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1.
盐胁迫对柳枝稷苗期生长和生理特性的影响   总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8  
2010年,在人工气候室中设置了0、50、100、150和200 mmol·L-15种NaCl浓度处理,分析盐胁迫对柳枝稷苗期生长的影响.结果表明:随着NaCl浓度的增加,柳枝稷的生长明显受到抑制,株高降低、叶片变小、光合叶面积减少、净光合速率下降,干物质积累量显著降低,表现出甜土植物的特点.柳枝稷的耐盐能力较强,在200 mmol·L-1NaCl溶液中处理30 d后仍能存活,单株绿叶面积为491.9 cm2,净光合速率为0.93 μmol CO2·m-2·s-1.本试验条件下,以生长量下降50%为标准求得柳枝稷的耐盐阈值为178.6 mmol·L-1.  相似文献   

2.
为探讨镧对NaCl胁迫下柳枝稷种子萌发及幼苗生理特性的影响,该研究以柳枝稷(Panicum virgatum L.)种子为研究材料,通过不同浓度(0、0.05、0.1、0.5和1.0mmol/L)La(NO3)3溶液浸种24h处理后,添加100mmol/L NaCl溶液,以蒸馏水为对照,在种子发芽箱中培养并观察柳枝稷种子萌发和幼苗生长,测定幼苗叶片相对电导率、丙二醛、脯氨酸和叶绿素的含量。结果显示:(1)0.05mmol/L La(NO3)3浸种处理可缓解100mmol/L NaCl对种子发芽的影响。(2)不同处理对幼苗苗长无显著影响,0.1mmol/L La(NO3)3浸种显著增加了幼苗的鲜重和叶面积,当浓度≥0.5mmol/L时根长、根冠比、鲜重和叶面积受到抑制。(3)幼苗叶片相对电导率和脯氨酸含量随La(NO3)3浓度的增加呈先降低后增加的趋势,其中0.05和0.1mmol/L La(NO3)3浸种处理下效果较好,丙二醛含量随La(NO3)3浓度的增加持续降低,但各浓度处理间差异不显著,叶绿素含量在0.05mmol/L La(NO3)3浸种处理下较NaCl处理显著增加,当浓度≥0.5mmol/L随着浸种浓度的增加呈下降趋势。(4)不同指标间发芽势与发芽率、根长和叶绿素含量间呈极显著正相关关系,与根冠比、电导率和脯氨酸含量均呈极显著负相关关系,而与苗长不相关。研究表明,低浓度(0.05mmol/L)La(NO3)3可缓解NaCl胁迫对柳枝稷种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响,而高浓度(1.0mmol/L)的La(NO3)3则会加重NaCl的胁迫危害。  相似文献   

3.
采用14份柳枝稷开展盆栽试验,研究了在北京地区条件下其生物量差异及分配规律。结果表明,低地型柳枝稷Kanlow生物量最高,其茎秆、地上部和整株生物量分别达到175.48 g/株、299.18 g/株和447.66 g/株,而高地型柳枝稷Nebraska生物量最低,其茎秆、地上部和整株生物量分别为29.86 g/株、58.08 g/株和140.51 g/株。就柳枝稷整株植株而言,Kanlow地上部生物量分配比例最高,达到63.13%,S2最低,为40.55%,Kanlow地上部营养器官生物量分配比例最高,达到48.67%,Nebraska最低,为31.88%。就柳枝稷地上部而言,Alamo、Kanlow和Trailblazer茎秆生物量分配比例及茎叶比均较高,分别为35.91%和2.75,37.09%和2.56,34.39%和2.48。起源纬度显著影响了柳枝稷的生物量及其分配,就柳枝稷整株植株而言,起源纬度与柳枝稷生物量显著负相关,与地下部生物量分配比例显著正相关,与地上部、种子和茎生物量分配比例显著负相关。就柳枝稷地上部而言,起源纬度与茎生物量分配比例及茎叶比显著负相关,与叶和鞘生物量分配比例显著正相关。生物量的差异及其分配规律反映出柳枝稷对生态环境长期适应的生殖与生长策略。本研究为柳枝稷遗传资源引种和品种选育提供了依据。  相似文献   

