复合微生态制剂对断奶仔猪生产性能、粪便菌群及血液指标的影响

目的 探讨复合微生态制剂对断奶仔猪生长性能、粪便乳酸菌和大肠埃希菌数、血液红胞数以及血红蛋白含量及其对免疫水平的影响.方法 选择25日龄的断奶仔猪共108头,平均分为两组:Ⅰ组和Ⅱ组,每组3个重复,每个重复18只,Ⅰ组饲喂全价料+2.0‰复合微生态制剂;Ⅱ组为对照组,饲喂全价料,实验期为42 d.结果 至实验结束时,复合微生态制剂组的料重比显著低于对照组(P ＜0.05);14、28和42 d时复合微生态制剂组粪便中的大肠埃希菌数比对照组低7.94％,2.90％和4.89％,与对照组相比差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);14d时,复合微生态制剂组粪便乳酸菌数与对照组相比差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),28和42 d时,两组粪便乳酸菌数差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).14、28和42 d时复合微生态制剂组血液中红细胞数和血红蛋白浓度均显著高于对照组.两组血清尿素氮水平差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),复合微生态制剂组血清总蛋白和IgG的含量与对照组相比有升高的趋势,但差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),复合微生态制剂组血清IgA和IgM的浓度显著高于对照组(P＜0.05).结论 复合微生态制剂可以显著降低断奶仔猪的料重比,降低粪便中大肠埃希菌数量,促进血液红细胞和血红蛋白的含量,提高断奶仔猪的免疫水平.     

复合活菌制剂对断奶仔猪生长性能及血清溶菌酶含量的影响

目的观察复合活菌制剂对断奶仔猪生长性能及血清溶菌酶含量的影响。方法选择长白二元杂交断奶仔猪90头进行实验,断奶日龄为35 d。共分为5个组,每组设3个重复,每个重复随机选取健康仔猪6头。实验组一:饲喂基础日粮+0.1%复合制剂(纳豆杆菌,双歧杆菌,罗伊乳杆菌),实验组二:饲喂基础日粮+0.1%复合制剂(纳豆杆菌,双歧杆菌,干酪乳杆菌),实验组三:饲喂基础日粮+0.1%复合制剂(纳豆杆菌,双歧杆菌,嗜酸乳杆菌),实验组四:饲喂基础日粮+0.1%复合制剂(纳豆杆菌,双歧杆菌,罗伊乳杆菌,干酪乳杆菌,嗜酸乳杆菌),对照组:饲喂基础日粮。其中复合制剂中益生菌活菌数为109CFU/g。饲养30 d后观察复合活菌制剂对断奶仔猪生长性能及血清溶菌酶含量的影响。结果在日增重、饲料效率及血清溶菌酶方面,实验组一和二显著高于对照组(P0.05);在腹泻率方面,实验组均显著低于对照组(P0.05)。结论在仔猪日粮中添加复合活菌制剂可提高每头断奶仔猪平均日增重及饲料效率,降低腹泻的发病率,且增高仔猪血清溶菌酶含量,提高仔猪的免疫机能,从而提高经济效益。     

复合微生态制剂对雏鸡实验性感染鸡白痢沙门菌病的预防实验

实验用200羽伊莎B-380雏鸡,随机分为5组,在1~3组雏鸡日粮中分别添加0.5%、1.0%、1.5%HM-强效复合微生态制剂,第4组日粮中添加0.2%氟哌酸,第5组饲料中不添加任何药物作为空白对照,用鸡白痢沙门菌进行人工感染,以观其药物的保护作用。结果显示添加0.5%HM-强效复合微生态制剂有98%的保护率,添加1.0%、1.5%HM-强效复合微生态制剂和添加0.2%氟哌酸有100%的保护率,检查发现添加HM-强效复合微生态制剂组雏鸡肠道中大肠埃希菌明显减少,而乳酸杆菌和双歧杆菌有益微生物明显增多。     

益生菌饲料的现状、生产和应用效果(二)

6益生菌的使用效果猪瘟和鸡瘟在我国流行较严重,对集约饲养是很大的威胁,饲喂微生态制剂可有效提高动物体内免疫抗体水平,预防疾病爆发,并提高饲料转化率和产品品质[34],有实验表明,养猪使用微生态制剂,可提高日增重11%,改善饲料转化率     

一株功能型益生菌对肉鸡生产性能的影响

实验选用3日龄AA肉鸡14 000只,随机分成2组,实验组口服功能型微生态制剂,空白对照组不饲喂任何微生态制剂,全程跟踪监测。结果表明,肉鸡在口服功能型益生菌制剂后表现出三大特点:(1)肉鸡生长加快,鸡群整齐度与均匀度有所改善,出栏平均重提高9.5%;(2)肠道环境有所改善,饲料利用率提高,实验组比对照组料肉比降低2.16%;(3)实验组鸡群可提前3~5 d出栏。     

