乳酸L-68型粪肠球菌对肉鸡生产性能和免疫功能的影响

目的研究乳酸L-68粪肠球菌对肉鸡的生产性能和免疫功能的影响。方法选用3000羽1日龄的艾维菌肉用仔鸡,随机分为两个处理组,每组1500羽。对照组饲喂基础日粮,实验组饲喂基础日粮并在饮水中加入微生态制剂乳酸L-68粪肠球菌,实验期为42d。通过检测平均周增重、料肉比、鸡群的健康状况、抗体水平和器官指数探索该制剂对肉鸡的促生长和免疫增强作用。结果微生态制剂实验组鸡的周增重、料肉比、抗NDV的HI效价、免疫器官指数均优于对照组鸡,差异有显著性（P〈0．05）。结论肉鸡饮水中添加乳酸L-68粪肠球菌,能促进免疫器官的生长发育,提高免疫器官指数;能明显提高循环抗体的水平,因而能促进仔鸡的生长发育,降低料肉比。     

复合微生态制剂对幼刺参营养成分和 酶活力的影响

目的研究复合微生态制剂对幼刺参体壁营养成分、几种消化酶和免疫酶活力的影响。方法在封闭式循环系统中投喂不同的微生态制剂进行30 d刺参养殖实验。结果投喂液态复合微生态制剂组和粉状复合微生态制剂组的刺参体壁的粗脂肪、总糖、粗蛋白含量最高,两组与对照组相比差异有统计学意义(Ps0.05)。添加微生态制剂的3个实验组刺参肠道蛋白酶、淀粉酶活力均比对照组高,且差异有统计学意义(Ps0.05)。实验组刺参的肠道、体壁、体液过氧化氢酶活力均比对照组高,其中投喂液态复合微生态制剂实验组活力最高。实验组刺参组织的酸性磷酸酶和碱性磷酸酶活力也明显高于对照组(与对照组相比差异有统计学意义,Ps0.05)。结论微生态制剂可以有效改善幼刺参体壁营养成分,促进机体消化活力,提高刺参免疫力。     

拟杆菌微生态制剂对仔猪免疫能力的影响

目的 探究拟杆菌微生态制剂对仔猪免疫力的影响.方法 选取断奶仔猪30头,随机分为3组.对照组直接饲喂基础日粮,第1组饲喂拟杆菌微生态制剂,第2组饲喂复合拟杆菌微生态制剂.在实验前对所有实验猪与对照仔猪全部进行猪瘟及蓝耳病免疫,随后进行4周实验,测定各个个体抗体水平.结果 饲喂拟杆菌 微生态制剂实验组的抗体水平比空白对照组提高了15％,而复合拟杆菌微生态制剂的抗体水平比空白对照组提高了91％,且明显提高了猪瘟抗体效价.结论 给仔猪饲喂拟杆菌微生态制剂可以提高仔猪产生免疫抗体的能力,从而增强仔猪抗猪瘟与蓝耳病的能力.     

微生态制剂对肉鸡肌肉品质影响的研究

目的研究微生态制剂(昌健素)对肉鸡肌肉化学成分的影响。方法选取1日龄健康AA肉鸡180只,随机分为3个处理,每个处理3个重复,每个重复20只。处理1为空白对照,自由饮用清水;处理2在饮水中按0.1%添加10%氟苯尼考,处理3在饮水中按0.1%添加昌健素。结果昌健素可增加肉鸡肌肉的滴水损失和熟肉率(P0.05);增加肌肉中粗蛋白和粗脂肪的含量、降低水分的含量(P0.05);提高41日龄肉鸡肌肉中铁和锌的含量,降低钙和锰的含量(P0.05);降低肉鸡胸肌中饱和脂肪酸的含量(P0.05);提高肌肉中总氨基酸、必需氨基酸和鲜味氨基酸的含量(P0.05);增加肉鸡肌肉中丙二醛(MDA)的含量(P0.05)。结论微生态制剂昌健素的添加能改善肉鸡的肌肉品质。     