4.
以引进禾草柳枝稷为材料,在半干旱黄土丘陵区人工梯田设置20cm(L20)、40cm(L40)和60cm(L60)3种种植行距,比较研究了其光合生理参数日变化、地上部分生物量及土壤水分剖面分布特征,探讨其光合生理和水分利用特征与种植行距的关系。结果表明:(1)不同行距下,柳枝稷叶片净光合速率(Pn)日变化均呈双峰曲线,第一峰值均出现在10:00,第二峰值L40出现在14:00,L20和L60出现在16:00,具有明显的光合\"午休\"现象,且均由非气孔因素限制引起;柳枝稷叶片Pn日均值大小依次为:L60>L40>L20,且两两间差异显著。(2)柳枝稷叶片水分利用效率(WUE)日变化与Pn相似,分别在10:00和14:00达到峰值,日均值大小依次为:L60>L40>L20。(3)不同行距下,土壤体积含水量均随土层深度增加呈先增加后减少再增加的趋势,除0~50cm土层外,其它各土层土壤储水量均存在较大差异,0~380cm土层总土壤储水量表现为:L20>L40>L60。(4)柳枝稷地上生物量大小依次为:L20>L60>L40。研究发现,20cm行距的柳枝稷个体虽光合速率较低,但群体生物量和土壤储水量较高,所以柳枝稷在黄土丘陵区梯田的较优行距为20cm。  相似文献   

5.
NaCl胁迫对高丛越橘幼苗生长和光合生理特性的影响   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3       下载免费PDF全文
乌凤章 《西北植物学报》2015,35(11):2258-2265
以2年生北高丛越橘‘蓝丰’幼苗为材料,采用温室盆栽法研究了不同浓度(0、50、100、150和200mmol·L~(-1))NaCl胁迫处理50d对其生长、光合作用和叶绿素荧光特性的影响,以鉴定高丛越橘的耐盐性,为盐碱地区的越橘引种、栽培提供理论依据。结果显示:(1)越橘幼苗地上部鲜质量和地下部鲜质量在50mmol·L~(-1) NaCl处理下与对照无显著差异,当超过100mmol·L~(-1) NaCl时均显著降低;地上部干质量、地下部干质量、总干质量在低于100mmol·L~(-1) NaCl处理下与对照无显著差异,当超过150mmol·L~(-1) NaCl时均显著降低;在不同浓度NaCl处理下,根冠比与对照均无明显差异。(2)越橘幼苗叶片Chl a、Chl b和总Chl含量在低于100mmol·L~(-1) NaCl处理下与对照无显著差异,当超过150mmol·L~(-1) NaCl时均明显降低。(3)越橘叶片净光合速率(Pn)、蒸腾速率(Tr)和气孔导度(Gs)在50mmol·L~(-1) NaCl处理下与对照无显著差异,在超过100mmol·L~(-1) NaCl时均明显下降;在200mmol·L~(-1) NaCl处理下胞间CO2浓度(Ci)、气孔限制值(Ls)明显下降;不同浓度NaCl处理下水分利用效率(WUE)无明显差异;(4)暗适应下最大荧光(Fm)、最大光化学效率(Fv/Fm)、潜在光化学效率(Fv/F0)、PSⅡ光量子产量(ΦPSⅡ)、光合电子传递速率(ETR)、光化学猝灭系数(qP)在低于150mmol·L~(-1) NaCl处理下与对照无显著差异,在200mmol·L~(-1) NaCl时均明显下降。研究表明,越橘幼苗具有一定的耐盐能力,能够忍受100mmol·L~(-1)NaCl胁迫,但在高NaCl浓度胁迫下,气孔限制因素是导致Pn下降的主要原因,此外叶片光合机构受损、叶绿素含量显著减少以及光合电子传递受阻而产生的光抑制,也会导致Pn的下降和生物量的降低。  相似文献   

