亚硫酸钠处理对与采后竹笋木质化作用有关的细胞壁物质及酶活性的影响

研究了Na2SO3处理对与采后竹笋与木质化作用相关的细胞壁物质及其酶活性的影响。结果表明：1％Na2SO3处理能显著延缓竹笋组织中多聚半乳糖醛酸酶活性的降低和抑制苯丙氨酸解氨酶活性的上升,因此水溶性果胶含量显著高于对照,硬度、木质素和原果胶含量显著低于对照。但1％Na2SO3处理对纤维素酶、果胶甲酯酶活性和纤维素含量无显著影响。     

杜鹃对SO2胁迫的抗氧化防护效应

以SO2耐受性植物杜鹃(Rhododendron sp.)为材料,在2个高浓度SO2熏气后,检测了叶组织中丙二醛(MDA)、可溶性蛋白和叶绿素含量以及抗氧化酶活性.结果表明:40和80mg?m-3SO2熏气4h(1d)后,杜鹃叶片超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性和MDA含量均分别比对照显著增加了11.26%、11.86%和73.32%、76.43%;随熏气时间的延长,SOD、过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性持续增高,且SOD和CAT活性显著高于对照,MDA含量逐渐降至对照水平;SO2熏气导致叶片可溶性蛋白含量显著降低,但叶绿素含量却无显著改变.熏气后恢复期间,抗氧化酶活性相对降低,可溶性蛋白含量恢复至对照水平.研究发现,杜鹃对SO2的耐受性与细胞中抗氧化酶活性的诱导性增强有关,抗氧化能力增强是植物适应SO2胁迫的重要原因.     

不同盐胁迫对柳枝稷生物量、品质和光合生理的影响

为明确不同盐胁迫对柳枝稷生物量、品质及光合生理的影响,以无盐胁迫作为对照(CK),选取0.40%Na Cl、0.80%Na2SO4和0.80%Na HCO3进行了土柱试验。结果表明:(1)与CK相比,Na Cl、Na2SO4、Na HCO3胁迫下柳枝稷地上生物量、地下生物量、总生物量、籽粒产量及根冠比均显著降低(P0.05),总生物量分别降低49.39%、60.52%、76.45%,Na HCO3对柳枝稷的生长抑制作用最强,Na Cl最弱;(2)Na Cl胁迫下柳枝稷地上生物质灰分含量显著增高14.89%,Na2SO4胁迫下硫(S)含量显著增高262.32%,纤维素含量显著降低13.71%,Na HCO3胁迫下钾(K)含量显著增高54.95%,半纤维素含量显著增高10.87%,灰分和S含量的增高不利于柳枝稷地上生物质的燃烧利用,纤维素含量的降低和半纤维素含量的增高不利于其转化利用;(3)Na Cl、Na2SO4、Na HCO3胁迫下柳枝稷叶片净光合速率(Pn)分别显著降低21.89%、29.54%和24.59%,气孔限制因素可能是其光合作用受到抑制、生物量下降的关键因素。     

费菜对鲤鱼肝脏抗氧化酶活性及MDA含量的影响

研究了费菜原汁液和馏出液对鲤鱼肝脏抗氧化性的影响.实验共分3组,自来水对照组、费菜馏出液处理组和原汁液处理组,连续处理3d和7d.结果表明:处理3d和7d时,馏出液组和原汁液组SOD酶活性均显著高于对照,MDA含量均极显著低于对照.处理3d时,馏出液组POD活性与对照组相比相差不显著,但原汁液组极显著高于对照.处理7d时,馏出液组和原汁液组POD酶活性均显著高于对照.研究还表明,随处理时间的延长,SOD、POD酶活性、MDA含量均明显升高,但MDA含量仍极显著低于对照.表明费菜能明显增强鲤鱼肝脏的抗氧化性.     

(NH4)2SO4对瓜尔豆幼苗在不同光照下耐冷性的影响

通过温室穴盘育苗试验,研究叶面喷施(NH4)2SO4对低温胁迫12 h后不同光通量密度(PFD)条件下,瓜尔豆幼苗在常温培养过程中幼苗生存及叶片SOD活性、POD活性和MDA含量的影响。结果表明:低温处理一夜后,在温室自然光照(强光)下进行常温恢复时,瓜尔豆叶片中SOD和POD活性始终显著低于对照,MDA含量显著高于对照,幼苗死亡率显著高于对照;在90μmol.m-2.s-1弱光下恢复2~4 d后,叶片中保护酶活性显著高于对照,MDA含量保持较低水平,幼苗均正常生长。叶面喷施(NH4)2SO4能显著提高低温处理后的植株叶片抗氧化酶类活性,减少叶片中MDA的产生,降低幼苗死亡率,0.2%(NH4)2SO4处理效果最好,其次为0.4%(NH4)2SO4。短期低温后,使植物处在弱光环境下能减少活性氧的发生,为植物抗氧化系统达到新的平衡提供有利条件,从而减轻甚至消除低温伤害。     

