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癌症已成为全球头号杀手,迫切需要从自然界寻找更新、更有效的抗肿瘤药物。植物内生真菌是指生活在宿主植物体内,不会对宿主植物组织引起明显病害症状的一类真菌。众多研究表明,植物内生真菌在寻找抗肿瘤药物中起着至关重要的作用。随着植物内生真菌研究的深入,从植物内生真菌中寻找新的抗肿瘤活性成分已成为研究的热点。大量的抗肿瘤活性成分从植物内生真菌中分离出来,并表现出良好的抗肿瘤活性。目前,植物内生真菌抗肿瘤活性代谢产物主要有紫杉醇、喜树碱、长春新碱,鬼臼毒素等等,本文主要对近年来植物内生真菌抗肿瘤活性成分的研究进展进行了综述。 相似文献
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鬼臼类植物内生真菌的分离及其抗癌活性研究 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
王兴红 《天然产物研究与开发》2006,18(5):723-727
通过对三属四种鬼臼类植物地下茎内生真菌的分离,发现鬼臼类植物地下茎中内生真菌的物种类型极其丰富,主要分布在地下茎的表皮层和维管组织中,来源于外界环境.通过对包括鬼臼类植物在内的7种植物内生真菌的抗癌活性测定,发现内生真菌的抗癌活性与宿主有密切有关系,鬼臼类植物地下茎内生真菌含有较高比例的抗癌活性菌株.宿主种类、地理位置都会影响内生真菌的分布,进而影响活性菌株出现的频率.通过对所有鬼臼类植物地下茎内生真菌次生代谢产物的深入分析,并没有发现产生鬼臼毒素的内生真菌,鬼臼类植物地下茎内生真菌的抗癌活性成分是独立产生的. 相似文献
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云南会泽铅锌矿废弃矿渣堆常见植物内生真菌多样性 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
从云南会泽铅锌矿废弃矿渣堆上的常见植物硬毛南芥(Arabis hirsuta)、毛萼香茶菜(Rabbosia eriocalyx)和倒挂刺(Rosa longicuspis)等6种植物的690个组织块中共分离得到内生真菌495株,内生真菌的分离频率在0.42—0.93之间,平均为0.72,所有植物茎内生真菌的分离频率都明显高于叶(P<0.05)。经形态学鉴定,内生真菌分属于茎点霉属(Phoma)、交链孢属(Alternaria)和派伦霉属(Peyronellaea)等20个分类单元,其中茎点霉属和派伦霉属为该废弃矿渣堆上常见植物的优势内生真菌属。6种植物内生真菌的多样性指数在1.05—2.29之间,与其它非重金属污染环境植物内生真菌的多样性指数相似,说明在重金属污染地区仍然存在多种重金属耐受的内生真菌种类。6种植物内生真菌的相似性系数(0.455—0.833)表明,会泽铅锌矿区植物内生真菌的宿主专一性较小。 相似文献
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植物内生真菌研究概况及其在农业上的应用前景 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
主要概述了植物内生真菌的研究状况、内生真菌的种类及分类地位;分析了内生真菌感染植物后对植物的生长、抗逆性、抗病能力、抗虫能力的影响;提出了植物内生真菌在农业上的应用前景。 相似文献
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植物内生真菌---类应用前景广阔的资源微生物 总被引:29,自引:0,他引:29
从内生真菌的基本生物学特征出发,着重对近年来关于植物内生真菌的生物学作用方面的研究情况进行了综述,主要包括内生真菌对植物生长发育及其抗逆性的促进作用、内生真菌与生物防治、内生真菌与抗癌药物的开发等.最后还对内生真菌在实际应用中存在的问题和可能采取的措施进行了总结. 相似文献
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禾本科植物内生真菌资源及其物种多样性 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
植物内生真菌是当代微生物资源研究的一个热门话题,对禾本科植物内生真菌资源研究进行了总结。与冷季型禾本科植物共生的麦角菌科epichlo内生真菌是目前的研究重点,包括偶尔在宿主植物体表形成子座的Epichlo属真菌和几乎完全不形成症状的Neotyphodium属真菌。具体介绍该真菌类群的物种多样性及其地理分布多样性,概括了它们在全球各大区域的分布特征。对近年来中国迅速发展的epichlo内生真菌的研究作了总结,最后展望了国际国内epichlo内生真菌资源探索的发展方向。特别指出:冷季型禾本科植物内生真菌在南美洲和亚洲,暖季型禾本科植物内生真菌在热带亚热带地区的研究还相对薄弱,值得今后继续加强探索和挖掘。 相似文献
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植物内生菌及其防治植物病害的研究进展 总被引:78,自引:0,他引:78
综述了植物内生菌及其防治植物病害的研究进展.植物内生菌分布广,种类多,几乎存在于所有目前已研究过的陆生及水生植物中,目前全世界至少已在80个属290多种禾本科植物中发现有内生真菌,在各种农作物及经济作物中发现的内生细菌已超过120种.感染内生菌的植物宿主往往具有生长快速、抗逆境、抗病害、抗动物危害等优势,比未感染内生菌的植株更具生存竞争力.植物内生菌的防病机理主要表现在通过产生抗生素类,水解酶类,植物生长调节剂和生物碱类物质,与病原菌竞争营养物质,增强宿主植物的抵抗力以及诱导植物产生系统抗性等途径抑制病原菌生长.另外,对植物内生真菌和内生细菌的分离、筛选和检测方法;利用植物内生菌控制植物病害的途径如人工接种内生菌,利用内生菌代谢产生的抗生素以及将内生菌作为基因工程的载体菌等进行了综述.同时,对植物内生菌作为生物防治因子未来发展前景及存在的问题进行了讨论.利用植物内生菌作为生物防治因子进行大田防病,需要考虑它的病理学、生态学和形态学等方面的影响. 相似文献
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Jason G. Wallace 《Molecular Plant Pathology》2023,24(7):801-810
Maize is a vital global crop, and each seed (kernel) hosts an ecosystem of microbes living inside it. However, we know very little about these endophytes and what their role is in plant production and physiology. In this Microreview, I summarize the major questions around maize seed endophytes, including what organisms are present, how they get there, whether and how they transmit across generations, and how they and the plant affect each other. Although several studies touch on each of these areas, ultimately there are far more questions than answers. Future priorities for research on maize seed endophytes should include understanding what adaptations allow microbes to be seed endophytes, how the host genetics and the environment affect these communities, and how maize seed endophytes ultimately contribute to the next generation of plants. 相似文献
