家蚕丝胶基因1（Ser-1）和胰凝乳蛋白酶抑制因子13基因（CI-13）的FISH定位

应用荧光原位杂交技术对家蚕单拷贝的丝胶基因1（Ser-1）及胰凝乳蛋白酶抑制因子13基因（CI-13）进行了分子细胞遗传学的染色体定位．结果表明：Ser—1位于第11连锁群染色体的近端部位置,在粗线期染色体上的相对位置为12．5±1．4;CI-13位于第2连锁群染色体的近端部,在粗线期染色体上的相对位置为8．2±1．2,进而绘制了上述基因在家蚕染色体上的位置模式图——FISH图,并对家蚕染色体的荧光原位技术及其应用进行了探讨．     

利用杂种细胞克隆板将猪CDC16基因定位于11号染色体

运用比较基因组学的方法,根据人的CDC16基因序列设计引物,从大围子猪和宁乡猪基因组DNA分离了CDC16基因内含子4和内含子8（GenBank收录号为AY880670和DQ206823）,通过扩增体细胞杂种克隆板上27个样品和辐射杂种克隆板上118个样品,确定了CDC16基因在猪染色体上的物理位置,首次将CDC16基因物理定位于猪SSC11 q11-17.该基因与微卫星SW1452标记紧密连锁,LOD值为16.08,存留率为22%,在放射杂交图谱上的图距为62 cR.CDC16基因区间定位结果与精细定位结果相一致,也与比较定位结果相一致,进一步验证了猪11号染色体和人13号染色体大部分片段存在同源性,这为该基因的克隆及和功能研究打下坚实基础.     

人体淋巴细胞和中国仓鼠杂种细胞FD1的建立和鉴定

本文以中国仓鼠肺细胞Wg3-h(HGPRT~-)和正常人的淋巴细胞作为亲本,借助仙台病毒促融,HAT培养液选择得到FD1杂种细胞。通过观察细胞形态、Giemsa-11分化染色,G-分带、G-6-PD和LDH同工酶的电泳等一系列鉴定指标,以及细胞周期的研究,证实FD1细胞是包含全套中国仓鼠染色体组和少数几条人的染色体(5、11、12、21、22、xq~-、Y等)的杂种,其中还存在中国仓鼠和人体染色体的易位。FD1等杂种细胞的建立将有助于进行人类基因制图以及人体基因的结构功能和表达调控的研究。     

对微分离的大豆单染色体的克隆及其PCR产物的原位杂交分析(英文)

通过玻璃针分离法从大豆 (GlycinemaxL .)根尖细胞中期分裂相中显微分离出一条染色体 ,经Sau3A人工接头介导的两轮PCR后 ,将其第二轮扩增产物克隆到质粒载体上 ,构建了单染色体质粒文库。经分析 ,该微克隆文库包含约 2 0 0 0 0 0个重组子。随机挑选 1 78个重组子进行鉴定 ,证明该文库的插入片段主要介于 2 0 0～ 1 80 0bp之间 ,平均大小 830bp ;其中 ,中、高拷贝重复序列占 44% ,单、低拷贝序列占 56%。微分离染色体体外扩增产物的原位杂交分析表明它们来自于大豆基因组 ,然而却未能将其只标记在该条微分离的染色体上     

用人染色体14q24.3区带探针池直接分离表达顺序

本文报道了从显微切割的人染色体区带直接分离区带专一性表达序列的方法和结果。以区带探针池为基础构建了单拷贝DNA分子库,并以该库和人骨髓细胞cDNA分子库为主要研究材料,从5×10~5个DNA克隆中筛选到68个初级阳性克隆,复筛得到了32个次级阳性克隆,分别命名为cFD14-1～32。再经14q24.3 DNA、17q11-12 DNA和人基因组总DNA作dot blot DNA杂交验证,最终得到24个14q24.3区带专一性表达顺序。测定了其中13个片段的部分序列,在NCBI数据库查新,均为新的cDNA片段,并与某些已知基因有一定的同源性。其中cFD14-1的初步表达谱分析提示了本实验所得cDNA片段均有可能用来进一步筛选位于14q24.3区带内的尚未克隆的基因。     

四细胞杂交克隆的NORs活性和均染区的巨染色体

通过聚乙二醇使3个小鼠细胞与1个中国仓鼠骨髓细胞融合,获得四细胞杂交克隆。在第6世代,该杂种细胞含有100条小鼠染色体和5条仓鼠染色体。本文报道在杂种细胞中双亲NORs活性均受抑制,不仅73.2％的仓鼠NORs活性被抑制,而且还有18.3％的小鼠NORs失去了活性。由于在杂种细胞中,仓鼠第3号染色体上的NORs活性仍保留它原来的91.2％,因此我们的结果表明:不同染色体上18s和28s rRNA基因的转录活性可有明显的差异,这可能与它们所在的染色体结构有关。我们首次报道了杂种细胞中所出现的均染色区巨染色体,并对这条巨染色体进行了G-带、C-带和Ag-NORs的分析。对这条巨染色体与18s和28srRNA基因扩增的关系进行了初步讨论。     

