阳离子皂荚多糖在洗发水中的应用性能研究

将自制的阳离子皂荚多糖(取代度0.161)添加到洗发水配方中,对不同添加量的梳理性、硅油沉积量、泡沫性能、粘度稳定性进行了研究。试验结果:阳离子皂荚多糖的适宜添加量为0.5%;自制的阳离子皂荚多糖胶和取代度相近的阳离子瓜尔胶对硅油的沉降功能相近;添加阳离子皂荚多糖后,泡性性能、粘度稳定性均较好。综合其试验结果,阳离子皂荚多糖胶可以作为洗发水调理剂,其性能与传统的阳离子瓜尔胶相近,可作为后者的替代产品。     

Sphingomonas sp. X20絮凝特性及培养条件研究

目的:对分离筛选获得絮凝剂产生菌Sphingomonas sp.X20絮凝特性及培养条件进行研究.方法:采用单因素和正交实验确定最适产絮凝剂培养条件.结果:研究发现,菌株X20的微生物絮凝剂对高岭土悬液具有良好的絮凝效果,在温度为37℃、培养基初始pH7.0、摇床转速为100r/min条件下培养12h获得的絮凝剂絮凝活性最好,絮凝率达92.8%.正交实验结果表明,菌株Sphingomonas sp.X20产絮凝剂最佳培养基的组成:淀粉15g/L,NH4Cl 1.Og/L,KH2P04,2g/L,K2HP04 5g/L,NaC1 O.lg/L,MgS04·7H2O 0.2g/L,pH7.0.结论:菌株X20是一株高效的产絮凝剂菌,具有很好的应用前景.     

一株生物絮凝剂产生菌的筛选及絮凝活性研究

从活性污泥中筛选到一株产絮凝剂的菌株WJ-100。该菌株产絮凝剂的适宜pH塑6．5。适宜温度为25℃～40℃,摇床速度为80～240r／min;Na^＋、K^＋、Ca^2＋、Fe^3＋均有较好的促絮凝作用,Ca^2＋尤为显著;WJ-100以多种糖类为良好碳源,絮凝率达99.2％、99．8％甚至100％;该菌株在高岭土悬液pH2．0～10．0范围均有较好的絮凝效果。WJ-100在较大的pH、温度、碳源、摇床速度、搅拌速度等范围内均具有很高的絮凝活性,显示出重要的研究和应用价值。     

一株絮凝剂产生菌的筛选鉴定及培养条件

从淤泥中筛选到1株高效微生物絮凝剂产生菌JX18,经过对其形态特征、生理生化特性、以及16SrRNA序列分析初步鉴定为荧光假单胞菌。该菌培养40h进入稳定期,48h时絮凝活性达到最大。进一步研究表明:菌株JX18最适培养基初始pH值7.0,培养温度30°C,摇床转速160r/min,最佳碳源和氮源分别为葡萄糖和蛋白胨。最适培养条件下,所产絮凝剂对高岭土悬浮液的絮凝活性达到90.56%。     

甲壳素季铵盐的均相合成及絮凝性能研究

将天然甲壳素直接溶于Na OH/尿素水溶液,以2,3-环氧丙基三甲基氯化铵为醚化剂,均相合成甲壳素季铵盐(QC)。产物用FT-IR、1H NMR、XRD和热分析仪分别进行了表征;并以QC为阳离子型絮凝剂,研究其对蒙脱土悬浮液的絮凝性能,考察了絮凝剂的浓度、絮凝时间、温度和p H值对QC絮凝性能的影响。结果表明:Na OH/尿素水体系下成功均相制备了甲壳素季铵盐,其取代度为0.41,季铵基团的引入明显改变了多糖的聚集态结构和热稳定性能;常温下,当QC浓度为0.5%,絮凝时间为30 min时,其对较宽p H值范围的蒙脱土悬浮液均有较好的絮凝效果,絮凝效率(FE)最高可达98%。     

植物单宁的絮凝研究

研究了利用超临界CO2萃取技术提取的植物单宁提取液对高岭土悬浊液的絮凝效果。通过烧杯混凝试验进行单因素试验研究,确定了植物单宁对高岭土悬浊液的最佳浓度、投加量、沉淀时间、pH值和温度。试验表明,植物单宁具有一定的絮凝作用,对高岭土悬浊液的絮凝处理效果较好,得到较适宜的絮凝处理条件为：处理浓度20mL／L,投加量60mL,沉淀时间5min,pH值3．0,温度25℃。     

磁性羧甲基壳聚糖微球结构及性能表征及其用于造纸废水处理研究

采用反相悬浮法制备改性壳聚糖磁性微粒絮凝剂,并探讨了该絮凝剂对造纸废水的絮凝作用,着重考察了絮凝剂的投入量、体系pH值、搅拌速度、搅拌时间、沉降时间对造纸废水中COD去除率的影响。结果表明在最佳条件下该絮凝剂对造纸废水的COD去除率可达56.52%,且具有投入量少、pH应用范围广、絮凝时间和沉降时间短的优点,说明改性壳聚糖磁性微粒作为絮凝剂对造纸废水的处理切实可行。     

微生物絮凝剂产生菌的筛选及其培养条件优化

从广西大学食用菌废弃料中分离出7株絮凝剂产生菌,以发酵液对高岭土悬浮液絮凝效果为指标衡量其絮凝活性及产絮凝剂能力,经过初筛与复筛,筛选到一株絮凝剂高产菌F00,初步确定属曲霉属(Aspergillus),并对其产生絮凝剂的条件进行优化.     

磁性羧甲基壳聚糖微粒结构及性能表征及其用于造纸废水处理研究

采用反相悬浮法制备改性壳聚糖磁性微粒絮凝剂,并探讨了该絮凝剂对造纸废水的絮凝作用,着重考察了絮凝剂的投入量、体系pH值、搅拌速度、搅拌时间、沉降时间对造纸废水中COD去除率的影响。结果表明在最佳条件下该絮凝剂对造纸废水的COD去除率可达56.52%,且具有投入量少、pH应用范围广、絮凝时间和沉降时间短的优点,说明改性壳聚糖磁性微粒作为絮凝剂对造纸废水的处理切实可行。     

瓜尔胶与结冷胶复配协效作用规律及粘度流变性研究

瓜尔胶是一种天然高分子化合物,作为增稠剂、稳定剂被广泛使用。瓜尔胶可以与多种多糖胶复配,得到凝胶或高粘度溶液。结冷胶是一种优良的微生物多糖胶,具有极佳的稳定及悬浮效果,在含乳饮料及液态产品中应用广泛。由于其价格较高,溶胶受pH及阳离子浓度影响较大,结冷胶的应用常常受到限制。本文研究了结冷胶-瓜尔胶的配比、pH、离子种类和浓度对瓜尔胶-结冷胶复配体粘度的影响。研究结果表明:复配胶具有协同增粘效果;复配胶粘度在pH值7~11范围内随pH值升高而下降,在pH值为3~7范围内随pH值升高而上升;在盐离子达到一定浓度时,单独的结冷胶无法形成均一体系,而瓜尔胶-结冷胶复配体系能够形成稳定溶胶。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.