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《Fungal Ecology》2015
Fungal endophytes are species rich and ubiquitous, yet, apart from the genus Epichloë, their ecology is largely unknown. Here we explore how herbivores affect the diversity of fungal endophytes in tundra grasslands. We assess both hyphal morphological and taxonomic diversity in grass individuals.By microscopic examination we identified endophytes to be present in all sampled grass individuals whereas identification to taxonomic units were only achieved in a subset of the individuals using laser micro dissection pressure catapulting and culturing for endophyte isolation. Hyphal morphological diversity was significantly higher in grasses exposed to grazing, along with 45 % more taxonomic units achieved.Our results suggest that grazing is an important mediator of fungal endophyte diversity in tundra grasslands. Furthermore, we suggest laser dissection of stained endophytes as a method for further exploring the ecological role of fungal endophytes. 相似文献
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禾草内生真菌在宿主植物的茎叶等地上组织中普遍存在,不仅能够提高禾草对生物与非生物逆境的抗性,而且能够对周围环境中的不同微生物类群产生影响。主要总结了禾草Neotyphodium/Epichlo内生真菌对病原真菌、丛枝菌根真菌和土壤微生物的影响及其作用机理。发现禾草内生真菌普遍存在对病原真菌的抑制作用,而对丛枝菌根真菌存在不对称的竞争作用,且因种类而异。禾草内生真菌对土壤微生物群落的作用则会随着土壤类型和时间等外界因素发生变化。禾草内生真菌对不同类群微生物的影响机制主要包括:通过生态位竞争、抑菌物质分泌、诱导抗病性等对病原真菌造成影响;通过根系化学物质释放、营养元素调节、侵染条件差异等对丛枝菌根真菌造成影响;通过根际沉积物和凋落物等对土壤微生物群落造成影响。禾草内生真菌产生的生物碱能提高宿主植物对包括昆虫在内草食动物采食的抗性,影响病原菌的侵入、定殖和扩展;根组织分泌物中包含次生代谢产物能够抑制菌根真菌、土传病原真菌及其它土壤微生物的侵染与群落组成;也可能通过次生代谢物影响禾草的其它抗性。因此,禾草内生真菌在植物-微生物系统中的作用应该给予更多的关注和深入研究。 相似文献
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Evolutionary origins and ecological consequences of endophyte symbiosis with grasses 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Over the past 20 yr much has been learned about a unique symbiotic interaction between fungal endophytes and grasses. The fungi (Clavicipitaceae, Ascomycota) grow intercellularly and systemically in aboveground plant parts. Vertically transmitted asexual endophytes forming asymptomatic infections of cool-season grasses have been repeatedly derived from sexual species that abort host inflorescences. The phylogenetic distribution of seed-transmitted endophytes is strongly suggestive of cocladogenesis with their hosts. Molecular evidence indicates that many seed-transmitted endophytes are interspecific hybrids. Superinfection may result in hyphal fusion and parasexual recombination. Most endophytes produce one or more alkaloid classes that likely play some role in defending the host plant against pests. Hybridization may have led to the proliferation of alkaloid-production genes among asexual endophytes, favoring hybrids. The ergot alkaloid ergovaline, lolitrems, and lolines are produced by only a single sexual species, Epichlo? festucae, but they are common in seed-transmitted endophytes, suggesting that E. festucae contributed genes for their synthesis. Asexual hybrids may also be favored by the counteracting of the accumulation of deleterious mutations (Muller's rachet). Endophyte infection can provide other benefits, such as enhanced drought tolerance, photosynthetic rate, and growth. Estimates of infection frequency have revealed variable levels of infection with especially high prevalence in the subfamily Pooideae. Longitudinal studies suggest that the prevalence of seed-transmitted endophytes can increase rapidly over time. In field experiments, infected tall fescue suppressed other grasses and forbs relative to uninfected fescue and supported lower consumer populations. Unlike other widespread plant/microbial symbioses based on the acquisition of mineral resources, grass/endophyte associations are based primarily on protection of the host from biotic and abiotic stresses. 相似文献
