链霉菌J-13-3中的第19家族壳多糖酶

壳多糖酶(几丁质酶)[EC3．2．1．14]水解壳多糖的β-1,4-键,产生N-酰氨基葡萄糖(GlcNAc)和(GlcNAc)2。根据催化结构域氨基酸序列的相似性,壳多糖酶分别属于18和19家族的糖基水解酶。除了一些链霉菌和气单胞菌等的壳多糖酶属于19家族外,所有细菌的壳多糖酶都属于18家族糖基水解酶。大多数19家族的壳多糖酶是在植物中发现的,除了降解壳多糖还可以抵抗真菌的侵染。     

丝氨酸蛋白酶的重组表达

丝氨酸蛋白酶是蛋白酶家族中的一大家族 ,广泛分布于细菌、病毒、真菌、植物、动物中 ,并参与生命的各种反应。随着丝氨酸蛋白酶研究的深入 ,重组表达获得大量的目的蛋白酶已成为研究该类蛋白酶的一大基础技术。本文重点综述了丝氨酸蛋白酶在不同表达系统中重组表达的优缺点及最新进展。     

植物内生真菌及其活性代谢产物研究进展

植物内生真菌是一大类未被充分研究过的真菌,其物种及代谢产物均具有生物多样性,现今从植物内生真菌中得到的活性物质种类远比从土壤微生物中得到的多。对植物内生真菌的研究具有重要的生态学意义和经济学意义,在各个领域中应用前景广泛。作者主要综述了植物内生真菌及其活性物质研究的最新进展。     

昆虫葡萄糖氧化酶及其功能

葡萄糖氧化酶(glucose oxidase,GOX)广泛分布于动物、植物及微生物体内,特别是真菌中。与真菌的GOX相比,有关昆虫GOX特性和功能的研究很有限,但近期发现其在昆虫与植物相互关系中起着非常重要的作用。通过与真菌GOX比较,文章主要综述GOX的性质、分布以及昆虫中GOX生理功能、作用和演化,并进一步讨论其研究进展。     

菌根真菌是唱响生物共生交响曲的主角——菌根真菌专辑序言

地球上任何生物都不是单独进行生命活动和进化的,即生物之间更多的是依靠密切联合、共生互助、需求互补和共同发展。其中,陆地生态系统中的强大分解者真菌和强大生产者植物关系密切,特别是以菌根真菌(mycorrhizal fungi)为代表的植物共生真菌自始至终与植物共生,这一强-强共生联合在维持生态平衡、保存生态系统可持续生产力与生态系统综合服务功能体系中,其分布之广、作用之多、功能之强和贡献之大,可谓名副其实的生物共生体系中的主导者。近年来,中国在真菌与植物共生研究领域成绩斐然,占据世界重要地位。本期《菌物学报》"菌根真菌专刊"刊登了2篇综述和20篇研究报告。综述分别对丛枝菌根(AM)真菌在煤矿区生态修复应用研究和兰科植物与菌根真菌的营养关系进行了总结和热点论述;研究报告分别对菌物界球囊菌门AM真菌全球公认种的中文学名给予了全面规范正确的描述、对中国部分林区红桦外生菌根真菌多样性、华山松印度块菌菌根中的块菌交配型基因、AM真菌对枳吸收磷和分泌磷酸酶的影响、转Bt基因棉叶片腐熟物抑制AM真菌定殖及菌根对磷的吸收、低pH影响AM真菌丛枝发育和磷的吸收、接种AM真菌与间作对红壤上玉米和大豆种间氮素竞争的影响、AM真菌及其菌种组合对植物根结线虫病害的影响以及接种AM真菌和施加铁可协同降低水稻砷累积等方面进行了研究。本期内容基本体现了中国菌根真菌分类、物种多样性、生理学、生态学、生理生态效应与作用机制研究的最新进展,对当前和今后开展植物共生真菌的研究具有重要的引领作用。     

miRNA在植物发育与环境适应性中的作用

植物miRNA是广泛分布于植物基因组的非编码小分子RNA．是真核生物基因表达的一类负调控因子,主要通过指导靶基因的切割或降低靶基因的翻译从转录后水平上来抑制植物基因表达．从而影响植物形态发生、发育过程和适应环境的能力。本文综述了植物miRNA形成、作用机理、功能等方面研究的最新进展,总结了现有miRNA研究方法的优缺点,提出了miRNA在植物适应养分和元素毒害胁迫过程中的调节作用．拓宽了该领域研究的思路。     

我国植物病原真菌最新研究进展——植物病原真菌专刊序言

本期《菌物学报》"植物病原真菌专刊"刊登了12篇文章,其中关于病原真菌种类调查、鉴定及形态描述的文章5篇,病原真菌检测与检疫的文章2篇,病原真菌种群结构的文章2篇,基因组学研究进展的文章3篇。本期内容基本体现了我国植物病原真菌研究的最新进展,对今后的植物病原菌形态分类、分子分析和基因组学研究都具有重要的参考价值。     

植物内生真菌在医药开发上的应用研究及展望

本文主要概述了植物内生真菌及其生理活性物质研究的最新进展,而今,它们在医药领域的应用越来越受到人们的关注,植物内生真菌是新的天然药物的重要源泉,在新药开发上具有广阔的发展前景。     

菌根真菌与兰科植物生境选择的相关性研究进展

随着基因测序技术的发展,研究者获取了大量有关兰科菌根真菌群落组成的信息。这些信息为探究菌根真菌与兰科植物的生境选择之间的相关性提供了有力证据。综合过去近10年的研究结果,根据兰科植物广域分布、异质性生境、小生境共存以及生态位分化等分布特征,对不同分布特征的兰科菌根真菌群落组成差异进行了梳理归纳,发现：广域分布的兰科植物通常具有泛化的菌根特征,或其特定的真菌伙伴亦具有广域分布特征;异质性生境会导致兰科菌根真菌群落组成差异,暗示菌根真菌在兰科植物适应不同异质性生境过程中具有特殊的生态功能;在同一区域中共存的兰科植物,其菌根真菌群落组成具有显著差异,有效避免了不同种兰科植物对同种养分的竞争;不同生态位分化的兰科植物,其菌根真菌群落组成具有显著差异,表明菌根真菌在宿主植物的生态位分化过程中亦起到重要作用。未来还应在大尺度空间兰科植物的菌根真菌类群变化、促进种子萌发特异性真菌类群以及菌根真菌的生态功能等方面加强研究。期望能为从事相关研究的业界同仁提供参考,并为兰科植物多样性保护及生态恢复提供理论参考。     

AMCase、Eotaxin-3及IL-13在动物模型中的研究进展

人类疾病的动物模型（AnimalModelofHumanDiseases）是生物医学科学研究中所建立的动物实验对象和材料。近年来,随着对动物模型的研究,各种人类疾病的实验模型得到广泛应用。酸性哺乳动物壳多糖酶（AMCase）作为壳多糖酶家族重要成员之一,与其下游信号分子嗜酸性粒细胞趋化因子（eotaxin．3）以及白细胞介素13（IL-3）的级联免疫反应,近年来成为了动物模型研究中的热点。本文总结了AMCase、eotaxin．3及IL-13在动物模型中的研究进展及其临床意义。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.