外源钾对铁胁迫下水稻细胞壁多糖含量及耐铁性的影响

以耐铁毒型水稻品种协优9308和铁毒敏感型水稻品种Ⅱ优838为实验材料,采用溶液培养法研究250mg.L-1Fe2+(EDTA-Fe2+)胁迫下,不同钾水平对两种水稻的生长特性、酸性磷酸酶(APA)、果胶甲酯酶(PME)、根系果胶含量、半纤维素1含量以及半纤维素2含量的影响。结果表明,经250mg.L-1Fe2+处理7d和14d后,协优9308和Ⅱ优838的相对根长明显下降,APA、PME的活性显著升高,果胶含量、半纤维素1含量、半纤维素2含量显著增加,Ⅱ优838酶活性及细胞壁多糖含量提高幅度较大,表现出其铁毒敏感性,并且随着处理时间的延长,铁胁迫对两种水稻相对根长,PME活性,HC1含量及HC2含量的影响越显著,但APA活性和果胶含量则没有明显变化。加入外源钾可以不同程度的降低酶活性及细胞壁多糖含量,外源钾浓度为200mg.L-1,对水稻相对根长,APA活性,HC1含量缓解效果较好;外源钾浓度为400mg.L-1,对PME活性,果胶含量缓解效果较好。随着外源钾浓度升高,水稻铁毒症状得到不同程度的缓解,但钾浓度高于200mg.L-1又会对水稻造成新的胁迫。由此推测,水稻通过提高根系细胞壁多糖含量来增加根尖铁的结合位点,以及细胞壁的厚度和刚性,并降低细胞壁的伸展性,使根细胞的伸长受抑,从而提高其铁耐性。     

铜对节节草生理代谢及抗氧化酶活性的影响

采用盆栽试验方法,研究了重金属Cu对节节草的生理代谢及抗氧化酶活性的影响.结果表明,低浓度Cu(500 mg·kg^-1)处理下节节草生理代谢变化不明显.高浓度Cu(1 000～3 000 mg·kg^-1)处理下,节节草体内叶绿素a和叶绿素b含量均显著下降,叶绿素b的含量仅为对照的43%;可溶性糖含量平均为对照的1/2,细胞膜透性平均高出对照1～2倍,MDA含量平均为对照的1～3倍,表明高浓度Cu胁迫对节节草细胞质膜系统及主要细胞器的结构与功能具有破坏作用.Cu胁迫下节节草抗氧化酶活性随Cu浓度增加而上升,POD和SOD酶活性平均分别增长34.73%和51.55%,且与Cu浓度呈显著正相关(r_POD＝0.978,r_SOD＝0.926,P<0.05).     

硅对盐胁迫下枣树组织培养苗细胞壁形成和相关酶活性的影响

盐胁迫（75mmol·L^-1 NaCl）下,枣树微茎段外植体成活率、生根率及枣苗的侧根条数和长度、苗高、单株重量均较对照显著减小;盐胁迫下加硅（Si）（0．75mmol·L^-1 KSiO3）,枣苗的前述指标与对照无显著性差异。盐胁迫下,枣组织培养生根苗细胞壁提取率显著下降,细胞壁中蛋白和低分子量果胶含量显著降低,EDTAU溶性果胶和碱溶性果胶含量显著提高,半纤维素和纤维素含量降低;盐胁迫下加Si,枣苗细胞壁提取率显著提高,细胞壁主要戍分的含量水平与对照相近。与盐胁迫下相比,盐胁迫下加Si,虽然枣苗果胶甲酯酶（PME）和多聚半乳糖醛酸酶（PG）活性升高未达显著性差异水平,但纤维素酶（Cx）活性显著降低,3种水解酶活性的比值均显著增大,细胞壁共价结合态H^＋-ATP酶活性显著升高。结果说明,提高培养基可溶性Si水平,可显著改善受盐胁迫枣苗细胞壁水解酶的活性平衡、组分含量的均衡及细胞壁内外溶质的适应性分配,从而为枣苗较好生长奠定了基础。     

O3和CO2浓度升高对油松针叶抗氧化系统的影响

利用开顶箱模拟大气O3与CO2浓度升高,对油松进行了连续4个月的熏蒸实验,探讨了油松针叶抗氧化系统化系统的响应.结果表明:1)高浓度O3显著增加了油松针叶过氧化氢的积累,到处理后期过量的过氧化氢显著地抑制了抗氧化酶活性,如SOD和APX,并且抗坏血酸被耗竭,加剧了膜质过氧化,最终导致了严重氧化伤害;2)高浓度CO2处理中油松针叶抗氧化酶活性普遍低于对照,ASA含量显著高于对照,可能是高CO2浓度促进ASA合成,或者是ASA的消耗减少,到处理后期使H2O2含量比对照降低了15.5%,从而减轻了膜质过氧化产物丙二醛含量,减轻了氧化伤害;3)与O3单因素相比,在协同处理中油松针叶具有较高的抗氧化酶活性和ASA含量,说明高CO2浓度减轻了高O3对抗氧化酶活性的抑制作用,并且提高了针叶内ASA含量,增强了针叶的抗氧化能力,有效地控制了ROS的产生与清除平衡,缓解了高O3带来的氧化伤害.     

1-甲基环丙烯处理对采后杨桃果实软化和细胞壁代谢的影响

为探讨1-甲基环丙烯(1-methylcyclopropene, 1-MCP)延缓采后杨桃果实软化的作用机理,本文研究了0.6 μL/L 1-MCP处理对在(15±1)℃、相对湿度90%下贮藏的‘香蜜’甜杨桃(Averrhoa carambola Linn. cv. Xiangmi)果实软化和细胞壁代谢的影响。结果表明：与对照果实相比,1-MCP处理可保持较高的杨桃果实硬度,有效降低果胶酯酶(pectinesterase, PE)、多聚半乳糖醛酸酶(polygalacturonase, PG)、纤维素酶等细胞壁降解酶活性,延缓原果胶、纤维素、半纤维素含量的下降和水溶性果胶含量的增加。因此认为,0.6 μL/L 1-MCP处理能有效控制采后‘香蜜’甜杨桃果实的软化进程,延长果实保鲜期。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.