林麝复合微生物制剂的研制

本研究采用林麝肠道分离的3株乳酸菌研制一种复合微生态制剂,对复合微生态制剂进行了不同配比的选择、昆明小鼠安全性试验、活菌数的监测和林麝的应用。结果显示:作为最优配比的复合微生态制剂C(S2∶S3∶MRS2-2=1∶1∶2),安全性试验结果显示其未引起小白鼠机体的不良反应;在14 d时,储存温度为-20℃下复合微生态制剂的活菌数降至1.43E+08 CFU/m L;用复合微生态制剂C治疗林麝肠道致病性大肠杆菌感染的昆明小鼠,结果显示微生态制剂组肠道乳酸菌显著大于空白组和感染组(P0.05),复合微生态制剂治疗腹泻林麝,治愈率为50%。本试验首次研制了一种林麝复合微生态制剂,对于提高林麝人工养殖的存活率有指导意义。     

微生态制剂预防儿科ICU抗生素相关性腹泻的临床观察

目的 探讨在儿科ICU住院患儿中应用微生态制剂预防抗生素相关性腹泻的效果。方法 对符合研究的580例入住PICU的患儿,随机分为预防组和对照组,预防组在常规治疗基础上加用微生态制剂（金双歧）常规剂量口服或经鼻饲管给药直至出院,观察2组之间发生抗生素相关性腹泻的差异显著性。结果 580例分为预防组286例,对照组294例,腹泻预防组的发生率为5.24%,对照组的发生率为12.93%,预防组的发生率较对照组低（P＜0.05）。结论 儿科ICU住院患儿常规加用微生态制剂可以很好地预防抗生素相关性腹泻。其机制认为与微生态制剂具有保持肠道微生态平衡、提高局部和全身的免疫功能有关。     

促菌生佐治婴儿浅部念珠菌感染疗效观察

目的　探讨微生态制剂促菌生对婴儿浅部念珠菌感染的疗效。方法　选取临床诊断的 6 8例患儿 ,随机分为促菌生治疗组 37例和常规治疗对照组 31例。治疗组在常规抗真菌治疗的基础上 ,加用促菌生口服。结果　治疗组显效率及 3d治愈率 (分别为 86 .49%、94.5 9% )比对照组 (分别为 5 4.84%、70 .97% )显著提高 (X2 =8.39,X2 =6 .94,均 P<0 .0 1) ;治疗组治愈天数 (2 .17± 0 .6 0 ) d比对照组 (3.5 1± 0 .79) d明显缩短 (t=7.88,P<0 .0 1)。结论　促菌生治疗婴儿浅部念珠菌感染 ,疗效满意。     

一株凝结芽胞杆菌的筛选及对肉鸡生产性能的影响

目的分离自然界中可安全应用于畜禽的凝结芽胞杆菌,提高肉鸡的饲料消化吸收、降低料肉比,改善生产性能。方法在山上、海边及樱桃树下的土壤中分离凝结芽胞杆菌,通过生理生化、16S rRNA鉴定研究菌株的生物学特性,并考察其安全性;最终应用于促进饲料消化吸收、保护肠道健康、提高生产性能。肉鸡饲养至第31天时开始添加凝结芽胞杆菌10 d,分为实验组(1、2、3组)和对照组,考察生产性能指标确定其功能。结果凝结芽胞杆菌J-1产酸溶钙圈高于其他2株,为革兰阳性菌。实验表明在同样的养殖条件下,实验组鸡的粪便干燥、成型、无酱黄色出现;实验组鸡苗的前期7日龄时体质量低于对照组,肉鸡的成活率分别高于对照组0.9%、0.7%、1.2%,料肉比分别低于对照组0.066、0.080、0.050,出栏均重分别优于对照组0.144 kg、0.129 kg、0.079 kg。结论筛选出1株安全、产酸且应用肉鸡实际效果优良的凝结芽胞杆菌,可降低肉鸡料肉比,提高肉鸡的出栏均重、成活率、饲料利用率,并减少肉鸡养殖后期抗生素的使用。     

