青冈常绿阔叶林内的小气候特征

分析我国中亚热带东部青冈（Ｑｕｅｒｃｕｓｇｌａｕｃａ）常绿阔叶林内的小气候特征,１９９３～１９９５年的研究结果表明：①到达青冈林的总太阳辐射为３３４４７８０ｋＪ／（ｍ２·ａ）,四季中群落的反射率、透射率和吸收率分别为１６％～２２％、９％～１２％和６７％～７４％。②林冠外上方及群落上层气温在白天高于群落下层,夜间低于群落下层,可相差３～５℃,夏季差异最大。③林内外空气相对湿度的日动态呈“Ｕ”型变化,林内夜间湿度高达９０％左右,午间较低,在５０％左右。在四季的晴天中,林冠上方的空气相对湿度均低于林内,相差５％～２２％,夏季和冬季差异最大。④林中的ＣＯ２浓度在林冠层最低,近地面层最高,各季节始终低于林外,其中夏、秋两季最明显。⑤在春、夏、秋３季中,土壤温度为白天高于夜间,而冬季则为夜间高于白天;土壤湿度以冬、春季较高（３１．９％和２８．５％）,夏季最低（１４．２％）。由于青冈次生林的叶面积指数较小,群落结构较简单,因而整个群落的透光系数较大,群落内外空气温湿度的差异也较小,体现出幼年林向中年林过渡阶段的特点     

桃园套种黑牧草对土壤热状况的影响及其模拟研究

在实地试验的基础上,分析和模拟了桃园套种黑牧草对土壤热状况的影响．结果表明,在牧草种植区和自然裸露区,阴天条件下平均土壤容积热容量分别为２．５４和２．５３Ｊ·ｃｍ－３·Ｃ－１,平均土壤导温率分别为１６．９和１０．４ｃｍ２·ｈ－１;土壤净热通量分别为１３６．６和１６７．６Ｊ·ｃｍ－２·ｄ－１;晴天条件下分别为２．９３和２．６１Ｊ·ｃｍ－２·℃－１,１６．３和５．８ｃｍ２·ｈ－１,８０．４和８５．２Ｊ·ｃｍ－２·ｄ－１．不同深度的土壤温度以一阶正弦波形式为主,土壤温度振幅随深度呈指数规律变化,自然裸露区的衰减系数大于牧草种植区;土壤温度位相落后随深度变化为０,４ｈ·ｃｍ－１     

火干扰对小兴安岭白桦沼泽温室气体排放的短期影响

利用静态箱-气相色谱法,研究了火干扰对小兴安岭白桦沼泽生长季CH4、CO2和N2O排放的季节变化、源/汇功能的影响,以及其与环境因子的关系.结果表明:轻度火干扰使白桦沼泽的气温和地表温度升高1.8℃～3.9℃,水位下降6.3 cm;重度火干扰使气温和0～40 cm土壤温度升高1.4 ℃～3.8℃,水位下降33.9 cm.轻度火烧、未火烧样地CH4呈春季吸收、夏秋季排放,重度火烧样地则呈春夏季吸收、秋季排放;未火烧样地CO2呈夏季>秋季≈春季,火干扰样地呈夏季>秋季>春季;未火烧样地N2O呈春季>夏季>秋季,轻度火烧样地呈秋季>春季>夏季,重度火烧样地呈夏季>秋季≈春季.未火烧样地CO2通量与气温、地表温度呈显著正相关,轻度火烧样地CO2通量与气温、5～10 cm土壤温度和水位呈显著正相关,重度火烧样地CO2通量与5～40 cm土壤温度呈显著正相关.火干扰使其CHM4排放量提高169.5%(轻度)或转变为弱吸收汇(重度),CO2和N2O排放量分别下降21.2%～34.7%和65.6%～95.8%,全球温暖潜势下降22.9%～36.6%.火干扰能够减少白桦沼泽温室气体排放,湿地管理实践中可适当开展有计划的火烧.     

温度对中华虎凤蝶幼虫生存与生长发育的影响

本文就温度对中华虎凤蝶幼虫的生存与生长发育进行了研究。结果表明,１龄幼虫１６～３２℃范围内的死亡率无显著差异;２龄幼虫死亡率在３２℃下达３０．９２％,显著高于其它温度;３～５龄幼虫３２℃下全部死亡,其它温度下多以２８℃为高。１～２龄幼虫在１６～３２℃和３～５龄幼虫在１６～２８℃范围内的发育历期随温度升高而显著缩短,而平均发育速率则反之。用Ｗｅｉｂｕｌｌ分布函数能较好地拟合各龄幼虫的存活率曲线,并由此判断出各存活率曲线类型。此外,还测定了各龄幼虫的发育起点温度和有效积温。最后建议中华虎凤蝶１～２龄和３～５龄幼虫饲养适宜温度分别为２８℃和２０～２４℃。     