6.
黄土丘陵区柳枝稷光合生理生态特性的初步研究   总被引:9,自引:1,他引:9       下载免费PDF全文
研究了黄土丘陵区引种草种柳枝稷(Panicum virgatum)的光合生理生态特性。比较了不同叶位叶片光合速率(Pn)、蒸腾速率(Tr)、水分利用效率(WUE)的日变化以及环境因子的作用,结果表明,柳枝稷叶片Pn日变化曲线为双峰型,中午“光合降低”主要是由于叶温过高导致呼吸高引起的净化合速率降低,叶龄增大,叶片Pn日变化相对较平缓,其中壮龄叶Pn日变化最为平缓,幼龄叶Tr的日变化为双峰型,随叶龄增大(叶位下降)而成为单峰型。Pn日变化最为平缓,幼龄叶Tr的日变化为双峰型,随叶龄增大(叶位下降)而成为单峰型,WUE的日变化可划分为上午的降低和下午的波动2个阶段,最上充分展开叶(旗叶)的WUE始终最高。  相似文献   

7.
水培条件下pH值对柳枝稷幼苗生长发育的影响   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2       下载免费PDF全文
土壤的p H值是限制植物生长发育的一个关键因素。柳枝稷是一种可作为牧草,水土保持的多年生C4能源植物。试验在水培条件下,利用裂区试验设计,以柳枝稷品种(系)为主区,水培液p H值为副区,对反映柳枝稷幼苗生长发育状况的指标进行统计分析。结果显示,随水培液p H值的酸碱强度增大,柳枝稷不同品种(系)幼苗的分蘖数、株高、苗鲜重、根冠比、根系活力以及净光合速率都极显著降低(P0.01),而幼苗保护酶活性以及丙二醛(MDA)含量则极显著升高(P0.01)。尤其是当PH值低于5.0时,幼苗的受到的胁迫更为明显,幼苗超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化物酶(POD)活性反而急剧下降。与酸胁迫(p H值7.0)相比,柳枝稷对碱胁迫(p H值7.0)的适应能力更强,其中以西稷2号的抗逆性表现最好。因此应用柳枝稷在边际土壤地区推广种植时,要尽量避免强酸性土壤(p H值5.0),且选用西稷2号品系较为适宜。  相似文献   

8.
长链非编码RNA(long noncoding RNA, lncRNA)是一类长度大于200个核苷酸、无蛋白编码能力或蛋白编码能力较低的功能性RNA分子,可通过调控基因的表达影响植物的生长发育和对非生物胁迫的适应性。柳枝稷(Panicum virgatum L.)是一种抗旱性较强的禾本科(Poaceae)C4生物能源模式作物。本研究从柳枝稷中克隆了1个新预测的lncRNA,将其命名为PvLINC090588。对该基因的表达模式分析显示:20%聚乙二醇、150 mmol/L氯化钠和50μmol/L脱落酸可诱导其表达,100μmol/L赤霉素抑制其表达,表明PvLINC090588的表达受多种非生物胁迫的诱导。过表达PvLINC090588转基因拟南芥(Arabidopsis thaliana)在100 mmol/L氯化钠、300 mmol/L甘露醇处理下其根长显著(P<0.05)大于野生型的,显示过表达株系的根系在胁迫下生长能力更强。与野生型相比,转基因株系在干旱和250 mmol/L氯化钠处理后其丙二醛含量降低,可溶性糖和脯氨酸含量显著升高(P<0.0...  相似文献   