不同处理对碱蓬种子萌发和土壤氮磷含量的影响

碱蓬是辽河口重要的生态植被,其生长受潮汐水文环境影响,可通过化学改良剂与益生菌进行改善。以碱蓬为研究对象,模拟翻耕条件、周期性浸没的潮汐变化,并加入不同剂量的底质改良剂过碳酸钠、微生态制剂EM菌和芽孢杆菌,研究上述处理对碱蓬种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响及作用效果。结果表明:(1)翻耕会通过增加土壤通气性,提高氧气含量、水含量来促进碱蓬发芽生长;(2)周期性浸没不利于碱蓬生长,有水覆盖时降低土壤透气性,抑制碱蓬呼吸作用;退潮时使营养物质流失抑制生长;(3)化学制剂可降低氨氮含量、调节活性磷含量、补充氧气,利于碱蓬生长但使用浓度不宜过高;(4)微生态制剂可有效降低氮磷含量、释放活性磷,对碱蓬发芽生长具有显著的促进作用。因此,适当翻耕、防止水淹、添加适量化学试剂和微生态制剂可有效提高碱蓬种子发芽率、改善生长情况。     

微生态制剂对断奶仔兔生产性能及免疫的影响

目的研究微生态制剂对断奶仔兔生产性能、免疫功能的影响,为开发应用新型添加剂提供依据。方法选择64只35日龄、体重相近的断奶仔兔,随机分为4组,每组设2个重复,每个重复8只。实验期为40 d。对照组Ⅰ饲喂基础饲粮,实验组Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ在基础日粮中分别添加0.1%、0.3%、0.5%的微生态制剂。测定日增重、饲料报酬、发病率、死亡率、胸腺指数、脾脏指数及T淋巴细胞ANAE阳性细胞百分率等指标。结果实验组Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ日增重分别比对照组I提高了10.6%（P〈0.05）、23.967%、27.0%（P〈0.01）,饲料报酬分别提高了6.8%、14.3%、15.1%,发病率分别降低了12.5%、18.7%、18.7%,死亡率分别降低了12.5%、12.5%、18.7%,脾脏指数分别提高了11.5%（P〈0.05）、29.5%、34.4%（P〈0.01）,胸腺指数分别提高了2.3%、15.9%、17.9%,T淋巴细胞阳性率分别提高了17.7%（P〈0.05）、26.9%、28.4%（P〈0.01）。结论在断奶应激的情况下,饲料中添加微生态制剂可提高仔兔的生产性能和免疫功能。     

Effects of limited feeding of aflatoxin B1 contaminated feed on the performance of broilers

The forty-two days long experiment was conducted on a total of 1000 Arbor Acres broilers, divided into two groups. Both groups of broilers were fed with a commercial feed mixture which consisted of standard feedstuffs and contained enough nutrients regarding the requirements. During the first three weeks of the trial, corn naturally contaminated with AFB₁ 0.0445 ppm per kg dry matter was used in the amount of 20% in the experimental group, while AFB₁ free corn was given to birds in the control group. After the period of toxin administration until the end of the trial, broilers from both groups were normally fed another 5 weeks with uncontaminated feed. In the first phase of the trial, broilers in the control groups had an average daily gain (ADG) of 31 g, average daily feed intake (ADFI) of 45 g and a feed: gain ratio (FCR) of 1.42. In the same time, experimental broilers achieved an ADG of 25 g, ADFI of 35 g and a FCR of 1.39. During the whole period of the trial, control and experimental broilers achieved 49.12 g, 95.24 g and 1.94 and 39.71 g, 86.90 g and 2.19, respectively.     

小刺猴头发酵浸膏多糖对肉鸡抗氧化功能的影响

以小刺猴头发酵浸膏多糖为试验材料,研究其对肉鸡肝脏及血清中T-SOD和CAT的活力以及MDA含量的影响。空白组饲喂基础日粮,试验组在基础日粮中添加不同水平(1 000,3 000,5 000 mg/kg)的小刺猴头发酵浸膏多糖,试验期为28 d,检测肉鸡血清及肝脏中T-SOD和CAT的活力及MDA的含量。结果显示:当添加量为1 000,3 000 mg/kg时,肉鸡血清及肝脏中的T-SOD和CAT的活力与空白组相比差异显著(P<0.05),添加量为1 000,3 000,5 000 mg/kg时,肉鸡血清及肝脏中MDA的含量与空白组相比极显著降低(P<0.01)。小刺猴头发酵浸膏多糖可以增强肉鸡血清及肝脏中的SOD和CAT的活力,而对MDA有抑制或清除作用。     

