简便快速纯化人血清α1-酸性糖蛋白的方法

本文采用(NH₄)₂SO₄和CCl₃COOH沉淀,及Cibacron blue F3G-A-SephadexG-100凝胶柱层析,经二步提纯了人血清α₁-酸性糖蛋白。PAGE鉴定,在阳极端仅显示一条蛋白带。Schiff氏试剂染色阳性,证实为糖蛋白。SDS-PAGE测得其分子量为45000。免疫电泳结果表明,纯化的α₁-酸性糖蛋白与兔抗人全血清及免抗人α₁-酸性糖蛋白均呈现单一沉淀弧。氨基酸组成测定亦与文献报告的结果基本一致。本方法简便、省时。     

LC-MS/MS法检测猪内脏和肌肉中N-乙酰神经氨酸、N-羟乙酰氨酸和脱氨神经氨酸浓度的研究

目的:建立液相色谱-三重四级杆质谱联用法(LC-MS/MS)测定猪内脏和肌肉组织中唾液酸N-乙酰神经氨酸(Neu5Ac)、N-羟乙酰神经氨酸(Neu5Gc)和脱氨神经氨酸(KDN)浓度的分析方法。方法:将内脏肉组织匀浆后,利用三氟乙酸(TFA)将结合态的唾液酸从糖脂或糖蛋白链上解离下来后进样分析。色谱条件:色谱柱为ZORBAX Eclipse Plus C18(5μm,4.6×250 mm,Waters),流动相为0.1%醋酸铵-100%乙腈(9:1),柱温:25℃,流速800μL·min~(-1),进样量20μL。质谱条件:离子源为电喷雾化离子源(ESI),扫描方式为多重反应监测(MRM),监测离子对:Neu5Ac:307.7→87.0,Neu5Gc:323.3→116.0,KDN:266.7→87.0,13C3Neu5Ac内标品:310.9→90.0。结果:Neu5Ac、Neu5Gc和KDN分别在0.1~20.0、0.05~10.00和0.005~1.000μmol·L~(-1)的浓度范围内和对照品与内标峰面积比值线性关系良好,重复性平均RSD为1.2%,稳定性平均RSD为1.9%,日间和日内精密度试验RSD均小于6.7%,平均回收率为92.9~106.4%。结论:本方法简便、快速、灵敏度高,可广泛运用于组织和体液中唾液酸的测定。     

肝靶向配体半乳糖基白蛋白和多聚谷氨酸

化学合成两类去唾液酸糖蛋白受体(ASGPR)的人工配体——半乳糖基白蛋白(Gal_nHSA)和半乳糖基多聚-L-谷氨酸(Gal_nPLGA), 并以 ¹²⁵I标记的去唾液酸胎球蛋白(ASF)为标准配体,测定了合成配体抑制 ¹²⁵I-ASF与大鼠肝细胞膜ASGPR结合的IC₅₀值. 结果表明,Gal₁₂HSA、Gal₁₅HSA、Gal₂₆HSA、Gal₃₀HSA和Gal₃₄PLGA均能够有效地抑制 ¹²⁵I-ASF与ASGPR的结合,且前者与ASGPR的亲和力随半乳糖基化程度的增加而增加. 这些合成配体来源丰富、制备简单,适合于作为药物或基因肝靶向运送的导向配体.     

Man8GlcNAc2糖基化的酿酒酵母菌株的构建

酿酒酵母糖蛋白的N-糖基化经过高尔基体的修饰后形成聚合度约150-200的甘露寡糖,高尔基体N-糖基化的糖基转移酶Mnn1p和Och1p在甘露寡糖的形成过程中起关键作用。通过同源重组置换敲除了酵母中的MNN1和OCH1基因阻断高尔基体N-糖基化修饰,分离纯化了mnn1 och1突变株中的N-糖蛋白,糖酰胺酶PNGaseF酶解释放的N-糖链经过2-氨基吡啶衍生后,利用HPLC和MALDITOF/MS结合的方法分析了突变株糖蛋白上的N-糖链。结果显示mnn1 och1突变株中的糖蛋白的N-糖链为结构单一的糖链,分子量为1794.66,推测为Man₈GlcNAc₂。     

周期性应变诱导人肺上皮细胞整联蛋白再分布的研究

为了探讨机械拉伸应变对人肺上皮细胞表面整联蛋白α₃ 、α₅和β₁分布的调控作用,建立了体外周期性拉伸应变装置,并应用胞外基质蛋白——纤连蛋白（Fn）、胶原蛋白Ⅳ（Col Ⅳ）裱衬基底膜,激光共聚焦显微镜分析了在应变为15％,频率为40次／min的拉伸刺激下,正常人肺上皮细胞H727表面α₃、α₅和β₁整联蛋白的再分布.结果表明：在人肺上皮细胞H727中,α₃、α₅和β₁整联蛋白是对拉伸应变敏感的膜受体,周期性拉伸刺激可诱导其激活,使之发生分布的重组,并向基底层转移,形成局部粘附连接,增强了整联蛋白受体与其特异性配体的结合能力.结果提示：一个有效的局部粘附连接的形成是受体聚集和配体占据共同启动的一个协调反应,该反应可能参与了细胞响应机械应力的起始过程,可能进一步通过力-化学信号的耦合或张力整合的形式,最终对细胞的生物学行为产生影响.     