9.
徐炳成  山仑  李凤民 《生态学报》2005,25(9):2206-2213
加强优良引种禾草植物的生态适应性研究对促进我国黄土高原半干旱区草地建设和草业科学发展具有十分重要的意义。比较研究了引种禾草柳枝稷(Panicumvirgatum)在黄土丘陵半干旱区不同立地条件下地上生物量的大小和季节累积差异及其水分利用特征。2001~2002年川地柳枝稷草地地上生物量达13000~16000kg/hm2,山地梯田和坡地为2300~2650kg/hm2。不同立地条件柳枝稷返青后的生物量累积过程呈二次或三次多项式。柳枝稷的绝对生长速率(AGR)在整个生长季内呈双峰曲线变化,川地柳枝稷草地的现存量和总量AGR最大值分别为158.93和169.83kg/(hm2·d),梯田分别为27.31和38.25kg/(hm2·d),坡地为37.0和36.69kg/(hm2·d)。坡地柳枝稷生物量较大值和AGR最大值出现时间最早。不同立地柳枝稷生物量相对生长速率(RGR)在整个生长季内呈双峰曲线变化,均以返青后的20d内最大,平均AGR以川地最大,坡地和梯田相近,但坡地两峰值高于梯田。不同立地柳枝稷草地土壤水分主要利用层次为0~2m,月平均含水量顺序为梯田>坡地>川地。川地柳枝稷叶片和整体生物量水分利用效率均最高,梯田整体生物量水分利用效率大于坡地,但二者叶片水分利用效率相近。川地和山地地表下5cm生育期平均地温均为17.60℃,但4~5月份川地地温高出山地1.2~2.8℃,川地4~10月份平均气温较山地高1.5℃,这些差异影响不同立地条件柳枝稷草地水分利用和生长进程。  相似文献   

10.
干旱胁迫对条墩桑生物量分配和光合特性的影响   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
以1年生红皮花桑为材料,采用盆栽的方法,研究了不同水分条件下条墩桑幼苗的生物量、荧光参数、净光合速率、气孔导度、蒸腾速率及水分利用效率的变化.结果表明: 随着干旱胁迫程度的增加,植株地上部分的生物量和总生物量逐渐降低,但光合产物向根部的分配比例逐渐增大,根冠比逐渐增加;叶片的荧光参数Fo、Fv和Fv/Fm逐渐降低;气孔导度、蒸腾速率、净光合速率和水分利用效率逐渐下降.  相似文献   

11.
A principle attribute of perennial grasses for biomass energy is the potential for high yields on marginal lands. Objectives of this study were to compare biomass and seed production of intermediate wheatgrass ( Thinopyrum intermedium [Host] Barkworth and D.R. Dewey), big bluestem ( Andropogon gerardii Vitman), and switchgrass ( Panicum virgatum L.) as affected by harvest timing and manure application on two topographic positions (footslope and backslope). Footslope is the hillslope position that forms the inclined surface at the base of a slope and backslope forms the steepest, middle position of the hillslope. Grasses were harvested for biomass at anthesis (summer), after a killing frost (autumn), or the following spring after overwintering in the field. Seed was harvested at maturity during 2003 and 2004. Two rates of beef cattle ( Bos taurus L.) manure (target rates of 0 and 150 kg total-N ha−1) were surface applied annually. Maximum annual biomass yield ranged from 4.4 to 5.2, 2.7 to 4.2, and 3.7 to 5.6 Mg ha−1 for intermediate wheatgrass, big bluestem, and switchgrass, respectively. Biomass yields were not different between fall and spring harvest treatments. Biomass yields of big bluestem and switchgrass at the backslope position were 86% and 96% of biomass yields at the footslope position with normal precipitation, respectively. Manure application increased biomass yield approximately 30% during the second year on both topographic positions. The highest seed yield was obtained from intermediate wheatgrass, followed by switchgrass and big bluestem. Utilizing these management practices in our environment, it appears that switchgrass and big bluestem could be allowed to overwinter in the field without suffering appreciable loss of biomass.  相似文献   

