间作模式下冬小麦与春玉米根系的时空分布规律

采用大口径土钻对间作种植模式下冬小麦与春玉米根系进行取样,分析了两种作物根系的空间分布及动态变化规律．结果表明：间作冬小麦根系在空间上呈幂函数递减规律,间作春玉米根系呈指数递减规律．采用多元线性回归建立间作冬小麦和春玉米根系质量密度（R）的二维空间分布函数,经验证,两种作物根系质量密度的二维分布函数均可反映作物根系的实际生长状况．     

不同栽培模式对茶园生态环境及茶叶品质的影响

对陕南茶区的纯茶园、塑料大棚茶园、松茶间作茶园及林篱茶园4种常见栽培模式的茶园生态环境(包括小气候因子、土壤因子)和茶叶中各项生化指标(包括氨基酸、咖啡碱、茶多酚、酚氨比、茶水浸出物)进行了测定.结果表明:不同栽培模式茶园小气候因子有显著差异.相对于纯茶园,塑料大棚茶园、松茶间作茶园和林篱茶园能更有效地改善光照条件、降低环境温度、提高土壤水分和有机质含量、增强空气湿度,提高土壤养分状况.3种复合式茶园茶叶品质也较纯茶园显著提高,氨基酸和茶水浸出物含量显著高于纯茶园茶叶,而茶多酚含量却显著低于纯茶园茶叶.因此,林茶复合栽培模式和大棚模式茶园的生态环境更有利于茶树的生长和茶叶品质的提高.     

松茶间作茶树叶片的解剖构造和气孔活动

本文利用光镜技术和MK-3型自动气孔计对松茶间作和单作茶园茶树叶片的解剖构造和气孔传导力进行了比较研究。研究表明,间作茶园茶树叶片的上表皮、栅拦组织和全叶均比单作茶树薄,分别为单作茶树的82.7％,78.2％和67.2％,叶质柔嫩。叶片气孔传导力比单作茶园低。嫩叶传导力>老叶;1芽5叶新梢按叶序3叶>2、4叶>1、5叶;按树冠垂直分布,冠上叶(0—5cm)>冠中叶(10—15cm)>冠下叶(30cm左右)。说明气孔传导力不仅受生态条件影响,与自身的叶龄、叶位等生理机能也有密切关系。     

茶园间作柑桔杨梅或吊瓜对叶蝉及蜘蛛类群数量和空间格局的影响

为评价茶园间作几种常见经济作物对重要害虫假眼小绿叶蝉及其主要天敌蜘蛛类群数量和空间格局的影响,遂选乌牛早品种纯茶园、乌牛早分别与柑桔、杨梅和吊瓜的间作茶园、以及安吉白茶与吊瓜间作茶园,2007年9月上旬—2008年12月下旬,每旬1次调查茶丛上、中、下层叶蝉和各种蜘蛛的数量。结果表明:(1)与纯茶园相比,间作茶园叶蝉种群数量和蜘蛛类群个体数量显著地增加,间作茶园蜘蛛种数显著地增加;(2)间作茶园茶丛上、中、下层叶蝉、蜘蛛个体数量分布明显区别于纯茶园茶丛上、中、下层叶蝉、蜘蛛个体数量分布;(3)茶丛上层的嫩梢是制作高档茶的原料,而纯茶园茶丛上层叶蝉虫口百分率为54.16%,间作茶园茶丛上层叶蝉虫口百分率皆减小,并且叶蝉高峰期间蜘蛛的跟随效应增强;(4)间作增加了经济收入并减少了防治次数。认为:(1)间作可在一定程度上调控叶蝉种群、蜘蛛类群的数量和空间格局;(2)间作可减轻叶蝉为害造成的产值损失,增强了茶园群落对于叶蝉的自然控制潜能。     

不同管理模式对茶树碳氮磷含量及其生态化学计量比的影响

植物不同器官的碳(C)、氮(N)、磷(P)含量及其生态化学计量特征能够反映植物内部的养分分配与平衡关系。该研究以福建安溪3种不同管理模式的铁观音茶园为研究对象, 设置了常规管理模式下的茶园(M1)、间作套种模式下的茶园(M2)和现代技术管理模式下的茶园(M3) 3种样地, 分析茶树根、茎、叶器官的C、N、P含量及其化学计量学特征, 养分的变异特征与异速生长关系。结果表明: M2和M3管理模式下茶树根、茎、叶N、P含量均显著高于M1管理模式, C含量差异不明显; 茶树根、茎、叶C:N、C:P、N:P均表现为M1 > M2 > M3。茶树不同器官C、N、P含量差异较大, 根据变异来源分析, 管理模式因素对C、N、P含量变异的影响均达到显著水平。根茎叶N-P的异速生长关系表明茶树不同器官的养分需求存在相似性; 土壤pH和容重是影响C:N、C:P、N:P的重要因素, 而土壤含水量和盐度对茶树根和叶C含量的影响较大。总体来讲, 间作套种以及现代化滴灌、水肥等管理模式可以改善茶树对养分的吸收效率, 对解决土壤养分不均衡问题具有正面效应。     

