利用RAPD技术对木耳属菌株进行分类鉴定的研究

利用ＲＡＰＤ技术对木耳属不同种和种内不同菌株进行了分子鉴定。结果表明,在供试的２６个随机引物中,有１０个引物可扩增出清晰、稳定的ＤＮＡ带型,其中引物Ｓ４和Ｓ６与供试木耳属菌株的基因组ＤＮＡ结合位点少而保守,扩增图谱具有种的特异性,可用于种的快速准确鉴定;其综随机引物的扩增ＤＮＡ多态性较强,可用于种内不同菌株的鉴定;聚类分析表明,在７５％相似水平下,可将供试的木耳属菌株分成四大类,其中有三大类各代表     

应用RAPD技术对蜘蛛系统演化的初步研究

利用随机扩增多态ＤＮＡ 技术检测了３ 类不同蜘蛛的系统发生关系．用１２ 个随机引物对各实验蜘蛛的基因组ＤＮＡ 进行扩增,选择其中扩增谱带清晰的８ 个引物进行分析并计算不同类蜘蛛间的遗传距离．结果表明：所有８ 个引物获得的ＲＡＰＤ谱带均表现为不同程度的多态性;地穴型蜘蛛与结网型蜘蛛间的遗传距离及结网型与游猎型之间的遗传距离,均比地穴型与游猎型之间的遗传距离近,体现了蜘蛛由地穴→结网→游猎的系统演化进程．这一结论与根据古生物学、胚胎学、形态学及生态学等得出的结论一致,从而进一步从ＤＮＡ 分子水平上为蜘蛛系统演化提供了新的证据．     

烟草黑胫病菌株亲缘关系的RAPD分析

从２２０个ＲＡＰＤ（Ｒａｎｄｏｍ Ａｍｐｌｉｆｉｅｄ Ｐｏｌｙｍｏｒｐｈｉｃ ＤＮＡｓ）随机引物中所选出的多态扩增性强的２１个引物对来源不同的３３个烟草黑胫病菌株进行全基因组ＤＮＡ遗传多样性分析和指纹构建。选用引物对受试菌株进行ＲＡＰＤ－ＰＣＲ扩增,共产生２４３条ＤＮＡ标记图带,其中１９１条为多态性图带,多态检测率为７８．６％。利用ＵＰＧＭＡ（Ｕｎｗｅｉｇｔｈｔｅｄ Ｐａｉｒ－ｇｒｏｕｐ Ｍｅｔｈ     

利用RAPD技术对木耳属菌株进行分类鉴定的研究

利用ＲＡＰＤ技术对木耳属不同种和种内不同菌株进行了分子鉴定。结果表明,在供试的２６个随机引物中,有１０个引物可扩增出清晰、稳定的ＤＮＡ带型,其中引物Ｓ４和Ｓ６与供试木耳属菌株的基因组ＤＮＡ结合位点少而保守,扩增图谱具有种的特异性,可用于种的快速准确鉴定;其综随机引物的扩增ＤＮＡ多态性较强,可用于种内不同菌株的鉴定;聚类分析表明,在７５％相似水平下,可将供试的木耳属菌株分成四大类,其中有三大类各代表一个形态鉴定的种。研究结果表明了ＲＡＰＤ技术可有效地用于木耳属种或菌株的快速准确鉴定。     

利用RAPD技术对木耳属菌株进行分类鉴定的研究*

利用ＲＡＰＤ技术对木耳属不同种和种内不同菌株进行了分子鉴定。结果表明,在供试的２６个随机引物中,有１０个引物可扩增出清晰、稳定的ＤＮＡ带型,其中引物Ｓ４和Ｓ６与供试木耳属菌株的基因组ＤＮＡ结合位点少而保守,扩增图谱具有种的特异性,可用于种的快速准确鉴定;其综随机引物的扩增ＤＮＡ多态性较强,可用于种内不同菌株的鉴定;聚类分析表明,在７５％相似水平下,可将供试的木耳属菌株分成四大类,其中有三大类各代表一个形态鉴定的种。研究结果表明了ＲＡＰＤ技术可有效地用于木耳属种或菌株的快速准确鉴定。     