筛选和定位含水稻端粒相关序列的BAC克隆

根据水稻的端粒重复序列 ,设计了 2个引物 :(TTTAGGG) ₃ 和 (CCC TAAA) ₃ CCC ,利用单引物在水稻总DNA中进行PCR扩增 ,分别得到Tas1和Tas2 .这 2个片段在定位亲本间均无多态性 .Tas1的原位杂交表明该序列位于 2对染色体端部 .以Tas1为探针在所构建的水稻基因组BAC文库中筛选到 1个克隆 ,South ern杂交证明此克隆也包含序列Tas2 ,取该克隆中的单拷贝序列利用ZYQ/JX1 7DH群体将其定位在第 6号染色体的端部 .并对Tas1和Tas2在此克隆中的排列进行了初步研究     

人基因组转录图研究技术

人类基因组研究的主要任务是二个:第一是读出人基因组全部ATCG“语言”,即全基因组DNA核苷酸顺序分析;第二是读懂人基因组全部ATCG“语言”,即全部基因的DNA顺序及功能研究。无疑第二项任务有赖于第一项任务完成的基础。在进行第一项研究任务时,由于人基因组十分巨大和复杂,不可能直接进行顺序分析,所以通常总要先进行染色体DNA的大片段克隆,并借助于某些物理标志把克隆在染色体上排序,这样就形成了某种物理图谱。现在已在进行的人基因组的图谱分析有以下几种:遗传连锁图(Linkage Map),分辨率在     

用染色体原位杂交技术定位RFLP探针Fr.3-42于16p13

限制性片段长度多态性(RFLP)探针Fr.3-42(第九届人类基因定位国际会议编号D1(?)S21)为一长1.9kb的人类单拷贝EcoRI/HindⅢ片段,本实验采用染色体原位杂交方法,将该探针定位于16号染色体短臂末端(p13)。在另一研究中已证实Fr.3-42与人α-珠蛋白基因紧密连锁。     

水稻白叶枯病候选抗性基因SHNLR的RGAs克隆及分析

旨在从含有疣粒野生稻抗白叶枯病基因的新种质SH5、SH76基因组中克隆抗病基因。利用RGAs法得到1个NBS-LRR类同源基因,暂命名为SHNLR(登录号为JF934724)。结果表明,SHNLR的开放阅读框长度为3 105 bp,编码1 034个氨基酸,含有CC、NB-ARC与LRR结构域,具备CC-NBS-LRR类植物抗病基因的结构特征。BLASTn和BLASTp比对显示SHNLR是单拷贝基因,未发现同源性较高且功能已知的基因,仅NBS保守域序列与番茄Prf基因的相似度最高。对SHNLR基因电子定位,发现其位于水稻第11号染色体的长臂末端,但与11号染色体上已定位或克隆的8个白叶枯病抗性基因具有不同序列或处于不同的位置。半定量RT-PCR分析表明,SHNLR在抗病新种质叶片中的表达明显受到白叶枯病菌Zhe173的诱导。因此推测SHNLR可能是1个与抗白叶枯病相关的R基因。     

Isolation and regional localisation of DNA sequences from a human chromosome 11-specific cosmid library

Summary A cosmid library has been prepared in the lorist-B vector from a mouse/human somatic cell hybrid containing region 11q23-11pter as the only human component. This chromosome region is stably maintained in the hybrid as a result of translocation onto one copy of mouse chromosome 13. Individual cosmids containing human DNA were isolated by their ability to hybridise with total human DNA, digested with either HindIII or EcoRI, and 33 individual unique sequences were identified. These fragments were then isolated and subcloned into the bluescribe plasmid vector. Regional localisation of these unique sequences was achieved using a panel of somatic cell hybrids containing different overlapping deletions of chromosome 11. The majority of the 33 mapped sequences derived from the long arm of chromosome 11. Two clones were located within the 11p13–p14 region, which is associated with a predisposition to Wilms' tumour. These probes supplement those already mapped to this chromosome and will assist in the generation of a detailed chromosome 11 linkage map.     

Isolation and regional localization of DNA segments revealing polymorphic loci from human chromosome 13.