12.
不同基因型茶菊对盐胁迫的响应   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2       下载免费PDF全文
为探讨不同基因型茶菊(tea Chrysanthemum)在盐胁迫下的生理响应并对其进行耐盐性评价, 以4个不同基因型茶菊为材料, 采用营养液浇灌法, 研究了不同浓度NaCl (0、40、80、120、160、200 mmol·L-1)胁迫下茶菊生理生化和光合生理响应特性。结果表明: 随着NaCl胁迫程度加大, 不同基因型茶菊叶片细胞膜透性(Cond)、丙二醛(MDA)含量、叶片脯氨酸(Pro)含量和可溶性糖(SS)含量增加; 超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)含量呈先升后降趋势; ‘乳荷’、‘黄滁龙’叶绿素(Chl)含量持续下降, ‘繁白露’和‘玉人面’叶绿素含量呈先升后降的趋势; 净光合速率(Pn)、蒸腾速率(Tr)和气孔导度(Gs)随NaCl胁迫浓度提高而极显著降低, 气孔限制值呈先升后降的趋势。采用隶属函数法对茶菊进行耐盐性评价, 不同基因型茶菊耐盐性由强到弱依次为‘乳荷’ > ‘玉人面’ > ‘繁白露’ > ‘黄滁龙’。其中, 耐盐性品种‘玉人面’、‘乳荷’在NaCl胁迫下, Chl含量、PnTrGs下降幅度小, MDA含量和气孔限制值增幅较小。  相似文献   

13.
    
Very limited information is currently available on growth responses of switchgrass (lowland cultivars) to transient waterlogging in lowland or poorly drained areas. This study investigated impacts of microtopography‐induced transient waterlogging on switchgrass (Alamo cultivar) growth, represented by leaf‐level gas exchange and biomass yield, in an established experimental field located in the Atlantic coastal plain of North Carolina, USA. Intensive leaf‐level gas exchange measurements were conducted on switchgrass at paired spots with distinct elevations in three sub‐blocks. Aboveground biomass was randomly collected across the study field to explore the potential impacts of the transient waterlogging on biomass yield. The sum of excess water (SEW) was calculated based on measured instantaneous water table depth to generalize the relationship between biomass yield and intensity of transient waterlogging. Results showed significant (P ≤ 0.0001) treatment effects on leaf‐level gas exchange, characterized by evident reduction in both CO2 assimilation rate and stomatal conductance when water table was at or near the soil surface at low positions. Negative impacts of transient waterlogging on leaf‐level gas exchange became more evident with the increasing of elevation differences between paired subplots. Stomatal closure was found to be the main mechanism responsible for the decline of net assimilation under transient waterlogging. Aboveground biomass yields of switchgrass showed relatively high spatial variability and were positively and linearly correlated with microtopography (represented by elevation in the analysis) (P < 0.03, R2 > 0.77). Further analysis showed that biomass yields were negatively correlated with SEW (P < 0.001, R2 > 0.6) with an exponential relationship. Results of this study strongly demonstrated transient waterlogging could negatively affect switchgrass growth by suppressing leaf‐level gas exchange rates and ultimately reducing biomass yield. Findings from this study have critical implications for evaluating the economic viability of growing switchgrass on marginal lands that are subject to transient waterlogging stresses.  相似文献   

14.
    
The United States Great Lakes Region (USGLR) is a critical geographic area for future bioenergy production. Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum) is widely considered a carbon (C)‐neutral or C‐negative bioenergy production system, but projected increases in air temperature and precipitation due to climate change might substantially alter soil organic C (SOC) dynamics and storage in soils. This study examined long‐term SOC changes in switchgrass grown on marginal land in the USGLR under current and projected climate, predicted using a process‐based model (Systems Approach to Land‐Use Sustainability) extensively calibrated with a wealth of plant and soil measurements at nine experimental sites. Simulations indicate that these soils are likely a net C sink under switchgrass (average gain 0.87 Mg C ha?1 year?1), although substantial variation in the rate of SOC accumulation was predicted (range: 0.2–1.3 Mg C ha?1 year?1). Principal component analysis revealed that the predicted intersite variability in SOC sequestration was related in part to differences in climatic characteristics, and to a lesser extent, to heterogeneous soils. Although climate change impacts on switchgrass plant growth were predicted to be small (4%–6% decrease on average), the increased soil respiration was predicted to partially negate SOC accumulations down to 70% below historical rates in the most extreme scenarios. Increasing N fertilizer rate and decreasing harvest intensity both had modest SOC sequestration benefits under projected climate, whereas introducing genotypes better adapted to the longer growing seasons was a much more effective strategy. Best‐performing adaptation scenarios were able to offset >60% of the climate change impacts, leading to SOC sequestration 0.7 Mg C ha?1 year?1 under projected climate. On average, this was 0.3 Mg C ha?1 year?1 more C sequestered than the no adaptation baseline. These findings provide crucial knowledge needed to guide policy and operational management for maximizing SOC sequestration of future bioenergy production on marginal lands in the USGLR.  相似文献   