普通小麦细胞质雄性不育系及其保持系线粒体DNA和RAPD分析

应用随机扩增多态ＤＮＡ（Ｒａｎｄｏｍ ａｍｐｌｉｆｉｅｄ ｐｏｌｙｍｏｒｐｈｉｃ ＤＮＡｓ,ＲＡＰＤ）技术,对普通小麦细胞质雄性不育系（Ａ）及其保持系（Ｂ）线粒体基因组（ｍｉｔｏｃｈｏｎｄｒｉａｌ ｇｅｎｏｍｅ）的指纹图谱进行了分析。共使用引物４１个,其中２０个引物得到了扩增产物,部分引物扩增结果表现多态性。说明线粒体ＤＮＡ（ｍｉｔｏｃｈｏｎｄｒｉａｌ ＤＡＮ,ｍｔ,ＤＮＡ）序列在不育系和保持系之     

离子束介导大豆DNA转化小麦后代高蛋白株的RAPD标记分析

利用离子束介导法将大豆DNA导入小麦,经过连续4代田间筛选和蛋白含量测定,获得高蛋白变异株系.采用RAPD分析技术,用34条随机引物对供体大豆、受体小麦和3个高蛋白小麦变异株的基因组DNA进行扩增.有29个引物扩增出清晰稳定的条带,其中18个引物扩增出的条带有不同程度的差异.高蛋白小麦突变株与受体小麦(对照)相比出现了条带的增加、缺失、扩增带深浅等变化,也出现了与受体小麦不同而与供体大豆相同的扩增带.实验结果表明,外源大豆DNA导入受体小麦可以引起后代基因组DNA序列变化,扩大小麦遗传基础.     

香菇亲本菌株及其杂交后代的RAPD分析

运用随机扩增多态性ＤＮＡ技术对源于两个香菇双核菌的孢子单核体,原生质体单核体及其杂交后代进行了基因组ＤＮＡ多态性分析,用９个随机引物共扩增出１１６条ＤＮＡ片段,其中８２．５％具有多态性,综合分析９个随机引物的扩增谱带,可将所有供试亲本单核本清楚地工,且单聚类分析的结果与其来源及遗传背景相吻合。此外,用两个双核亲本菌株的各４个不同酱 孢子单核体两两酱所得的所有杂交组合,也均可与双核亲本菌株明确地区分     

普通小麦细胞质雄性不育系及其保持系线粒体DNA的RAPD分析

应用随机扩增多态ＤＮＡ（ＲａｎｄｏｍａｍｐｌｉｆｉｅｄｐｏｌｙｍｏｒｐｈｉｃＤＮＡｓ,ＲＡＰＤ）技术,对普通小麦细胞质雄性不育系（Ａ）及其保持系（Ｂ）线粒体基因组（ｍｉｔｏｃｈｏｎｄｒｉａｌｇｅｎｏｍｅ）的指纹图谱进行了分析。共使用引物４１个,其中２０个引物得到了扩增产物,部分引物扩增结果表现多态性。说明线粒体ＤＮＡ（ｍｉｔｏｃｈｏｎｄｒｉａｌＤＮＡ,ｍｔＤＮＡ）序列在不育系和保持系之间存在差异,进一步明确了小麦细胞质雄性不育（ｃｙｔｏｐｌａｓｍｉｃｍａｌｅｓｔｅｒｉｌｅ,ＣＭＳ）与ｍｔＤＮＡ的关系。     

大豆灰斑病菌生理小种的RAPD标记

运用随机扩增多态性ＤＮＡ（ＲａｎｄｏｍａｍｐｌｉｆｉｅｄｐｏｌｙｍｏｒｐｈｉｃＤＮＡ,ＲＡＰＤ）技术对发生于中国东北的大豆灰斑病菌（Ｃｅｒｃｏｓｐｏｒｉｄｉｕｍｓｏｊｉｍｕｍ）的１０个生理小种进行基因组ＤＮＡ多态性分析,用１３个１０－核苷酸随机引物获得了１１１个ＲＡＰＤ标记,其中８６．５％具有多态性,通过聚类分析确定了供试小种间的亲缘关系,试验证明,ＲＡＰＤ技术分析大豆灰斑病菌遗传传变异可提供大量     

