织培养增殖的BsNPV悬液稀释成不同浓度,分别喷于人工饲料上,使其自然渗入饲料内,接3龄幼虫取食感染,感染剂量与幼虫死亡率的回归直线方程分别为;y=3.1815+0.679x和y=3.2000+0.665x,由回归直线方程推算的LD_(50)值及95％置信界限为4.0753×10~2[9.6075×10~2][1.7301×10~2]PIB/克饲料及5.0898×10~2[1.2411×10~3][2.0874×10~2]PIB/克饲料。感染剂量为4×10~5PIB/克饲料的LT_(50)值分别为4.7168天和4.8083天。比较两种来源的BsNPV,其多角体的感染力无明显差异。     

灰茶尺蛾核型多角体病毒大田防治条件的探索

为了经济有效地在大田应用EgNPV防治灰茶尺蛾 ,在室内进行EgNPV的毒力测定 ,试验表明致死中量LC50 为 1.13× 10 6PIB/mL ,90 %的致死量为 1.83× 10 7PIB/mL ,在 95%置信范围内 ,上限为 1.96× 10 7PIB/mL ,下限为 1.7× 10 7PIB/mL。用 2× 10 7PIB/mL浓度对不同龄期幼虫的感染试验表明 ,1 2龄效果最好 ,达 90 %以上。不同世代感染试验表明 :第 2、3、4、7代防治效果较好 ,高达 90 %以上 ,而第 5、6代效果不好 ,因此病毒增殖与大田防治工作应尽量避免在高温 ,干旱季节进行。另外探讨了适用大田防治的病毒增殖方法。     

甜菜夜蛾增殖马尾松毛虫质型多角体病毒防治应用研究

【目的】研究替代寄主甜菜夜蛾Spodopteraexigua增殖的Se-DpCPV及其复合剂对马尾松毛虫Dendrolimus punctatus的防治效果,为进一步研究马尾松毛虫林间大规模防治提供依据。【方法】在室内利用接种不同浓度病毒的松针饲喂马尾松毛虫幼虫,比较替代寄主增殖的Se-DpCPV和野生型Dp CPV毒力能力以及Se-DpCPV对不同龄期马尾松毛虫幼虫毒力水平;同时,在林间利用固定翼植保无人机喷洒不同浓度Dp CPV及其复合剂,测定各组对第1代马尾松毛虫幼虫的防治效果。【结果】甜菜夜蛾增殖的Se-DpCPV和野生型Dp CPV对马尾松毛虫幼虫具有同样的感染致病能力,对马尾松毛虫3龄幼虫半数致死浓度LC50分别为4.73×103PIB/m L和3.36×103PIB/m L,二者毒力差异性不显著(P=0.107>0.05)。Se-DpCPV对马尾松毛虫2-5龄各龄幼虫半数致死浓度LC50分别为2.03×103、4.73×103、1.05×104、3.85×104 PIB/mL。当Se-DpCPV林间用量分别为375亿、750亿和1500亿PIB/hm2时,Se-DpCPV+3.2%阿维菌素复合剂防治组马尾松毛虫校正死亡率为86.05%、90.70%和94.19%,对马尾松毛虫的林间防治效果显著高于Se-DpCPV+25%灭幼脲复合剂(66.28%、72.09%和79.07%)和Se-DpCPV(59.30%、63.95%和70.93%)。活虫Dp CPV感染率最低为80.00%,最高可达93.33%。Se-DpCPV与3.2%阿维菌素、25%灭幼脲复配,比单独使用两种药剂防治效果至少分别提高17.45%和33.72%。【结论】在林间马尾松毛虫大暴发时,在马尾松毛虫3龄以下幼虫期,使用Dp CPV+3.2%阿维菌素复合剂(750亿PIB/hm2,7.5 mL/hm2)在短时间内迅速降低虫口基数,同时起到持续控制的效果。     

绿原酸提高舞毒蛾核型多角体病毒(LdNPV)的致病力

【目的】明确绿原酸(chlorogenic acid,CA)对舞毒蛾核型多角体病毒Lymantria dispar necleopolyhydrovirus(Ld NPV)致病力的影响,为舞毒蛾的防治提供参考依据。【方法】采用食料给毒法进行生物测定,测定舞毒蛾2龄幼虫对单独Ld NPV及添加绿原酸的Ld NPV(CA+Ld NPV)的剂量及致死时间响应。【结果】CA+Ld NPV与单独Ld NPV对舞毒蛾2龄幼虫的剂量及时间响应间有显著差异,二者对舞毒蛾2龄幼虫的致死中浓度(LC50)分别为161.8 OBs/μL(95%的置信区间为105.6~235.3 OBs/μL)和264.4 OBs/μL(95%的置信区间为178.6~384.0 OBs/μL),前者对舞毒蛾的致病力较后者强。CA+Ld NPV对舞毒蛾2龄幼虫的致死中时间(LT_(50))较Ld NPV的短,当Ld NPV浓度为590 OBs/μL,CA+Ld NPV及Ld NPV对舞毒蛾2龄幼虫的LT_(50)分别为9.9 d和12.3 d;当Ld NPV浓度为5 900 OBs/μL时,则LT_(50)分别为6.9 d和8.0 d。绿原酸降低了Ld NPV对舞毒蛾幼虫的致死中浓度,缩短了致死中时间。【结论】绿原酸可提高Ld NPV对舞毒蛾2龄幼虫的致病力,其机理有待进一步研究。     