A recombinant DNA library enriched for portions of human chromosome 13 has been constructed from a hamster-human somatic cell hybrid that contained human chromosomes 13, 12, and 6p. A total of 733 phages were identified that contain human DNA inserts, and 46 single-copy subfragments have been derived and used as probes on Southern transfers of genomic DNA isolated from unrelated individuals. From this set, nine fragments revealing polymorphic loci (RFLP) in Msp I- or Taq I-digested DNA have been identified, of which three are polymorphic with both enzymes. Six of these probes have been shown to segregate concordantly with human chromosome 13 in a somatic cell hybrid mapping panel, and the RFLPs at these loci have been shown to behave as codominant Mendelian alleles. Additionally, hybridization to DNA isolated from cells containing various deletions of chromosome 13 has allowed regional localization. This recombinant DNA library will be useful in the study of retinoblastoma as well as in the study of the mechanisms responsible for abnormalities of this autosome.     

Characterization of a set of X-linked sequences and of a panel of somatic cell hybrids useful for the regional mapping of the human X chromosome

Summary We have characterized 19 DNA fragments originating from the human X chromosome. Most of them have been isolated from an X chromosome genomic library (Davies et al. 1981) using a systematic screening procedure. These DNA probes have been used to search for restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLP). The frequency of restriction polymorphisms (1 per 350 bp analysed) was lower than expected from data obtained with autosomal fragments. The various probes have been mapped within 12 subchromosomal regions using a panel of human-rodent hybrid cell lines. The validity of the panel was established by hybridization experiments performed with 27 X-specific DNA probes, which yielded information on the relative position of translocation break-points on the X chromosome. The DNAs from the various hybrid lines are blotted onto a reusable support which allows one to quickly map any new X-specific DNA fragment. The probes already isolated should be of use to map unbalanced X chromosome aberrations or to characterize new somatic cell hybrid lines. The probes which detect RFLPs define new genetic markers which will help to construct a detailed linkage map of the human X chromosome, and might also serve for the diagnosis of carriers or prenatal diagnosis.     

A fine structure physical map of the short arm of chromosome 5.

A series of somatic cell hybrids that retain abnormal chromosomes 5 from 11 different persons with deletions or translocations involving 5p have been isolated. One hundred twenty DNA fragments isolated from a genomic library enriched for sequences from 5p were regionally localized by Southern blot analysis of the hybrid cell deletion mapping panel, including five DNA fragments that reveal restriction fragment length polymorphisms. The fine structure physical map of 5p together with the identification of additional polymorphic loci will facilitate the construction of a complete linkage map of this region. In addition, DNA fragments localized to a region near the 5p15.2-5p15.3 border, which appears to be the segment of 5p that is critical in producing the phenotype associated with the cri du chat syndrome when it is rendered hemizygous by deletion, will be useful in a molecular and DNA level analysis of this deletion syndrome.     

Isolation and mapping of 62 new RFLP markers on human chromosome 11.

To obtain new RFLP markers on human chromosome 11 for a high-resolution map, we constructed a cosmid library from a Chinese hamster x human somatic hybrid cell line that retains only human chromosome 11 in a Chinese hamster genomic background. A total of 3,500 cosmids were isolated by colony hybridization with labeled human genomic DNA. DNA was prepared from 130 of these cosmid clones and examined for RFLP. In 62 of them, polymorphism was detected with one or more enzymes; four RFLPs were VNTR systems. All polymorphic clones were assigned to one of 22 intervals obtained by mapping on a deletion panel of 15 somatic hybrid cell lines containing parts of chromosome 11; 11 clones were finely mapped by in situ hybridization. Although RFLP markers were scattered on the whole chromosome, they were found predominantly in the regions of R-banding. These DNA markers will contribute to fine mapping of genes causing inherited disorders and tumor-suppressor genes that reside on chromosome 11. Furthermore, as one-third of the cosmid clones revealed a band or bands in Chinese hamster DNA, indicating sequence conservation, this subset of clones may be useful for isolating biologically important genes on chromosome 11.     

Isolation of polymorphic DNA segments from human chromosome 21.

A somatic cell hybrid line containing only human chromosome 21 on a mouse background has been used as the source of DNA for construction of a recombinant phage library. Individual phages containing human inserts have been identified. Repeat-free human DNA subclones have been prepared and used to screen for restriction fragment length polymorphisms to provide genetic markers on chromosome 21. Nine independently isolated clones used as probes identified a total of 11 new RFLPs. Four of the DNA probes recovered from the library have been mapped unequivocally to chromosome 21 using a panel of somatic cell hybrid lines. A fifth probe detected an RFLP on chromosome 21 as well as sequences on other chromosomes. This set of RFLPs may now form the basis for construction of a genetic linkage map of human chromosome 21.     

