1991年度生命科学重点项目简介

项目编号:39130201 项目名称:中国豆科植物根瘤菌资源、分类及应用基础研究在各类生物固氮体系中,根瘤菌与豆科植物共生固氮能力居于首位,我国豆科植物种类占世界3/4,根瘤菌种类繁多,特异性强。充分挖掘丰富的根瘤菌资源,选择固氮能力和抗逆性强的优良菌株,组建高效菌株与寄主的最佳组合,可更高地发挥根瘤菌的固氮作用,并为自然选种和遗传工程研究提供广茂的种质资源和基因材料。根瘤菌的分类系统很不完善,包括种类也有限。我国根瘤菌分类工作有较好的基础。在     

根瘤菌的现代分类及其系统发育

根瘤菌是一类与农业生产关系甚为密切的细菌,它们与豆科植物共生具有很高的固氮效率。根瘤菌的分类因而成为生物固氮和细菌分类学两个领域的结合点,它的发展与这两个领域的发展有着直接的联系。近年来,随着根瘤菌资源的不断挖掘和发现以及新技术的不断发展和应用,根瘤菌的分类也经历了很大的变化和发展。特别是多相分类方法与d（N测序技术的发展和应用,使得根瘤菌的分类及其系统发育研究有了突破性进展。在这些多相分类研究的方法中,数值分类为大量菌株提供了生理学、形态学、血清学等各个表型方面的综合信息;分子技术的应用,如DN…     

华北及西北地区岩黄芪根瘤菌的表型及遗传多样性

选用分离自河北、内蒙古等5省区的岩黄芪根瘤菌30株及17株已知参比菌株,进行了营养利用、抗生素抗性、耐逆性及生理生化反应等12 5项表型性状研究,所得数值分类树状图表明不同宿主及不同地域的岩黄芪根瘤菌的表型多样性。通过对其中部分菌株进行16 S r DNA PCR- RFL P及BOX- PCR指纹图谱分析,聚类结果表明供试岩黄芪根瘤菌具有遗传多样性。     

西部某些根瘤菌的数值分类和16S rDNA PCR-RFLP分析

选用61株分离自我国西北地区的野豌豆、棘豆、苜蓿和草木樨根瘤菌和4株已知参比菌株,进行了营养利用、抗生素抗性和耐逆性等13个表型性状研究,通过MINTS软件分析,得到了数值分类树状图,发现全部供试菌株在79％的相似性水平上,分为5个群。对57株未知菌株和10株参比菌株16SrDNAPCR－RFLD分析,发现共具有20个遗传图谱类型,聚类分析树状图表明所有菌株共分为5个系统发育分支,与数值分类结果有较好的一致性。     

西部某些根瘤菌的数值分类和16SrDNA PCR-RFLP分析

选用 61株分离自我国西北地区的野豌豆、棘豆、苜蓿和草木樨根瘤菌和 4株已知参比菌株 ,进行了营养利用、抗生素抗性和耐逆性等 1 3 2个表型性状研究 ,通过MINTS软件分析 ,得到了数值分类树状图 ,发现全部供试菌株在 79%的相似性水平上 ,分为 5个群。对 5 7株未知菌株和 1 0株参比菌株进行了 1 6SrDNAPCR RFLP分析 ,发现共具有 2 0个遗传图谱类型 ,聚类分析树状图表明所有菌株共分为 5个系统发育分支 ,与数值分类结果有较好的一致性。     

斜茎黄芪根瘤菌表型性状数值分析

对95株斜茎黄芪根瘤菌与15株已知根瘤菌参比菌及5株来自其它寄本植物的根瘤菌一起进行了130项表型性状分析。结果表明：斜茎黄芪根瘤菌具有极大的表型性状多样性。全部供试菌株在83％相似性水平上分为19个表观群,大部分斜茎黄芪根瘤菌独立成群,与参比菌株的表到性状相似性较低;慢生型斜茎黄芪根瘤菌与快生型斜茎黄芪根瘤菌明显分开,分别构成独立的表现群;某些斜茎黄芪根瘤菌具有很强的抗逆性。     

黑木相思根瘤菌的系统发育分析及其结瘤效果研究

【目的】针对采集自福建、广东的34株黑木相思根瘤菌进行分类研究,进一步确定其分类地位,丰富我国黑木相思根瘤菌种质资源。【方法】对选取的34株菌株测定了16S rRNA基因、持家基因atpD和glnII序列,以14株菌为代表菌株分析其系统发育情况。而且选取了部分菌株进行结瘤实验。【结果】16S rRNA基因以及持家基因atpD和glnII的系统发育分析结果与16S rRNA PCR-RFLP分型结果基本一致,14株代表菌株被分为10个不同的类群,其中有2个群组属于中慢生根瘤菌属(Mesorhizobium),其余群组属于慢生根瘤菌属(Bradyrhizobium)。结瘤试验证明,相关的供试根瘤菌能与黑木相思、银合欢、南洋楹和网脉相思结瘤共生,显示出较广的宿主范围,且对黑木相思和银合欢的促生效果较明显。【结论】研究发现黑木相思根瘤菌具有丰富的遗传多样性和共生多样性。     