乳酸L-68型粪肠球菌对肉鸡生产性能和免疫功能的影响

目的研究乳酸L-68粪肠球菌对肉鸡的生产性能和免疫功能的影响。方法选用3000羽1日龄的艾维菌肉用仔鸡,随机分为两个处理组,每组1500羽。对照组饲喂基础日粮,实验组饲喂基础日粮并在饮水中加入微生态制剂乳酸L-68粪肠球菌,实验期为42d。通过检测平均周增重、料肉比、鸡群的健康状况、抗体水平和器官指数探索该制剂对肉鸡的促生长和免疫增强作用。结果微生态制剂实验组鸡的周增重、料肉比、抗NDV的HI效价、免疫器官指数均优于对照组鸡,差异有显著性（P〈0．05）。结论肉鸡饮水中添加乳酸L-68粪肠球菌,能促进免疫器官的生长发育,提高免疫器官指数;能明显提高循环抗体的水平,因而能促进仔鸡的生长发育,降低料肉比。     

复合微生态制剂对幼刺参营养成分和 酶活力的影响

目的研究复合微生态制剂对幼刺参体壁营养成分、几种消化酶和免疫酶活力的影响。方法在封闭式循环系统中投喂不同的微生态制剂进行30 d刺参养殖实验。结果投喂液态复合微生态制剂组和粉状复合微生态制剂组的刺参体壁的粗脂肪、总糖、粗蛋白含量最高,两组与对照组相比差异有统计学意义(Ps0.05)。添加微生态制剂的3个实验组刺参肠道蛋白酶、淀粉酶活力均比对照组高,且差异有统计学意义(Ps0.05)。实验组刺参的肠道、体壁、体液过氧化氢酶活力均比对照组高,其中投喂液态复合微生态制剂实验组活力最高。实验组刺参组织的酸性磷酸酶和碱性磷酸酶活力也明显高于对照组(与对照组相比差异有统计学意义,Ps0.05)。结论微生态制剂可以有效改善幼刺参体壁营养成分,促进机体消化活力,提高刺参免疫力。     

复合微生态制剂对水产养殖水体净化作用的研究

目的：考察了复合微生态制剂对水产养殖水体的净化作用。方法：将实验室研制的复合微生态制剂MCB以不同的投放量加入各实验养殖池塘中,根据各池中溶氧、氨氮、亚硝酸盐、硫化物含量随时间的变化情况与空白对照池比较。结果：施放复合微生态制剂的各实验池均比未加复合微生态制剂的对照池溶氧含量明显增加,氨氮、亚硝酸盐、硫化物的含量明显降低;复合微生态制剂MCB的投放周期为10d左右,最佳投放量为9mg／L。结论：每10d左右,施放9mg／L的复合微生态制剂MCB,可对水产养殖水体起到较好的净化作用。     

戊糖乳杆菌制剂防治仔猪腹泻效果初探

目的进行戊糖乳杆菌活菌制剂防治仔猪腹泻的活体实验。方法以8头健康长白母猪所产的90头仔猪为实验材料,随机分组进行腹泻预防实验,设空白为对照。结果戊糖乳杆菌活菌制剂预防组的腹泻率为8．51％,对照组为78．57％,差异有非常显著性（P〈0．01）。对空白组出现腹泻的仔猪进行治疗比较实验,庆大霉素为对照。结果戊糖乳杆菌制剂治疗组的总有效率为100％,治愈率为76．47％,平均疗程5d;庆大霉素治疗组的有效率为93．75％,治愈率仅为31．25％,平均疗程6d,差异有显著性（P〈0．05）。此外,与对照比较,戊糖乳杆菌制剂预防组仔猪的精神状态好,毛色光亮,粪便成型;即使个别出现腹泻情况,连续灌服戊糖乳杆菌制剂2d（1次／d）,即可痊愈。结论戊糖乳杆菌制剂可有效预防和治疗仔猪腹泻。     

3种微生态制剂对大型溞存活、生殖和种群增长的影响

研究了3种微生态制剂(复合微生态制剂Ⅰ、复合微生态制剂Ⅱ和芽孢杆菌)对大型溞的急、慢性毒性影响,分析比较了3种微生态制剂的安全使用剂量以及对大型溞生殖和种群增长的影响.试验结果表明,3种微生态制剂对大型溞死亡率影响均显著(P < 0.05),从安全浓度来看,对大型溞的毒性作用依次为:复合微生态制剂Ⅱ>复合微生态制剂Ⅰ>芽孢杆菌;在安全浓度范围内,3种微生态制剂对大型溞亲代(P)的生殖和种群增长均有明显的促进作用,表现在随微生态制剂浓度的升高,P代的净生殖率(R0)和内禀增长率(rm)均显著增加(P < 0.05),其中以复合微生态制剂Ⅰ的效果最好,R0最高值为对照组的7倍,rm最高值为对照组的1.7倍;3种微生态制剂对大型溞子一代(F1)和子二代(F2)的生殖和种群增长均没有促进作用.     