Fine structure DNA mapping studies of the chromosomal region harboring the genetic defect in neurofibromatosis type 1

To better map the location of the von Recklinghausen neurofibromatosis (NF1) gene, we have characterized a somatic cell hybrid designated 7AE-11. This microcell-mediated, chromosome-transfer construct harbors a centromeric segment and a neo-marked segment from the distal long arm of human chromosome 17. We have identified 269 cosmid clones with human sequences from a 7AE-11 library and, using a panel of somatic cell hybrids with a total of six chromosome 17q breakpoints, have mapped 240 of these clones on chromosome 17q. The panel included a hybrid (NF13) carrying a der(22) chromosome that was isolated from an NF1 patient with a balanced translocation, t(17;22) (q11.2;q11.2). Fifty-three of the cosmids map into a region spanning the NF13 breakpoint, as defined by the two closest flanking breakpoints (17q11.2 and 17q11.2-q12). RFLP clones from a subset of these cosmids have been mapped by linkage analysis in normal reference families, to localize the NF1 gene more precisely and to enhance the potential for genetic diagnosis of this disorder. The cosmids in the NF1 region will be an important resource for testing DNA blots of large-fragment restriction-enzyme digests from NF1 patient cell lines, to detect rearrangements in patients' DNA and to identify the 17;22 NF1 translocation breakpoint.     

Deletion mapping of human chromosome 5 using chromosome-specific DNA probes.

A complete genomic DNA library was prepared from a Chinese hamster-human cell hybrid that contains human chromosome 5 as its only human DNA. Unique or low-copy DNA fragments, isolated form recombinant bacteriophage that contained human DNA inserts, were regionally mapped on chromosome 5 using Southern blot analysis of genomic DNA from a series of hybrid cell lines that were selected as having deletions of various portions of 5q. The chromosome 5-specific DNA library, together with a genetic selective procedure allowing the isolation of hybrid cell lines with deletions of virtually any portion of 5q, will provide a means to construct very accurate physical and recombinational maps of this human chromosome. This system represents an excellent opportunity to examine very precisely the relationship between physical and genetic distances for many loci along the length of this autosome.     

Toward a long-range map of human chromosomal band 22q11

Human chromosome band 22q11 is involved in numerous chromosomal rearrangements. A long-range molecular map of this region would allow the more precise localization of the various breakpoints of these rearrangements. Toward this goal we have constructed a genomic DNA library that allows the isolation of DNA clones that are directly adjacent to NotI sites. NotI was chosen because it is a restriction enzyme that digests infrequently in the human genome. The genomic DNA used in this library was from a human/hamster hybrid cell line that has a chromosome 22 as the only visible human chromosome. Two clones were isolated and mapped to different regions of 22q11 using a somatic cell hybrid mapping panel. A long-range restriction map flanking the NotI site of each of these two clones was produced using NotI and other infrequently cutting enzymes. Both NotI sites analyzed were located in HTF islands, regions often associated with the 5' end of genes. Thus, the NotI map of 22q11 may also aid in the cloning of undiscovered genes, giving a starting point for the study of duplication/deficiency syndromes of the region.     

Regional localization of chromosome 3-specific DNA fragments by using a hybrid cell deletion mapping panel.

A series of human chromosome 3-specific DNA fragments isolated and characterized from a lamda phage genomic library were regionally localized on human chromosome 3. This was accomplished using filter hybridization blot analysis of a human chromosome 3 hybrid cell deletion mapping panel. Twenty-three new anonymous DNA fragments were assigned to one of four physical regions of chromosome 3. Seventeen DNA fragments were mapped to the long arm of chromosome 3, including one DNA fragment that demonstrated a restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP). Five DNA fragments were assigned to 3p14.2----pter, including one highly polymorphic fragment sublocalized at 3p25----pter by in situ hybridization. This DNA fragment is the second reported distal 3p polymorphic probe. One DNA fragment was localized to 3p14----p14.2. In addition, three fragments previously assigned to chromosome 3 were confirmed. Polymorphic DNA probes DNF15S2 (formerly D1S1) and D3S2 were mapped to 3p14.2----pter. The previous 3p25 in situ localization of the c-raf-1 oncogene was supported by deletion panel mapping. The physical localization of these twenty-three new DNA fragments has more than doubled the number of cloned DNA fragments assigned to chromosome 3. These and future regional assignments of DNA fragment probes will facilitate construction of both a physical and genetic linkage map of chromosome 3. They may also be useful in characterizing the chromosomal and molecular aberrations involved in small-cell lung cancer (SCLC), renal cell carcinoma, other malignancies, and the 3p14.2 common fragile site.