中国人杀菌蛋白氨基端基因的克隆和序列分析

本文报道中国人杀菌蛋白（BPI）氨基端基因CDNA的克隆及序列测定。采用逆转录PCR方法,分别从HL-60细胞和正常人外周血、HGVRNA阳性献血员外周血的淋巴细胞中克隆了人BPI氨基端基因BG₆₀、BG_Nor和BG_HGV。序列分析结果表明：BG₆₀与文献报道一致：BG_Nor有3个核苷酸差异,推导有1个氨基酸变化;BG_HGV有3个核苷酸差异,其中一处与BG_{Nor相似文献}   

佛波酯(TPA)促进NIH3T3细胞α5β1整合蛋白的合成

佛波酯(TPA)是潜在促肿瘤剂,也是蛋白激酶PKC激活剂.TPA能在极低浓度下替代DG激活PKC,从而导致一系列细胞功能变化.应用100 nmol/L TPA作用于NIH3T3细胞,观察NIH3T3细胞的粘附变化,发现TPA可促进NIH3T3细胞与基质纤连蛋白的粘附,进一步研究Fn的主要受体α₅β₁整合蛋白在细胞表面含量,发现TPA作用24 h使α₅及β₁含量分别增加52.3%和51.6%.应用³H-甘露糖标记N-糖链和凝集素柱层析方法分析TPA作用后细胞N-糖链总量和组分比,结果均与对照组相仿,说明是通过增加细胞合成整合蛋白α₅及β₁亚基含量实现的.在TPA作用于细胞的同时,加入PKC抑制剂Sphingosine,发现α₅、β₁含量和细胞与Fn的粘附均回复至对照组水平,提示TPA增加α₅β₁整合蛋白合成而增加的细胞与Fn粘附作用,是由PKC介导完成的.此外还发现酪氨酸蛋白激酶抑制剂也阻断TPA增加α₅β₁整合蛋白含量的作用.     

甲2巨球蛋白对电离辐射引起人血中O2-·自由基释放的影响

本实验用 ⁶⁰Coγ线照射正常人新鲜全血,观察电离辐射对多形核白细胞(PMN)释放超氧化物阴离子自由基(O₂^-_·)的影响,以及人血甲2巨球蛋白(α₂M)制剂对辐射引起的PMN释放O₂^-_·的作用。结果表明:正常人新鲜全血照射(5-20Gy)后1h,PMN释放O₂^-_·的量较不照射组增高(P<0.01),红细胞中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)的活力较不照射组降低(P<0.01)。照前1h加入人血α₂M制剂(每ml全血中加入138.5单位)能有效地降低PMN的O₂^-_·释放量,提高红细胞中SOD的活力。离体实验结果提示α₂M治疗辐射损伤作用可能与其抑制过多的O₂^-_·产生有关。     

抗人重组肿瘤坏死因子(rHTNFα)单克隆抗体的研制

肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)对许多肿瘤细胞具有细胞毒和抑制生长的作用。为进一步研究TNFα的结构和功能,并为临床研究提供rHTNFα纯品。本实验应用杂交瘤技术制备了一组抗rHTNFct单克隆抗体3、H₂、B₃,B₅、E₆、Zl₂、Z₈和Z₂₀)。ELISA结果证实它们鼻rlL－1、rlL-2、rlFNγ、rlFNα₁及E．Coli菌裂解液(MM₂₉₄)无均交叉反应,仅与rHTNFα有反应。Western blot结果进一步证实这组抗体对rHTNFα的特异性。这组抗体具有不同程度中和rHTNFα细胞毒能力。用抗rHTNFα抗体制备的亲和层析柱纯化rHTNFα,可以得到在SDS-PEAG上分子量为17000道尔顿的rHTNFα纯品。     

慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者血清8-iso-PGF2α、HIF-1α、NGAL、caspase-3水平与肺功能及认知功能障碍的关系研究

摘要 目的：探讨慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）患者血清8-异前列腺素F2α（8-iso-PGF2α）、低氧诱导因子（HIF-1α）、中性粒细胞明胶酶相关脂质运载蛋白（NGAL）、半胱氨酸天冬酶-3（caspase-3）水平与肺功能及认知功能障碍的关系。方法：选取2018年3月至2020年6月期间我院收治的62例COPD合并认知功能障碍患者（认知功能障碍组）,另选取50例COPD未合并认知功能障碍患者为对照组。比较两组血清8-iso-PGF2α、HIF-1α、NGAL、caspase-3水平和肺功能、蒙特利尔认知评估量表（MoCA）评分,分析COPD合并认知功能障碍患者血清8-iso-PGF2α、HIF-1α、NGAL、caspase-3与肺功能、MoCA评分的相关性。结果：认知功能障碍组血清8-iso-PGF2α、HIF-1α、NGAL、caspase-3水平高于对照组（P＜0.05）,认知功能障碍组第1秒用力呼气容积（FEV₁）、FEV₁与用力肺活量比值（FEV₁/FVC）、 FEV₁占预计值百分数(FEV₁%pred)、MoCA评分均低于对照组（P＜0.05）。Pearson相关分析结果显示COPD合并认知功能障碍患者血清8-iso-PGF2α、HIF-1α、NGAL、caspase-3水平与FEV₁、FEV₁/FVC、FEV₁%pred、MoCA评分均呈负相关（P＜0.05）。结论：COPD合并认知功能障碍患者血清8-iso-PGF2α、HIF-1α、NGAL、caspase-3水平较COPD未合并认知功能障碍患者明显升高,8-iso-PGF2α、HIF-1α、NGAL、caspase-3升高与肺功能下降和认知功能受损均存在相关性,对COPD患者病情及认知功能障碍具有一定预测价值。     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细