异种源复合益生菌对杜滇仔猪肠道微生物多样性的影响

为研究异种源复合益生菌对超早期断奶（7日龄）的杜洛克×滇南小耳猪肠道微生物多样性的影响,选取30头7日龄杜洛克×滇南小耳猪,分为DD组哺喂代乳粉,DY组哺喂代乳粉+复合益生菌,对照组（DM组）母乳喂养,每组10头。试验期为21 d,采用IIIumina技术分析粪便菌群组成。结果表明,早期哺喂代乳粉,使杜洛克×滇南小耳猪肠道菌群多样性下降（P＜0.05）,厚壁菌门（P＜0.01）、螺旋菌门（P＜0.05）和Epsilonbacteraeota（P＜0.01）相对丰度降低,乳杆菌属相对丰度极显著提高（P＜0.01）,代乳粉中添加异种源复合益生菌后,拟杆菌门和普氏菌属的相对丰度显著提高（P＜0.05））,与碳水化合物代谢（Prevotella_7、Prevotella_2、Prevotella_9）及肠道抗炎症（Colilnsella）相关菌群的相对丰度也显著提高,具有降低仔猪断奶应激的潜能。     

Effects of feeding antibiotic-free creep feed supplemented with oligofructose, probiotics or synbiotics to suckling piglets increases the preweaning weight gain and composition of intestinal microbiota

The objective of this study was to determine whether feeding an antibiotic-free creep feed supplemented with either oligofructose, probiotics or synbiotics to suckling piglets influences growth performance, the gut microflora, gut morphology and hematological traits at weaning. Twenty sows with 10 piglets each were randomly assigned to one of four treatments. The treatments consisted of a control (antibiotic-free) diet, 0.2% oligofructose (OF), 0.3% probiotics or 0.5% synbiotics (mixture of 0.2% OF+0.3% probiotics). Piglets were offered the diet ad libitum from 7 d after birth until one day after weaning (21 d of age). At the day after weaning, blood samples were collected from the jugular vein to determine the immune response. Digesta samples of the ileum and colon were collected to determine the microbial composition. Tissue segments from the duodenum and ileum were collected for morphometric measurements of the small intestine. The average daily weight gain was significantly higher for piglets fed the OF or synbiotics diet compared with the pigs fed the control diet. The hematological traits (the concentration of lymphocytes and neutrophils in whole blood) were not affected by the diet. Piglets fed the OF, probiotics or synbiotics diet had a significantly decreased number of total coliform bacteria in the colon. Feeding OF, probiotics or synbiotics significantly increased the population of bifidobacteria in the ileum compared to the control. In the colon, the probiotics and synbiotics diet significantly increased the number of bifidobacteria compared with the control diet. The results of this experiment showed that supplementation of oligofructose or synbiotics to an antibiotic-free creep feed during the preweaning period affected gut microbial population and performance of piglets.     

Selenium-Enriched Probiotics Improves Murine Male Fertility Compromised by High Fat Diet

A total of 75 male mice were allotted to five groups of 15 each in a completely randomized experimental design to study the effects of probiotics, inorganic selenium, and selenium-enriched probiotics on male fertility in hyperlipidemic status. The mice in group 1 were fed a normal basal diet and served as negative control. The mice in group 2 were fed a high fat diet and served as positive control. The mice in groups 3, 4, and 5 were fed the high fat diet supplemented with probiotics, inorganic selenium, and selenium-enriched probiotics, respectively. The high fat diet was composed of 15% lard, 1% cholesterol, 0.3% cholic acid, and 83.7% basal diet. Over 90% of the selenium in the selenium-enriched probiotics was present in forms of organic selenium. After the mice were fed these diets for 75 days, serumal total cholesterol, triglycerides, low density lipoprotein, high density lipoprotein, and testosterone levels, plus sperm index (count, motility and abnormalities), penis length, and weight and histopathology of testes were measured. The results showed that in the mice fed the high fat diet were significant (P < 0.01) elevations of serumal total cholesterol, triglycerides and low density lipoprotein, and decreases of high density lipoprotein. The high fat diet caused a decline in serumal testosterone level, reduced semen quality, and atrophy and degeneration of seminiferous tubules. No effects on penis length or relative weight of testis were observed. Supplementation of probiotics, inorganic selenium, or selenium-enriched probiotics to the high fat diet significantly alleviated (P < 0.05) the adverse effects of hyperlipidemia by reducing testicular tissue injury, increasing serumal testosterone level, and improving sperm indexes. It was concluded that hyperlipidemia had significant adverse effects on male fertility, which could be ameliorated at various degrees by feeding the diets supplemented with probiotics, inorganic selenium, or selenium-enriched probiotics. Selenium-enriched probiotics or inorganic selenium supplementation gave better results than probiotics supplementation and may be used to improve animal and human male fertility compromised by hyperlipidemia or obesity.     