新疆苦豆子根瘤菌的数值分类研究

苦豆子(Sophora alopecuroides)对于干旱荒漠地区的畜牧业发展有着非常重要的意义,其生长特性与根瘤菌有密切关系。我们对分离自新疆苦豆子根瘤的67株根瘤菌及36个模式菌株进行了118项表型性状的测定,包括唯一碳源利用、唯一氮源利用、对抗生素和染料的抗性、耐盐性、初始pH值生长范围、生长温度范围及石蕊牛奶反应、氧化酶、过氧化氢酶和脲酶。对测定结果用聚类分析方法进行了分析,获得数值分类树状图。结果表明：新疆苦豆子根瘤菌在碳氮源利用、抗生素敏感性以及对染料的抗性程度等方面存在着差异。新疆苦豆子根瘤菌能耐受低温,并具有较强的耐盐、碱能力,所有供试菌株均能在初始pH值为9－12的YMA培养基上生长,92.5％的菌株能耐受3.0％的NaCl,91.0％的菌株能耐受4.0％的NaCl,有18株菌甚至能耐受5.0％和6.0％的NaCl。聚类结果表明, 在84.8%的相似性水平上,67个供试菌株构成了4个新的表观群,第Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ类群分别有21、7、4、3个菌株,中心菌株分别为NWBC152、NWTKX101、NWYJS12、NWLP112。此外,数值分类结果还表明,苦豆子根瘤菌与模式菌株的相似性较低,它们所形成的4个独立群可能有新种出现。     

新疆乌恰县豆科植物根瘤菌数值分类研究

新疆乌恰县具有独特的地理环境与气候条件,蕴藏着丰富的结瘤豆科植物资源.本研究从乌恰县豆科植物根瘤中分离到40株根瘤菌,并进行唯一碳源利用、唯一氮源利用、对抗生素和染料的抗性、耐盐性、初始pH生长、生长温度范围及石蕊牛奶反应、氧化酶、过氧化氢酶、脲酶共118项生理生化性状测定.结果表明:乌恰县豆科植物根瘤菌在碳氮源利用、抗生素敏感性、对染料抗性程度等方面存在着差异.供试根瘤菌能耐受较低温度,并具有较强的耐盐、碱能力,均能在pH 6~12的YMA培养基上生长,有60%的菌株能耐受0.86mol/L的NaCl.数值分类结果表明,在84.2%的相似水平上40株供试菌株构成了4个新的表观群.第Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ和Ⅳ类群分别有8、9、3和3株菌,中心菌株分别为NWWQ73-2、NWWQ13-1、NWWQ1-2、NWWQ6-2.此外,乌恰县豆科植物根瘤菌与模式菌株的相似性较低,它们所形成的4个独立群可能有新种存在.     

我国蚕豆根瘤菌的数值分类及其16S rDNA PCR-RFLP研究*

对分离自我国11个省24个地区49株蚕豆根瘤菌及11株参比菌株进行了唯一碳源、氮源、抗生素、耐逆性和酶活性等138个表型性状测定,并用M INTS软件进行聚类分析。结果表明,全部供试菌株在59%的相似水平上聚在一起,在80%的相似水平上可分为6个群。其中群4与参比菌株聚在一起,而其他5个群均由未知菌组成。进一步对36株菌进行了16S rDNA PCR-RFLP分析,在85%相似水平上供试菌可分为4个群和1个独立的分支,其聚群结果与数值分类结果有较好的一致性。表型及遗传型分析结果表明,我国蚕豆根瘤菌具有极大的多样性。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

Synthesis and antimicrobial studies of hydrazone derivatives of 4-[3-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-4-formyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl]benzoic acid and 4-[3-(3,4-difluorophenyl)-4-formyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl]benzoic acid

Microbial resistance to antibiotics is an unresolved global concern, which needs urgent and coordinated action. One of the guidelines of the Centers for Disease Control and Preventions (CDC) to combat antibiotic resistance is the development of new antibiotics to treat drug-resistant bacteria. In our effort to find new antibiotics, we report the synthesis and antimicrobial studies of 30 new pyrazole derivatives. These novel molecules have been synthesized by using readily available starting materials and benign reaction conditions. Some of these molecules have shown activity with MIC values as low as 0.78?µg/mL against four bacterial strains; Staphylococcus aureus, methicillin-resistant S. aureus, Bacillus subtilis, and Acinetobacter baumannii. Furthermore, active molecules are non-toxic to mammalian cell line.

     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Novel compounds with potent CDK9 inhibitory activity for the treatment of myeloma

Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) and Polo-like kinases (PLKs) play key role in the regulation of the cell cycle. The aim of our study was originally the further development of our recently discovered polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1) inhibitors. A series of new 2,4-disubstituted pyrimidine derivatives were synthesized around the original hit, but their PLK1 inhibitory activity was very poor. However the novel compounds showed nanomolar CDK9 inhibitory activity and very good antiproliferative effect on multiple myeloma cell lines (RPMI-8226).