菠菜种子胰蛋白酶抑制剂的分离纯化与部分性质研究

以菠菜种子为材料,经脱脂、酸性溶液抽提、热变性、硫酸铵分部沉淀得到胰蛋白酶抑制剂粗提物。再经离子交换、亲和层析和凝胶过滤,分离得到胰蛋白酶抑制剂SOTI,纯化倍数为57．22。SDS-PAGE测定其分子量约为22kD,等电聚焦测定其等电点为4．02。SOTI具有较高的热稳定性,在100℃处理后仍然具有一定的抑制活性。     

竹叶青蛇毒血小板聚集剂的分离纯化及生化特性

经ＳｅｐｈａｄｅｘＧ－７５凝胶过滤和ＦＰＬＣＭｏｎｏＱ阴离子交换柱层析及Ｓｕｐｅｒｏｓｅ－１２凝胶过滤,从竹叶青蛇的蛇毒中纯化到一个能诱导人血小板聚集的均一组分．经ＳＤＳ－聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳测定其分子量为６８０００左右．等电点为４．３．测定了它的氨基酸组成,对它活化血小板的作用机理进行了初步研究,结果表明它是一种强的血小板激动剂．     

五步蛇蛇毒类凝血酶N端的部分氨基酸序列

从五步蛇蛇毒中纯化得到的类凝血酶,在SDS-PAGE及IEF均为一条带,且分子质量约38 ku,等电点约为4.0。测定该酶N端15个氨基酸的序列是VIGGVECDINEHRFL,与其他的蛇毒类凝血酶有高度同源性。     

一种新的植物低分子量ATPase的纯化及性质研究

采用丙酮粉技术,DEAE-Sephadex A50及FPLC离子交换层析技术从玉米花粉胞质中分离纯化了一种具有ATPase活性和GTPase活性的低分子量可溶性蛋白,纯化倍数为105倍.用SDS-PAGE、二维电泳及薄层扫描技术分析了分离样品的纯度.亚基分子量约为38ku,非变性PAGE测定的全酶分子量为76ku,表明该酶分子是由两个相同亚基组成的二聚体蛋白.等电聚焦电泳测定其等电点为5.6,是酸性蛋白质.用抗牛脑dynamin或kinesin的抗体进行Western-blotting,结果表明该酶蛋白与它们无免疫交叉反应.药理学研究表明:38ku蛋白对Na₃VO₄及NEM均非常敏感.     

竹叶青蛇毒凝血酶样酶氨基酸序列报道

蛇毒凝血酶样酶可作为蛋白酶结构与功能研究的良好模型,并已广泛用于各种血栓疾病的诊断和治疗,因而测定其一级结构具有重要意义．利用逆转录与聚合酶链反应相结合的ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ法,扩增出竹叶青蛇毒凝血酶样酶（ＴＳＶ－ＴＥＬ１）的ｃＤＮＡ;将扩增的ｃＤＮＡ片段克隆入ｐＧＥＭ－Ｔ载体中,经末端终止法测定核苷酸序列,推导出竹叶青蛇毒凝血酶样酶的全序列．竹叶青蛇毒凝血酶样酶由２３４个氨基酸组成并含有１个位于Ａｓｎ２０的Ｎ－型糖基结合位点．竹叶青蛇毒凝血酶样酶序列与其它蛇种来源凝血酶样酶具有较大相似性,其与黄绿烙铁头蛇毒凝血酶样酶序列相似度为８４％,与美洲矛头蝮蛇毒凝血酶样酶序列相似度为６８％,而与牛凝血酶Ｂ链序列相似度仅为２５％．     

草菇低温诱导蛋白分离纯化及其部分性质的测定

采用硫酸铵分级沉淀和制备电泳分离技术,从低温处理过的草菇菌丝中分离纯化得到三种低温诱导蛋白,分别命名为CspDZG1,CspDZG2,CspDZG3。IEF测定了等电点,分别为3．7,4．4,4．4。SDS-PAGE结果表明,CspDZG1,CspDZG2由一条多肽组成,分子量分别为56kD,54．5kD;CspDZG3由两个亚基组成,分子量分别为54．5kD,68kD。经S.aureus V8蛋白酶酶解后,测定了N端氨基酸序列。     