15.
海拔变化会引起光照、温度以及湿度等一系列环境条件的变化,从而对植物的物质代谢、结构和功能产生一定的影响,而植物功能性状特定的组合可以反映植物对环境变化的响应策略。桃儿七(Sinopodophyllum hexandrum (Royle) Ying)是我国传统中藏药材,通常生长于2700-4500 m高海拔地带的平坦山谷及透光度较好的林下、林缘或草、灌丛中,其根状茎及根中富含的鬼臼毒素可以治疗多种癌症,其含量与植株生物量在各个器官的分配密切相关,但其生物量分配情况目前尚不清楚。因此,为进一步提高高寒草甸桃儿七生长、发育及对药用器官生物量的最大化分配,明确自然环境下桃儿七的资源获取和利用策略,研究以青藏高原高寒草甸2个海拔的桃儿七为研究对象,对其功能性状、光合生理、生物量分配特征等进行对比分析,探究自然生境下桃儿七生物量分配格局及其功能性状对海拔变化的响应策略,结果发现:(1)低海拔桃儿七净光合速率高于高海拔;随海拔的升高,桃儿七叶片中非结构性碳含量呈下降的趋势, 但在细根中呈上升趋势;叶片Chla、Chlb、Chla/b及Chl(a+b)含量均显著下降(P < 0.05)。桃儿七在较高海拔采取较低的比叶面积、叶绿素含量以及净光合速率的“慢速偿还型”策略,表现出适应高寒草甸环境的性状权衡模式。(2)海拔对桃儿七的根、叶生物量分配策略影响显著(P < 0.05)。随着海拔的升高,桃儿七对地下部分(根及根状茎)的生物量分配增加,根占比增加了40.00%,根状茎占比增加了25.93%,对地上部分茎和叶的生物量分配减少。各器官生物量与个体大小呈等速生长关系,符合生态代谢理论。研究有助于为高寒草甸桃儿七的管理以及人工栽培提供理论依据和数据支撑,以期推动道地性濒危中药资源的可持续发展。  相似文献   

16.
    
Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum) has been evaluated as one potential source for cellulosic biofuel feedstocks. Planting switchgrass in marginal croplands and waterway buffers can reduce soil erosion, improve water quality, and improve regional ecosystem services (i.e. it serves as a potential carbon sink). In previous studies, we mapped high risk marginal croplands and highly erodible cropland buffers that are potentially suitable for switchgrass development, which would improve ecosystem services and minimally impact food production. In this study, we advance our previous study results and integrate future crop expansion information to develop a switchgrass biofuel potential ensemble map for current and future croplands in eastern Nebraska. The switchgrass biomass productivity and carbon benefits (i.e. NEP: net ecosystem production) for the identified biofuel potential ensemble areas were quantified. The future scenario‐based (‘A1B’) land use and land cover map for 2050, the US Geological Survey crop type and Compound Topographic Index (CTI) maps, and long‐term (1981–2010) averaged annual precipitation data were used to identify future crop expansion regions that are suitable for switchgrass development. Results show that 2528 km2 of future crop expansion regions (~3.6% of the study area) are potentially suitable for switchgrass development. The total estimated biofuel potential ensemble area (including cropland buffers, marginal croplands, and future crop expansion regions) is 4232 km2 (~6% of the study area), potentially producing 3.52 million metric tons of switchgrass biomass per year. Converting biofuel ensemble regions to switchgrass leads to potential carbon sinks (the total NEP for biofuel potential areas is 0.45 million metric tons C) and is environmentally sustainable. Results from this study improve our understanding of environmental conditions and ecosystem services of current and future cropland systems in eastern Nebraska and provide useful information to land managers to make land use decisions regarding switchgrass development.  相似文献   

17.
    
Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum) productivity on marginal and fertile lands has not been thoroughly evaluated in a systematic manner that includes soil–crop–weather–management interactions and to quantify the risk of failure or success in growing the crop. We used the Systems Approach to Land Use Sustainability (SALUS) model to identify areas with low risk of failing to having more than 8000 kg ha?1 yr?1 switchgrass aboveground net primary productivity (ANPP) under rainfed and unfertilized conditions. In addition, we diagnosed constraining factors for switchgrass growth, and tested the effect of nitrogen fertilizer application on plant productivity across Michigan for 30 years under three climate scenarios (baseline climate in 1981–2010, future climate with emissions using RCP 2.6 and RCP 6.0). We determined that <16% of land in Michigan may have at least 8 Mg ha?1 yr?1 ANPP under rainfed and unfertilized management with a low risk of failure. Of the productive low‐risk land, about 25% was marginal land, with more than 80% of which was affected by limited water availability due to low soil water‐holding capacity and shallow depth. About 80% of the marginal land was N limited under baseline conditions, but that percentage decreased to 58.5% and 42.1% under RCP 2.6 and RCP 6.0 climate scenarios, respectively, partly due to shorter growing season, smaller plants and less N demand. We also found that the majority of Michigan's land could have high switchgrass ANPP and low risk of failure with no more than 60 kgN ha?1 fertilizer input. We believe that the methodology used in this study works at different spatial scales, as well as for other biofuel crops.  相似文献   

18.
盐胁迫对扁桃光合特性和叶绿体超微结构的影响   总被引:14,自引:0,他引:14       下载免费PDF全文
温室条件下,分别用浓度为150、300、350 mmol/L的NaCl和Na2SO4处理‘石头扁桃’和‘桃扁桃’实生苗植株,处理10 d后分别测定其叶片叶绿素含量、净光合速率、气孔导度、细胞间隙CO2浓度,并观察叶绿体超微结构的变化。研究发现:(1)盐胁迫下,‘石头扁桃’和‘桃扁桃’chl a、chl b均在低浓度盐区含量最高,而在高浓度盐区含量最低,Na2SO4处理区chl a、chl b含量均低于NaCl处理区;(2)‘石头扁桃’和‘桃扁桃’叶片净光合速率随盐浓度的增加而下降,‘石头扁桃’下降的幅度较大;(3)‘桃扁桃’叶片细胞间隙CO2浓度随盐浓度的增加而升高,但‘石头扁桃’叶片细胞间隙的CO2浓度变化没有稳定的规律;(4)2个品种的叶片气孔导度均随盐浓度的增加而降低;(5)盐胁迫后,叶绿体基粒、基质片层扭曲,类囊体肿胀;随盐浓度的增加,形变加剧,叶绿体由椭圆形肿胀成圆形,叶绿体膜解体,且‘石头扁桃’叶绿体对盐胁迫比较敏感。综合分析发现,2种盐胁迫对植物造成伤害的机理不同,‘石头扁桃’的耐盐能力较差。  相似文献   

19.
    
We report the production and characteristics of natural cellulose fibers obtained from the leaves and stems of switchgrass. In this paper, the composition, structure and properties of fibers obtained from the leaves and stem of switchgrass have been studied in comparison to the common natural cellulose fibers, such as cotton, linen and kenaf. The leaves and stems of switchgrass have tensile properties intriguingly similar to that of linen and cotton, respectively. Fibers were obtained from the leaves and stems of switchgrass using a simple alkaline extraction and the structure and properties of the fibers were studied. Fibers obtained from switchgrass leaves have crystallinity of 51%, breaking tenacity of 5.5 g per denier (715 MPa) and breaking elongation of 2.2% whereas the corresponding values for fibers obtained from switchgrass stems are 46%, 2.7 g per denier and 6.8%, respectively. Switchgrass is a relatively easy to grow and high yield biomass crop that can be source to partially substitute the natural and synthetic fibers currently in use. We hope that this research will stimulate interests in using switchgrass as a novel fiber crop in addition to being promoted as a potential source for biofuels.  相似文献   

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