二十八份玉米自交系的RAPD亲缘关系分析

采用RAPD技术,对28份玉米自交系的亲缘关系进行分析。旨在DNA水平上揭示玉米自交系之间的亲缘关系,为进一步提高玉米杂种优势利用水平提供有益的信息从100个10bp随机引物中筛选出24个多态性较好的引物,对28份玉米自交系DNA进行扩增,扩增出24张DNA指纹图谱,其中多态性DNA谱带106条,占总扩增带数的64％。利用DNA扩增结果进行聚类分析,建立了28个玉米自交系的亲缘天系树状图,将供试材料划分为五个类群,RAPD分析结果与已知系谱的亲缘关系基本一致。     

RAPD和ISSR标记对水稻化感种质资源遗传多态性的分析

运用RAPD和ISSR技术分析水稻化感种质资源的遗传多态性。从供试材料中筛选到具有多态性的RAPD引物12条,ISSR引物7条。RAPD引物共扩增到85条清晰的多态性条带,多态性条带比率为69．4％。ISSR引物共扩增到34条清晰的多态性条带,多态性条带比率为53．0％。对两种标记结果进行UPGMA聚类分析,结果极其类似,呈极显著的正相关(r=0．74)。聚类结果表明,地理位置相近的品种聚为一类。部分具有较强化感作用潜力的水稻品种亲缘关系很近,表明控制其化感作用性状的基因可能是等位的相同基因。而部分化感作用潜力差异显著的水稻品种聚为一类,这是由于人类在长期高产品种的定向选择过程中,水稻化感作用性状不被注意而丢失,遗传基础日益狭窄的原因。     

Population Structure of Magnaporthe grisea from North-western Himalayas and its Implications for Blast Resistance Breeding of Rice

Neutral and pathogenicity markers were used to analyse the population structure of Magnaporthe grisea rice isolates from the north‐western Himalayan region of India. Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD)‐based DNA fingerprinting of 48 rice isolates of M. grisea with five primers (OPA‐04, OPA‐10, OPA‐13, OPJ‐06 and OPJ‐19) showed a total of 65 RAPD bands, of which 54 were polymorphic. Cluster analysis of 48 rice isolates of M. grisea on the basis of these 65 RAPD bands revealed the presence of high genotypic diversity and continuous DNA fingerprint variation in the pathogen population. No correlation was observed between RAPD patterns and virulence characteristics of the pathogen. The observed population structure contrasted with presumed clonal reproductive behaviour of the pathogen and indicated the possibility of ongoing genetic recombination in the pathogen population. Analysis of the virulence organization of five RAPD groups (RG1–RG5) using 20 rice genotypes comprising at least 15 resistance genes revealed that no combination of resistance genes would confer resistance against all RAPD fingerprint groups present in the M. grisea rice population. The possible implications of the observed population structure of M. grisea for blast resistance breeding have been discussed.     

Avirulence gene and insertion element-based RFLP as well as RAPD markers reveal high levels of genomic polymorphism in the rice pathogen Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae

Genetic polymorphism within the genomes of bacterial pathogens determines their evolutionary potential during long-term interaction with their hosts. To investigate the level of genetic variation in Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo), the causative agent of rice bacterial blight disease, three DNA marker systems, including (i) restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) of the avrBs3/PthA family genes (avrXa27), (ii) RFLP of insertion (IS) elements and (iii) random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers, were used to detect polymorphism among 32 Xoo strains that differed in their virulence patterns. All these strains contained multiple avrXa27 homologs that were variable in copy number and genomic location. RFLP of six IS elements revealed that these mobile sequences were abundant in Xoo genomes, with 150 of the total of 165 discernable markers being variable. Thirty-eight decamer primers of RAPD amplified a total of 691 bands, with 100% of them being variable. In addition, analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) of data from RFLP analysis of IS elements and from RAPD analysis showed that most of the genetic variation residues were within Xoo populations, rather than between populations. Although all three DNA marker systems supported that substantial variation was maintained in Xoo genomes, Mantel tests did not identify significant correlation between the similarity coefficients calculated from them. The results of the present study indicated that Xoo genomes contain a high level of genetic polymorphism, which greatly facilitates the evolution of this important pathogen during interaction with its host rice plant.     