中华硬蜱凝血酶抑制剂的分离纯化与活性

通过凝胶过滤和反相高压液相层析。从200只半饱吸血的中华硬蜱(Ixodide sinesis)唾液腺中分离纯化得到一凝血酶抑制剂。用飞行质谱测定其分子量为6．356kDa,与其他蜱类来源的凝血酶抑制剂分子量不同,提示为一新蛋白分子。该抑制剂对凝血酶有强烈的抑制活性,对激活的第X因子和胰蛋白酶有微弱的抑制活性。其发现将为发展疫苗、生物控制中华硬蜱提供资料和目标抗原。     

白菜型油菜种子胰蛋白酶抑制剂纯化及部分性质研究

采用热变性、硫酸铵分步盐析及离子交换层析和分子筛层析等方法,从白菜型油菜种子中得到胰蛋白酶抑制剂(BNTI)。SDS-PAGE检测为单一条带,表明纯化的胰蛋白酶抑制剂电泳均一。SDS-PAGE测定其分子量约为14．4kD,等电聚焦测定其等电点约为4．7。BNTI具有较高的热稳定性。本文还考察了温度对溶液中BCH蛋白构象的影响,荧光光谱和测定抑制活力结果表明BNTI中的色氨酸和酪氨酸残基位于疏水部位。     

双向电泳和肽质量指纹谱技术鉴定支气管上皮细胞恶性转化相关蛋白质ANX1-human

采用 2 - D PAGE及质谱技术对α粒子照射诱发人支气管上皮恶性转化细胞的不同阶段进行了比较蛋白组分析与鉴定 .2 - D电泳后在分子量 1 4.4～ 94k D,等电点 3～ 1 0范围内分离出约 1 1 0 0个不同蛋白质斑点 .对等电点约 7,分子量约 40 k D的蛋白质点进行了质谱分析 .鉴定出分子量为38.58k D、等电点 6.64的蛋白质 ANX1 - human(脂皮质蛋白 ,lipocortin ) ,并且发现该蛋白质在BEP2 D细胞恶性转化过程的不同时期存在差异表达 .提示蛋白质 ANX1 - human参与了支气管上皮细胞恶性转化过程 ,与细胞恶性转化相关 .     

一种新的大肠埃希菌O157:H7 vero细胞毒素的纯化及特性分析

目的研究出血性大肠埃希菌的vero细胞毒素。方法通过超声破碎,硫酸铵沉淀及两次离子交换层析,再经过凝胶过滤,最终从大肠埃希菌O157：H7 882364菌株获得了一种新的vero细胞毒素。对此毒素进行细胞毒性测定和分子量及等电点的测定,并对毒素的N端15个氨基酸序列进行了检测。结果用凝较过滤层析测定纯化的vero细胞毒素分子量为43KD,等电点为3．8,蛋白N端15个氨基酸序列为SFELPALPYAKDALA,其对vero细胞的CD50为4bg。结论这种毒素与VT1毒素和VT2毒素明显不同,因此初步确定为新毒素,称之为VT3。通过实验将推动我国对出血性大肠埃希菌O157：H7的致病性研究和对VT类毒素和抗毒素的进一步研制和应用。     

Purification and characterization of a fibrinogenase from the venom of Western Diamondback rattlesnake (Crotalus atrox)

A fibrinogenolytic enzyme was isolated from the venom of Western Diamondback rattlesnake (Crotalus atrox) by a three-step procedure involving gel filtration and anion-exchange chromatography. The molecular weight was estimated as 22 900 by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The isoelectric point was found to be pH 4.65. The enzyme rapidly destroyed the ability of bovine fibrinogen to form a clot on incubation with thrombin. Incubation of fibrinogen with the fibrinogenolytic enzyme for 5 min resulted in the disappearance of the beta-chain of fibrinogen and the appearance of lower molecular weight fragments. Thus the enzyme can be classified as a beta-fibrinogenase. However, on prolonged incubation of the fibrinogen there was also a partial digestion of the alpha-chain. The fibrinogenase showed no activity towards fibrin or casein or arginine esters. The fibrinogenolytic activity was inhibited by phenylmethanesulphonyl fluoride (PMSF) but was unaffected by EDTA.     