蜀柏毒蛾生殖行为及性信息素产生与释放节律

为了探索蜀柏毒蛾Parocneria orienta Chao性信息素产生和释放规律, 为利用性信息素监测和防治蜀柏毒蛾奠定基础, 本研究在野外及室内温度22±1℃、 相对湿度75%~80%、 光周期14L∶10D条件下观察研究了蜀柏毒蛾成虫的羽化、 求偶、 交尾、 产卵行为, 触角电位反应测定处女雌蛾性信息素产生与释放的时辰节律。结果表明： 蜀柏毒蛾羽化行为全天可见, 主要集中在1:00-5:00, 占总羽化量的44.94%, 7:30-11:00进行婚飞和交尾, 交尾高峰期出现在8:30左右, 交配时间少则2 h, 多则8 h, 求偶、 交配均发生在光期。随着日龄的增加, 召唤时间前移并且延长, 1日龄的处女雌蛾交尾时间较短; 雌蛾羽化当天就可交尾, 2日龄雌蛾交尾率最高, 达36.67%。雌蛾分多处产卵, 雌蛾一生最高产卵量达402粒, 最低产卵量为78粒。羽化当天的雌蛾体内性信息素含量较低, 第2天最高, 以后逐日下降; 2日龄蜀柏毒蛾处女雌蛾性信息素的产生量从7:00起逐渐增加, 8:30-9:30时最高, 9:30后逐渐减小。雄蛾对处女雌蛾腺体提取物的触角电位反应在8:30-9:00最强, 说明8:30-9:00是雌蛾产生和释放性信息素的高峰期。蜀柏毒蛾的羽化、 求偶、 交尾及性信息素的产生与释放存在一定的时辰节律, 野外处女雌蛾诱蛾试验证实了性信息素释放与交配行为在时辰节律上的一致性。     

茶尺蠖病毒杀虫剂田间使用技术的研究

茶尺蠖病毒杀虫剂应在每年茶尺蠖第1、2代和第5、6代的1～2龄幼虫期使用。在7.5×10~9～15.0×10~9PIB/hm~2的使用剂量下,幼虫期的防治效果可达98％以上。采用不同的喷雾器、不同的用水量及不同的喷施方式喷施,对防治效果无影响。但挑治和丛面喷施可大幅度节约防治成本费。     

音乐治疗效应的动物实验研究

近年来国内外关于音乐治疗效应的动物实验研究认为：音乐能影响动物的情绪;音乐还对动物的免疫功能、学习及记忆能力、以及动物的神经系统结构和功能等均有一定影响。该领域的研究有利于深入探索音乐疗法的作用机理。     

Time on task effects on safety

Reviewing the literature on time on task effects on safety shows contradictory evidence, especially with regard to 12 h shifts. It is argued that this might depend on methodological problems associated with the analysis of accident data, e.g. selectivity of samples, validity of data bases and study designs, especially for analyses at the company level. Analyses of aggregated data seem to indicate an exponential increase of accident risk with time on task beyond the normal working day. This is supported by some recent studies based on data from the Federal Republic of Germany.     

Perspectives on hair evolution based on some comparative studies on vertebrate cornification

Hair evolution contributed to the biological success of mammals. Hair origin from synapsid scales is speculative and requires extensive modifications of the morphogenetic process transforming lens-shaped dermis of scales into small dermal papillae in hair. Hair evolution from glands is hypothetical but is supported from studies on the signaling control of hair vs. glandular morphogenesis. Based on immunocytochemical and comparative studies, it is hypothesized that the onion-like organization of hair derived from glandular pegs which central part produced lipids and some keratin. In a following stage, involucrin, trichohyalin, and keratins were produced in the central cells of the gland and formed a solid medulla surrounded by keratinocytes of the inner root sheath. The origin of this protohair was possibly related to increased concentration of beta-catenin and other signaling molecules in epithelial cells following the evolution of a dermal papilla. The latter activated the keratogenic genes, already utilized in cells of the claws, in concentric layers of cells of the glandular peg. Lipidogenic genes were depressed. As new genes evolved in the genome of synapsids, new circular layers of keratinocytes containing specialized hard keratins and keratin-associated proteins were formed around medullary cells. The new keratinocytes probably originated the cortex separating medulla from the external cells that became the inner root sheath. The hypothesis indicates that in a following stage, the medulla was obliterated or replaced by cortical cells while the external part of the cortex formed a cuticular surface due to the different growth rate with inner root sheath cells.     

Studies on Biosynthesis on Biotin by Microorganisms

The accumulation of biotin-vitamers in the culture media of a large number of microorganisms (about 700 strains) was studied. The contents of the biotin-vitamers were quantitatively determined by microbiological assays with Lactobacillus arabinosus and Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

It was found that large amounts of biotin-vitamers were accumulated by various microorganisms such as Streptomyces, molds and bacteria, and that the yield of biotin-vitamers was enhanced by the addition of pimelic acid or azelaic acid to the media. It was also found that the main portion of the vitamers accumulated by many microorganisms did not support the growth of Lactobacillus arabinosus, while it did support that of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The small amounts of true biotin were observed in the culture media of various Streptomyces and molds, but hardly in the culture media of bacteria.

The identification of biotin-vitamers accumulated by various microorganisms is described, and the distribution of the vitamers in microorganisms is also described.

The results presented in this paper show that the main component of the vitamers accumulated by many microorganisms is identified as desthiobiotin by anion exchange column chromatography, paper chromatography and chemical analysis. Small amounts of fraction B (unidentified vitamers) and Fraction D (biotin) were also detected in the culture media of various molds and Streptomyces. However, these fractions were not observed in the culture media of any bacteria tested.

It was also found that large amounts of an unknown biotin-vitamer was accumulated by various bacteria. The vitamer was avidin-uncombinable, and, from the paper electrophoretic studies, it was assumed that the vitamer might be an analogue of pelargonic acid.