茶园杉木防护林带生态效应的研究

茶树在系统发育过程中,形成了喜荫、喜温、喜湿的特性。单一茶园种植的茶树处于阳光的直射状态,光温条件不适合茶树生长发育的要求,茶树生长不良,降低茶叶产量和品质,并引起茶园土壤侵蚀,茶园生态环境不断恶化。据资料报道,茶园间种梨、柿、板栗、杨梅、橡胶、湿地松等植物,形成各种不同类型的生态茶园,改善了光温条件,获得较     

太湖洞庭山十种茶果间作茶园节肢动物群落组成的异同性

为揭示茶园间作果树对于节肢动物群落数量、空间格局的影响,2009年夏茶期间,于具有悠久茶-果间作历史、名茶洞庭碧螺春原产地的太湖东洞庭山选10种间作茶园,2010年春茶时节于西洞庭山选10种同类型间作茶园,调查果树的树丛之间、茶丛上层、茶丛中层、茶丛下层、地表和土壤层中各种节肢动物数量。发现:(1)两次调查结果具有较好的重现性;(2)每种供试茶园优势种害虫都是假眼小绿叶蝉Empoasca vitis Gthe和黑刺粉虱Aleurocanthus spiniferus(Quaintance)、其它主要害虫种类相同,东、西洞庭山优势种天敌相同;(3)10种茶园中茶丛上层、茶丛中层物种数多于其它层次;茶丛下层的个体数最大,主要是粉虱类和蚧类等小型同翅目昆虫;茶丛中层多样性指数稍高;(4)茶-桔、茶-板栗间作茶园物种较多;茶-腊梅间作茶园物种数、个体数较少。研究结果表明:茶园中合理地间作果树,可以增大生物多样性,即使在果树树丛之间、地表和土壤层中也拥有一定数量的节肢动物,间作明显地影响节肢动物群落的组成。     

渭北黄土高原主要造林树种根系分布特征的研究

采用土钻法研究了油松、刺槐、樟子松、华山松、侧柏和山杏6个树种的垂直根系分布特征.结果表明,立地条件对刺槐根系分布特征有明显的影响,林地土壤水分状况的差异是造成这种影响的关键所在;土壤种类、结构等对刺槐根系的分布特征也有很大影响;油松在幼年期(8年生)即可达到根系分布的最大深度,但根系密度却随着林龄的增大呈明显的增大趋势;不同树种在根系垂直分布特征方面存在着很大差异,其中刺槐根系分布最深.根据各树种根系垂直分布特征,在黄绵土阳向立地上各树种生产力的大小次序为:刺槐>山杏>油松>樟子松>华山松>侧柏.     

茶园间植乌桕的气候生态效应

在安徽省黄山地区的红壤上,研究了茶园种植乌桕树对改善小气候环境的效应。夏秋季借助乌桕树稀疏的林冠为茶树遮荫,茶树-乌桕间植茶园的太阳总辐射低于茶树的光饱和点,其散射辐射比普通纯茶园增加,散射辐射与直接辐射的比率高达0.78-0.90,气温及湿度得到调节,宜于茶树正常生长;茶树及乌桕树的根系分别从浅层及深层吸收土壤水分,提高了土壤水的利用率。因此,茶园间植乌桕可减轻夏季热旱危害茶树生长,提高茶叶产量和品质,是江南茶区生产优质绿茶的一种人工生态模式。     

西双版纳不同林茶复合生态系统碳储量

为了探明上层遮荫树种对茶园碳储量的影响,根据所建立的茶园上层树种及茶树的生物量模型估算了不同林茶复合生态系统的生物量,结合植物、土壤样品碳含量的实测值,对西双版纳州勐海县4种茶园组合模式及纯茶园的碳储量进行了分析。结果表明:樟树+茶、樟-杉+茶2种组合模式的碳储量分别比纯茶园碳储量(223.442t·hm-2)高22.701、3.871t·hm-2,而4种遮荫树种+茶、6种遮荫树种+茶2种组合模式的碳储量则分别比纯茶园低10.828、5.717t·hm-2。各茶园总碳储量以土壤的碳储量所占比例最大,达91.8%～96.0%,随上层树种数量的增加而降低,并在4种遮荫树种+茶组合模式达到最低;而植物体的碳储量仅占总碳储量的4.0%～8.2%,呈现随上层树种数量增加而先增加后降低的趋势。表明西双版纳的人工茶园复合态系统具有很强的碳储存能力。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

Synthesis and antimicrobial studies of hydrazone derivatives of 4-[3-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-4-formyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl]benzoic acid and 4-[3-(3,4-difluorophenyl)-4-formyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl]benzoic acid

Microbial resistance to antibiotics is an unresolved global concern, which needs urgent and coordinated action. One of the guidelines of the Centers for Disease Control and Preventions (CDC) to combat antibiotic resistance is the development of new antibiotics to treat drug-resistant bacteria. In our effort to find new antibiotics, we report the synthesis and antimicrobial studies of 30 new pyrazole derivatives. These novel molecules have been synthesized by using readily available starting materials and benign reaction conditions. Some of these molecules have shown activity with MIC values as low as 0.78?µg/mL against four bacterial strains; Staphylococcus aureus, methicillin-resistant S. aureus, Bacillus subtilis, and Acinetobacter baumannii. Furthermore, active molecules are non-toxic to mammalian cell line.

     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.