Bothrops jararaca antithrombin: Isolation,characterization and comparison with other animal antithrombins

Antithrombin was purified from Bothrops jararaca plasma by affinity chromatography using HiTrap Heparin HP column, and its molecular weight, amino-terminal sequence, carbohydrate content, isoelectric point, inhibition of bovine thrombin, and immunological properties were studied and compared with previously described antithrombins. B. jararaca antithrombin is a single-chain glycoprotein with a total carbohydrate content of 18%. The molecular weight from SDS-PAGE was 61 kDa and the inhibitor exhibited an acidic isoelectric point (4.5). The amino-terminal sequence has been determined as His-Glu-Ser-Ser-Val-Gln-Asp-Ile-Ile-Thr, which is highly homologous to the terminal sequences of other animal antithrombins, indicating high amino acid conservation among several animals. Immunological cross-reactivity was observed among fish, frog, chicken, human, non-venomous snake and B. jararaca antithrombins. B. jararaca antithrombin showed inhibitory activity upon human and B. jararaca coagulation and amidolytic substrate S-2238.     

The purification of a bovine kidney enzyme which cleaves melanocyte-stimulating hormone-release inhibiting factor.

An enzyme which catalyzes the hydrolysis of L-prolyl-L-leucylglycinamide, the factor which inhibits the release of melanocyte-stimulating hormone, was purified 189-fold from bovine kidney in a 5% yield. The molecular weight of the enzyme on gel filtration was estimated to be 300 000 and its isoelectric point was found to be pH 4.1. The single component seen on sodium dodecyl sulphate-gel electrophoresis was estimated to have a molecular weight of 56 000, indicating that the native enzyme may be a pentamer or hexamer. The enzyme could clearly be distinguished from other prolyl-cleaving enzymes.     

二维电泳分离牛精子蛋白的技术研究

二维电泳是蛋白质分离技术并可由于对精子蛋白的分离。本研究旨在通过对双向电泳条件的研究摸索出一种适用于分离牛精子蛋白的二维电泳技术,并利用其对牛精子蛋白进行分离鉴定。在实验中,优化了等电聚焦程序,研究了精子蛋白的不同制备方法、不同上样量、不同胶条长度对电泳结果的影响。结果表明,采用尿素－盐酸胍两步裂解法裂解精子细胞制备蛋白,使用13cm非线性胶条进行蛋白二维电泳,能获得较好的电泳图谱。图谱经二维电泳软件分析,可检测出约800多个蛋白质点,分子量基本分布在10~100KD、等电点约为4~9的区域内。对精子蛋白二维电泳条件的摸索,为后续牛精子X、Y差异蛋白的检测和分析奠定了理论基础。     

Homology between regulatory subunits of type I cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinases from bovine and murine cells

The major cAMP-binding proteins isolated from [³⁵S]methionine-labeled S49 mouse lymphoma cells or MDBK bovine kidney cells correspond in isoelectric point and apparent molecular weight to the regulatory subunit (R) of type I cAMP-dependent protein kinase. These proteins were compared directly by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis of peptides generated either from native R with thermolysin and chymotrypsin or from denatured R with papain. Both the undigested proteins and all their major peptides were identical in charge and apparent molecular weights, indicating a very high degree of structural homology.     

Isolation and properties of carboxycathepsin (peptidyl-dipeptidase) from bovine lung tissue]

2200-fold purified homogenous preparation of carboxycathepsin (peptidyl-dipeptidase) is isolated from bovine lung. The enzyme isolated converts angiotensine I into angiotensine II and distroys bradikinin. It is active in neutral medium, is activated by chloride ion and is inhibited by EDTA and Middle Asian snakes venom. The molecular weight of the enzyme is 180 000-190 000 as estimated by means of polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, its isoelectric point is 4.48-4.53. The comparison of properties and specificity of carboxycathepsin from bovine lung and kidney draws to the conclusion that both enzymes are identical.     