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T. S. Suryanarayanan T. S. Murali N. Thirunavukkarasu M. B. Govinda Rajulu G. Venkatesan R. Sukumar 《Biodiversity and Conservation》2011,20(5):913-928
Fungal endophytes of tropical trees are expected to be exceptionally species rich as a consequence of high tree diversity
in the tropics and the purported host restriction among the endophytes. Based on this premise, endophytes have been regarded
as a focal group for estimating fungal numbers because their possible hyperdiverse nature would reflect significantly global
fungal diversity. We present our consolidated ten-year work on 75 dicotyledonous tree hosts belonging to 33 families and growing
in three different types of tropical forests of the NBR in the Western Ghats, southern India. We conclude that endophyte diversity
in these forests is limited due to loose host affiliations among endophytes. Some endophytes have a wide host range and colonize
taxonomically disparate hosts suggesting adaptations in them to counter a variety of defense chemicals in their hosts. Furthermore,
such polyphagous endophytes dominate the endophyte assemblages of different tree hosts. Individual leaves may be densely colonized
but only by a few endophyte species. It appears that the environment (the type of forest in this case) has a larger role in
determining the endophyte assemblage of a plant host than the taxonomy of the host plant. Thus, different tropical plant communities
have to be studied for their endophyte diversity to test the generalization that endophytes are hyperdiverse in the tropics,
estimate their true species richness, and use them as a predictor group for more accurate assessment of global fungal diversity. 相似文献
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Relationships among non-Acremonium sp. fungal endophytes in five grass species. 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1 下载免费PDF全文
Z Q An M R Siegel W Hollin H F Tsai D Schmidt C L Schardl 《Applied microbiology》1993,59(5):1540-1548
Many cool-season grasses (subfamily Pooideae) possess maternally transmitted fungal symbionts which cause no known pathology and often enhance the ecological fitness and biochemical capabilities of the grass hosts. The most commonly described endophytes are the Acremonium section Albo-lanosa spp. (Acremonium endophytes), which are conidial anamorphs (strictly asexual forms) of Epichloë typhina. Other endophytes which have been noted are a Gliocladium-like fungus in perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) and a Phialophora-like fungus in tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.). Here, we report the identification of additional non-Acremonium sp. endophytes (herein designated p-endophytes) in three more grass species: Festuca gigantea, Festuca arizonica, and Festuca pratensis. In each grass species, the p-endophyte was cosymbiotic with an Acremonium endophyte. Serological analysis and sequence determinations of variable portions of their rRNA genes indicated that the two previously identified non-Acremonium endophytes are closely related to each other and to the newly identified p-endophytes. Therefore, the p-endophytes represent a second group of widely distributed grass symbionts. 相似文献