Effects of Lactobacillus casei and Enterococcus faecalis on growth performance,immune function and gut microbiota of suckling piglets

This study was carried out to investigate the effects of orally administrated Lactobacillus casei and Enterococcus faecalis on performance, immune function and gut microbiota of suckling piglets. Neonatal piglets (n = 120) were randomly assigned to 4 groups, with 30 suckling piglets in each group. The piglets were from 15 litters, one male and one female piglet were selected for each group in each litter. The Control group was administrated with normal saline, the other groups with L. casei or E. faecalis or a combination of L. casei and E. faecalis at a ratio of 3:1. Each piglet was orally administrated with 1, 2, 3 and 4 ml probiotics or normal saline at the age of 1, 7, 14 and 21 d, respectively. The piglets were weaned at the age of 21 d. The results showed that compared with the Control group, the average daily gain of piglets administrated with probiotics was significantly increased, and the diarrhoea rate and mortality were significantly decreased (p < 0.05). After supplementation of the combined probiotics, the protease activity in stomach, duodenum and colon was increased and in all supplemented groups, the immunoglobulin A concentration in plasma was significantly higher (p < 0.05). The combined probiotics significantly increased villus length and the expression level of transforming growth factor-β in the jejunum (p < 0.05) but decreased the expression level of the jejunal tumour necrosis factor-α (p < 0.05). In addition, probiotics could regulate gut microbiota and increase microbial similarity coefficients for keeping piglet gut microbiota stable.     

混合益生菌对鲫鱼生长和肌肉营养成分的影响

将健康的鲫鱼120尾随机分为4组,每组2个重复,每个重复15尾,各组分别饲喂添加益生菌浓度为0.0%、0.2%、0.4%、0.6%的饵料,试验结束后,测定各组鱼的增重率、形体指标和内脏指数以及肌肉各营养成分,分析在饲料中添加不同浓度的益生菌后对鲫鱼生长发育、内脏指数以及肌肉各营养成分影响.试验结果显示,添加0.4%试验...     

合生元益生菌冲剂对小鼠肠道菌群调节作用的研究

目的 研究合生无益生菌冲剂对小鼠肠道菌群的调节作用.方法 将小鼠分为阴性对照组、合生元益生菌冲剂组.阴性对照组灌服蒸馏水14 d,合生元益生菌冲剂组灌服1 g/kg·d剂量的台生元益生菌冲剂14 d,检测实验前后肠道菌群数量.结果 灌服后小鼠肠道菌群与灌服前比较,,双歧杆菌数量有显著性增加（P＜0.05）,肠杆菌、肠球菌、乳杆菌和产气荚膜梭菌数量有无显著性变化（P＞0.05）.结论 合生元益生菌冲剂对小鼠肠道菌群具有一定的调节作用.     

小肽营养素对断奶仔猪生产性能及血液生化指标的影响

本试验将40头21 d断奶的三元杂交猪随机分为4组,用4组不同日粮组成及营养水平的饲料(I:基础日粮+2%喷雾干燥血浆蛋白粉(SDPP);Ⅱ、Ⅲ和Ⅳ组分别在基础日粮中添加1%,2%和3%小肽营养素)饲养21 d后称重、测定血液生化指标并进行统计分析.结果表明:添加小肽营养素对断奶仔猪的生产性能无显著影响;各处理组的血清总蛋白、血糖和血清尿素差异不显著,2%小肽组的球蛋白、免疫球蛋白含量显著高于其它组;小肽产品可以部分等蛋白取代断奶仔猪日粮中的血浆蛋白粉.通过了解小肽营养素替代喷雾干燥血浆蛋白粉对21 d断奶仔猪的生产性能和血液生化指标的影响,为肽类产品在断奶仔猪日粮中的应用提供了依据.