不同栽培模式对茶园生态环境及茶叶品质的影响

对陕南茶区的纯茶园、塑料大棚茶园、松茶间作茶园及林篱茶园4种常见栽培模式的茶园生态环境(包括小气候因子、土壤因子)和茶叶中各项生化指标(包括氨基酸、咖啡碱、茶多酚、酚氨比、茶水浸出物)进行了测定.结果表明:不同栽培模式茶园小气候因子有显著差异.相对于纯茶园,塑料大棚茶园、松茶间作茶园和林篱茶园能更有效地改善光照条件、降低环境温度、提高土壤水分和有机质含量、增强空气湿度,提高土壤养分状况.3种复合式茶园茶叶品质也较纯茶园显著提高,氨基酸和茶水浸出物含量显著高于纯茶园茶叶,而茶多酚含量却显著低于纯茶园茶叶.因此,林茶复合栽培模式和大棚模式茶园的生态环境更有利于茶树的生长和茶叶品质的提高.

Effects of Different Cultivating Modes of Tea Gardens on Environment and Tea Quality

Experiments were carried out with four familiar cultivating modes of tea gardens which were simple tea garden,greenhouse tea garden,Pine-tea intercrop tea garden and trees surrounding tea garden,to determine the ecological environment factors of tea gardens(including microclimatic factors and soil factors) and tea biochemical indicators(including amino acid,caffeine,tea polyphenol,P./A.and water extraction) in south Shaanxi Province.It was shown that microclimatic factors have remarkable difference among different cultivating modes of tea gardens.Compared with simple tea garden,greenhouse tea garden,Pine-tea intercrop tea garden and trees surrounding tea garden improved light condition,reduced air temperature,enhanced soil humidity,increased soil organic matter,reinforced air humidity and heightened soil nutrient conditions effectively.Tea quality among the three compound tea gardens also had enhanced effectively.Amino acid content and water extraction content was higher than those of simple tea garden evidently.Meanwhile tea polyphenol content was lower than those of simple tea garden.So growths of tea plant and tea quality have much more improved in ecological environment of tea-tree intercrop tea garden and greenhouse tea garden.