Effect of Dietary Vanadium on Intestinal Microbiota in Broiler

The purpose of this 42-day study was to examine the effect of dietary vanadium on intestinal microorganism diversity in the duodenum, ileum, cecum, and rectum segments of broilers by the plate count and polymerase chain reaction?Cdenaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE). A total of 420 1-day-old avian broilers were divided into six groups and fed on a control diet or the same diet supplemented with vanadium at the doses of 5, 15, 30, 45, and 60?mg/kg in the form of ammonium metavanadate. In comparison with control group, the dietary vanadium at the doses of 45 and 60?mg/kg could decrease the counts of Bifidobacterium spp. in the intestinal tract at 21 and 42?days of age. With increasing level in dietary vanadium, the counts of Escherichia coli were significantly increased in the ileum, cecum, and rectum and were decreased in the duodenum at 21 and 42?days of age. However, the counts of Lactobacilli were decreased in the cecum and rectum and increased in the ileum of 45 and 60?mg/kg groups. The colonization of these three bacteria could be affected by dietary vanadium. DGGE analysis showed that the number of bands in duodenum, ileum, cecum, and rectum were obviously decreased in the 30, 45, and 60?mg/kg groups at 21 and 42?days of age. In conclusion, the dietary vanadium in excess of 30?mg/kg could alter the amount and diversity of intestinal bacteria in broilers, implying that the structure and initial balance in the intestinal microbiota were disrupted.     

肉鸡盲肠乳酸杆菌的数量与生产性能的相关性分析

研究小刺猴头菌发酵浸膏对肉鸡生产性能和盲肠乳酸杆菌的影响。选用1日龄AA肉仔鸡240只,随机分为4组,每组3个重复,每个重复20只。空白对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组在基础日粮中添加不同剂量(添加量按其多糖含量在基础日粮中的比例为0.1%、0.3%、0.5%)的HFC,试验为期60 d。结果表明:1⁴2日龄时,0.1%、0.3%、0.5%HFC组的平均日增重极显著高于空白对照组(P<0.01)。2142日龄时,0.1%、0.3%、0.5%HFC组的平均日增重极显著高于空白对照组(P<0.01)。21⁴2日龄时,0.1%、0.3%、0.5%HFC组的平均日采食量极显著高于空白对照组(P<0.01)。142日龄时,0.1%、0.3%、0.5%HFC组的平均日采食量极显著高于空白对照组(P<0.01)。1⁴2日龄时,与空白对照组相比,0.1%、0.3%、0.5%HFC组能够极显著降低料肉比(P<0.01)。定量分析盲肠乳酸杆菌表明:42日龄时,与空白对照组相比,0.1%、0.3%、0.5%HFC组极显著增加盲肠乳酸杆菌的数量(P<0.01)。乳酸杆菌与生产性能的相关性分析表明:42日龄时,肉鸡的平均日增重与盲肠乳酸杆菌呈极显著正相关(r=0.983,P<0.01),料肉比与盲肠乳酸杆菌呈显著负相关(r=-0.908,P<0.05)。饲料中添加HFC有助于提高肉鸡的生产性能,促进盲肠乳酸杆菌的增殖;盲肠乳酸杆菌的增殖有助于提高肉鸡的生产性能。     

Dietary Magnesium Sulfate Supplementation Protects Heat Stress-Induced Oxidative Damage by Restoring the Activities of Anti-oxidative Enzymes in Broilers

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of dietary magnesium sulfate supplementation on heat stress-induced oxidative damage in broilers. One hundred twenty 14-day-old broilers were randomly assigned into four treatment groups with three replicates of ten birds each. The broilers were reared under normal ambient temperature (24 ± 1°C) fed with a basal (control) diet or reared under high ambient temperature (35 ± 1°C between 1000 and 1800 h, 8 h each day) fed with a basal diet supplemented with magnesium sulfate (0, 2.5 or 5.0 mg/kg of diet) from 14 to 42 days of age. Growth performance and oxidative damage were evaluated in each treatment group. Our results demonstrated that dietary magnesium sulfate supplementation significantly prevented heat stress-induced oxidative damage and improved growth performance in broilers compared with that of control. Mechanistically, this beneficial effect was mediated, at least partly, by restoring the activity of anti-oxidative enzymes. This finding suggests that magnesium sulfate supplementation might be a potential strategy to attenuate heat stress-induced detrimental effects in broilers raised in summer season or tropical areas.     