Isolation and immunological studies of high and low molecular weight cysteine proteinase inhibitors in bovine serum

Two kinds of cysteine proteinase inhibitor (M_r 145 000 and M_r 15 500) were purified from bovine serum. These purified inhibitors showed a single band on SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, respectively. The isoelectric point of the high molecular weight inhibitor was found to be 4.4 and that of the low molecular weight inhibitor was 8.6. The high molecular weight inhibitor inhibited papain and cathepsin H, but had little activity against cathepsin B. While the low molecular weight inhibitor was a strong inhibitor of papain and cathepsin H and showed a weak inhibition of cathepsin B. These two inhibitors showed different immunological reactivities.     

Direct angiotensin II formation by rat submandibular gland kallikrein

Submandibular gland kallikrein [EC 3.4.21.8] of male Sprague-Dawley rats was purified by chromatography on soybean trypsin inhibitor (SBTI)-CH-Sepharose 4B, DEAE-Sephadex A-50, aprotinin-CH-Sepharose 4B and Sephadex G-100 columns and preparative isoelectrofocusing. The molecular weight of the kallikrein was estimated to be 30,000 by Sephadex G-100 gel filtration and 29,000 by sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Isoelectric points ranged from pH 3.55 to 4.30. The kinin formed at pH 8 by this kallikrein from bovine low molecular weight (LMW) kininogen showed the same behavior as lysyl-bradykinin on HPLC in a solution of ammonium biphosphate containing acetonitrile. At physiological pH, this kallikrein also generated angiotensin II, a potent vasopressor, from human plasma protein. Rat submandibular gland kallikrein differs from tonin in the isoelectric point, the optimal pH for angiotensin II formation and the type of kinin formed. The tissue kallikrein might play a role in the regulation of local blood flow in view of its ability to form both vasoconstrictive and vasodilatory peptides.     

Phosphorylation of the alpha-chain of fibrinogen by a platelet kinase activity enhanced by interferon

Treatment of patients with interferon or inducers of interferon results in an enhanced level of a protein kinase activity found in platelets (1,3). The kinase activity is responsible for the phosphorylation of a 70-72,000 molecular weight protein (72K protein) found in blood plasma. By the means of a technique based on the precipitation of this protein kinase system (the protein kinase and its substrate), we show here that the 72K protein is the alpha-chain of fibrinogen. During the coagulation process induced by thrombin, the 32P-labelled 72K protein is recovered in the clot. After incubation in the presence of thrombin, the 72K protein looses a small polypeptide of 2-3000 in molecular weight resulting a shift in its isoelectric point (pI) from 6.8-7.0 to 7.5. At the end of the coagulation process, the 32P-labelled 72K protein becomes undetectable since it gives rise to a covalently linked alpha-polymer of a high molecular weight. In accord with these results, the 72K protein could be precipitated by antibodies against human fibrinogen.     

Purification of undegraded ceruloplasmin from outdated human plasma

A method for the rapid isolation of homogeneous undegraded ceruloplasmin from outdated human plasma is reported. The procedure consists of a precipitation step with polyethylene glycol 4000, batchwise adsorption and elution from QAE-Sephadex, and gradient elution from DEAE-Sepharose CL-6B. Ceruloplasmin was purified 1740-fold and the yield from outdated plasma was 67%. The purified ceruloplasmin was found to be homogeneous on anionic polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE), sodium dodecyl sulfate-PAGE, isoelectric focusing, and low-speed equilibrium centrifugation. The isoelectric point as determined by isoelectric focusing was 4.4. The purified enzyme was sensitive to storage; when a sample was resubmitted to PAGE after 4 months of storage at 4 degrees C, two bands were obtained and the fast-moving band showed no oxidase activity. The molecular weight estimated by gel electrophoresis and sedimentation equilibrium centrifugation was 130,000.