中华绒螯蟹多倍体的诱导研究：Ⅱ热休克诱导中华绒螯蟹三倍体胚胎…

采用热闹休克方法在中华绒螯蟹进行了三倍体、四倍体的人工诱导研究。结果表明,在卵子受精后１０－２５分钟,用３８－４１℃的高温处理１－２分钟三倍体的平均诱导率为１０－５０％,则对受精后３０分钟的卵子进行了诱导,或在４０℃下处理超过２．５分和处理温度高于４２℃诱导１．５分钟的各试验组,均未检测到有三倍体胚胎。依据诱导三倍体的适宜诱导温度和处理时间,将受精后８１／２－９５／６小时的卵子用４０℃热休克处理１     

多孔菌液体发酵的研究

多孔菌Ｐｏｌｙｐｒｏｕｓｅｌｅｇａｎｓ（Ｂｕｌｌ）Ｆｒ。是一种新开发的真菌类中药材资源,经对其几个主要液体发酵培养条件的筛选研究,初步得出多孔菌深层发酵的基础参数：ＰＨ５．６～０．１;温度２４～２８℃;培养基为麦麸２．５％,蔗糖４％,ＮＨ４ＮＯ３０．０５％,ＫＨ：ＰＯ４０．０５％,ＭｇＳＯ４·７Ｈ２Ｏ０．０２５％。另外,摇瓶种子培养条件是：ＰＨ５．６～６．１;温度２８℃;培养基为ＰＤＡ＋ＶＢ１,添加３‰琼脂,时间为９６ｈｒ。     

鸡Zong菌的液体发酵与毒理研究

鸡Ｚｏｎｇ菌Ｔｅｒｍｉｔｏｍｙｃｅｓａｌｂｕｍｉｎｏｓｕｓ（Ｂｅｒｋ）．Ｈｅｉｍ采自四川西昌野生子实体,经分离,纯化,鉴定、保存于ＰＤＡ琼脂斜面培养基。报道鸡Ｚｏｎｇ菌菌丝体深层发酵在５００Ｌ发酵罐中,温度２８～３０℃,ｐＨ６．０～７．０接种量１％～１．５％,通气量为１：１～１：１．２（体积比）,可在３０ｈ获得鸡Ｚｏｎｇ菌菌丝体２４．５ｇ／Ｌ（干重）还对鸡Ｚｏｎｇ菌菌丝体的毒性进行了探讨,选用Ａｍ     

Cu对中国林蛙蝌蚪的急性毒性

试验测定了不同温度条件下Ｃｕ２＋对中国林蛙蝌蚪的急性毒性．结果表明,在水温为９～１３℃、１８℃和２４℃条件下,Ｃｕ２＋对１０ｄ龄中国林蛙蝌蚪９６ｈ的ＬＣ５０分别为５．０１、３．８０和２．９９ｍｇ·Ｌ－１,致死阈浓度分别为４．０、２．５和１．６ｍｇ·Ｌ－１,而在９６ｈ内的无可观察效应浓度分别为２．５、１．６和１．０ｍｇ·Ｌ－１．１８℃条件下Ｃｕ２＋对２０ｄ龄中国林蛙蝌蚪的９６ｈＬＣ５０为２．１７ｍｇ·Ｌ－１．     

火烧对羊草草原植物群落组成的影响

在羊草草原正常能着火季节内,通过人为点烧的方法,对比研究了不同时间火烧对植物群落组成的影响．结果表明,羊草－杂类草草原早春火烧后,群落密度、种类丰富度和多样性提高,均匀性降低;羊草典型草原秋季火烧后,群落密度、多样性和均匀性降低,种类丰富度提高．连续２次火烧除羊草和几种１—２年生植物密度增加外,其它各种群密度降低,群落多样性也降低,一些种类退出群落．     

准噶尔盆地两种荒漠群落土壤呼吸速率对人工降水的响应

通过野外定位观测准噶尔盆地荒漠植物群落(假木贼群落和盐穗木群落)在不同人工模拟降水强度下的土壤呼吸、土壤温度和湿度动态,探讨了荒漠群落土壤呼吸速率对降水后土壤增湿的响应.结果发现两种荒漠植物群落的土壤呼吸速率均出现了模拟降水后10min减小、随后逐渐增加、达到最大值后再次衰减的现象.降水处理的土壤呼吸速率最大值出现滞后于对照处理,且呼吸速率最大值及最大值后的递减速率普遍高于对照.降水后土壤呼吸速率变化受温度和土壤湿度共同影响,降水后10min土壤呼吸速率的减小与土壤湿度最大值同步,呼吸速率最大值出现时间与地表温度一致,在降水后180～300min.2类群落3种降水处理间的土壤呼吸速率在模拟降水后(0～450min时段)均未达到显著差异.假木贼群落以5mm降水处理的平均土壤呼吸速率最大,盐穗木群落则以2.5mm 处理最大.土壤呼吸速率对模拟降水的响应受降水量、降水前土壤湿润状况、土壤质地等多种因素影响.     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.