Influence of Phytase Transgenic Corn on the Intestinal Microflora and the Fate of Transgenic DNA and Protein in Digesta and Tissues of Broilers

An experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of phytase transgenic corn (PTC) on intestinal microflora, and the fate of transgenic DNA and protein in the digesta and tissues of broilers. A total of 160 1-day-old Arbor Acres commercial male broilers were randomly assigned to 20 cages (8 chicks per cage) with 10 cages (replicates) for each treatment. Birds were fed with a diet containing either PTC (54.0% during 1–21 days and 61.0% during 22–42 days) or non-transgenic isogenic control corn (CC) for a duration of 42 days. There were no significant differences (P>0.05) between birds fed with the PTC diets and those fed with the CC diets in the quantities of aerobic bacteria, anaerobic bacteria, colibacillus and lactobacilli, or microbial diversities in the contents of ileum and cecum. Transgenic phyA2 DNA was not detected, but phyA2 protein was detected in the digesta of duodenum and jejunum of broilers fed with the PTC diets. Both transgenic phyA2 DNA and protein fragments were not found in the digesta of the ileum and rectum, heart, liver, kidney, and breast or thigh muscles of broilers fed with the PTC diets. It was concluded that PTC had no adverse effect on the quantity and diversity of gut microorganisms; Transgenic phyA2 DNA or protein was rapidly degraded in the intestinal tract and was not transferred to the tissues of broilers.     

Effect of Dietary Supplementation with Copper Sulfate or Tribasic Copper Chloride on the Growth Performance, Liver Copper Concentrations of Broilers Fed in Floor Pens, and Stabilities of Vitamin E and Phytase in Feeds

An experiment was conducted using a total of 840, 1-day-old, Arbor Acres commercial male broilers to compare copper (Cu) sulfate and tribasic Cu chloride (TBCC, Cu₂(OH)₃Cl) as sources of supplemental Cu for broilers fed in floor pens. Chicks were randomly allotted to one of seven treatments for six replicate pens of 20 birds each, and were fed a basal corn–soybean meal diet (10.20 mg/kg Cu) supplemented with 0, 100, 150, or 200 mg/kg Cu from either Cu sulfate or TBCC for 21 days. Chicks fed 200 mg/kg Cu as TBCC had a higher (P?<?0.05) average daily gain (ADG) than those consuming other diets. Liver Cu contents of broilers fed diets supplemented with TBCC were numerically lower (P?>?0.05) than those of broilers fed diets supplemented with Cu sulfate. The vitamin E contents and the phytase activities in the feed fortified with TBCC were higher (P?<?0.01) and numerically higher (P?>?0.05) compared with those in the feeds fortified with Cu sulfate stored at room temperature, respectively. The vitamin E contents in liver and plasma of broilers fed diets supplemented with TBCC were higher (P?<?0.05) than those of birds fed diets supplemented with Cu sulfate. This result indicates that TBCC is more effective than Cu sulfate in improving the growth of broilers fed in floor pens, and it is chemically less active than Cu sulfate in promoting the undesirable oxidation of vitamin E in feeds.     

The effect of equol injection in ovo on posthatch growth, meat quality and antioxidation in broilers

In order to investigate the long-term effects of equol (Eq) on growth and meat quality in broilers, 0 μg (control, Con), 20 μg (low dose, L) and 100 μg (high dose, H) Eq, respectively, were injected into fertile eggs (146 eggs per group) on 7 days of embryos. After hatch, chickens were fed under the same conditions and slaughtered at 49 days of age for sample collection and analysis. The results showed that body weight and composition were marginally affected by Eq administration (P > 0.05). Compared with their male counterparts, the meat quality of female broilers was affected greatly after Eq administration. The redness (a*) of meat color in the L and H groups of female broilers was significantly decreased by 24.10% and 21.50% (P < 0.01), respectively; cooking loss decreased by 12.11% and 16.82%, respectively, in the L and H groups (P < 0.01); 24 h and 48 h drip loss was significantly decreased by 60.27% and 45.72% (P < 0.05), respectively, in the H group. However, for male broilers, only cooking loss was significantly decreased by high dosage of Eq treatment (P < 0.05). The antioxidative status was analyzed for discovering further the mechanism behind the improvement of the water-holding capacity caused by Eq in female broilers. The activity of glutathione peroxidase (GSHPx) in plasma was greatly increased by 15.94% in the L group (P < 0.01), whereas the total superoxide dismutase activity (T-SOD) and the content of malondialdehyde in plasma were not changed (P > 0.05). The T-SOD activity in the breast muscle of the L and H groups were significantly improved by 23.14% and 18.82% (P < 0.05), respectively. GSHPx in the breast muscle of the H group showed a tendency to increase (P = 0.06 < 0.1). These results indicate that Eq injection in ovo does not affect the growth of broilers, but significantly improves the water-holding capacity of the muscle, especially in female broilers, which is related to the improvement of antioxidative status.     

Effects of Clinoptilolite on Growth Performance and Antioxidant Status in Broilers

The objective of this study was to compare the effects of natural clinoptilolite and modified clinoptilolite on growth performance and antioxidant capacity in broiler chicks. Two hundred forty 1-day-old commercial Arbor Acres broilers were randomly distributed into three treatments, each of which had eight replicates. Each replicate contains 10 chicks. Control (CON) group fed with the basal diets, natural clinoptilolite (NCLI) group fed basal diets with 2 % natural clinoptilolite, and modified clinoptilolite (MCLI) group fed basal diets with 2 % modified clinoptilolite for 42 days. The results showed that the 2 % supplementation of natural clinoptilolite and modified clinoptilolite had no adverse effect on growth performance of broilers at 42 days of age. Relative weights of organs were not influenced by dietary treatments at 21 and 42 days. The activity of total nitric oxide synthase was significantly (P?<?0.05) decreased in MCLI group than CON group at 21 days of age. At 21 and 42 days, the activities of glutathione peroxidase, catalase, total superoxide dismutase, total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) were significantly (P?<?0.05) increased in NCLI and MCLI groups than the CON group while there was no difference in T-AOC between CON and NCLI groups. The malondialdehyde content was significantly (P?<?0.05) decreased in NCLI and MCLI groups than the CON group. It was concluded that the addition of 2 % natural clinoptilolite and modified clinoptilolite to diet can improve antioxidant capacity in broilers, although their effects on growth performance was negligible.     

Effects of dietary sulfur amino acids and crude protein on the performance of finishing broilers

The effects of different combinations of dietary methionine+cystine (Met+Cys) and dietary crude protein (CP) in finishing broilers were investigated in two growth studies. In Exp. 1, male broilers 29 to 42 days of age were fed 18 diets containing 16.9%, 18.7%, or 20.4% CP with six levels of Met+Cys within each protein level. Similarly, in Exp. 2 another 12 diets containing either 18.0 or 21.5% CP were fed to male broilers 29 to 48 days of age.

In general, the Met+Cys requirement for optimum feed conversion was higher than for maximum growth. In both experiments, between 0.80% and 0.85% methionine+cystine optimized feed conversion. These dietary levels were valid for a 13.05 MJ ME/kg diet fed to broilers growing from 1.2 kg to 2.2 kg (Exp. 1), or for a 13.60 MJ ME/kg diet fed to broilers growing from 1.3 kg to 3.0 kg (Exp. 2).

The Met+Cys requirement was not consistently affected by the dietary CP content in Exp. 1. In Exp. 2, increasing dietary CP from 18.0% to 21.5% tended to increase the Met+Cys requirement for optimum feed conversion.

A dietary CP level of 18.0% to 18.7% supported performance and carcass fat deposition equal to diets containing 20.4% or 21.5% CP, respectively, when the sulfur amino acid content was adequate.