野生稻和栽培稻的随机多态DNA(RAPD)分析

应用 RAPD方法对药用野生稻、普通野生稻、粳稻和籼稻进行基因组多态性分析。 1 2个随机引物共扩增出 1 3 2条 RAPD带 ,片段大小在 3 0 0～ 3 5 0 0 bp之间 ,其中有 1 0 6条表现出多态性 ,占总扩增片段的86.4%。根据遗传距离分析 ,用 UPGMA法构建了聚类树状图 ,结果表明 ,普通野生稻的遗传特性比药用野生稻更接近于栽培稻。     

Analysis of Specific RAPD and ISSR Fragments in Maize (Zea mays L.) Somaclones and Development of SCAR Markers on Their Basis

RAPD (Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA) and ISSR (Inter Simple Sequence Repeats) markers were used to analyse the genetic divergence between the regenerated plants derived from callus cultures and the original maize line A188. Analysis of polymorphism by using 38 RAPD- and 10 ISSR-oligonucleotide primers showed that the differences between eight examined somaclones and the original line ranged from 6.5 to 23%. As confirmed using new primers, the regenerants derived from callus cultures grouped into two clusters according to their origin. The regenerants isolated from calluses grown for eight months differed from one another and the original line to a larger extent than the regenerants obtained from two-month callus cultures. In some somaclones, molecular marking of the regenerants revealed specific RAPD and ISSR fragments that were absent in other somaclones or the original maize line. On the basis of six specific fragments (five RAPD and one ISSR), SCAR (Sequence Characterized Amplified Region) markers were developed. Specific polymorphism revealed with random primers was completely confirmed using five SCAR markers. Polymorphism of one SCAR marker differed from that revealed with random primers. Five SCAR fragments were inherited as simple dominant traits. One SCAR fragment displayed codominant inheritance.     

Nested Insertions and Accumulation of Indels Are Negatively Correlated with Abundance of Mutator-Like Transposable Elements in Maize and Rice

Mutator-like transposable elements (MULEs) are widespread in plants and were first discovered in maize where there are a total of 12,900 MULEs. In comparison, rice, with a much smaller genome, harbors over 30,000 MULEs. Since maize and rice are close relatives, the differential amplification of MULEs raised an inquiry into the underlying mechanism. We hypothesize this is partly attributed to the differential copy number of autonomous MULEs with the potential to generate the transposase that is required for transposition. To this end, we mined the two genomes and detected 530 and 476 MULEs containing transposase sequences (candidate coding-MULEs) in maize and rice, respectively. Over 1/3 of the candidate coding-MULEs harbor nested insertions and the ratios are similar in the two genomes. Among the maize elements with nested insertions, 24% have insertions in coding regions and over half of them harbor two or more insertions. In contrast, only 12% of the rice elements have insertions in coding regions and 19% have multiple insertions, suggesting that nested insertions in maize are more disruptive. This is because most nested insertions in maize are from LTR retrotransposons, which are large in size and are prevalent in the maize genome. Our results suggest that the amplification of retrotransposons may limit the amplification of DNA transposons but not vice versa. In addition, more indels are detected among maize elements than rice elements whereas defects caused by point mutations are comparable between the two species. Taken together, more disruptive nested insertions combined with higher frequency of indels resulted in few (6%) coding-MULEs that may encode functional transposases in maize. In contrast, 35% of the coding-MULEs in rice retain putative intact transposase. This is in addition to the higher expression frequency of rice coding-MULEs, which may explain the higher occurrence of MULEs in rice than that in maize.     

水稻转基因系"明恢63-Xa21"的基因组分析

植物基因工程研究已经建立了多种转基因的方法 ,这些方法包括农杆菌侵染[1 ] 、粒子轰击[2 ] 、电激转化和原生质体培养[3 ] 等。研究人员希望通过这些方法 ,将功能外源基因整合到受体基因组 ,而同时不引起其它性状的变化。已有的研究表明 ,各种转基因系统均能成功地将外源基因整合到受体基因组并能稳定地遗传到后代[1～ 3 ] 。然而通常情况下人们主要关注目标性状的变化 ,而对受体基因组的其它变化研究较少。事实上许多转基因植物发生了不希望出现的变异[4,5] 。已建立的各种分子标记如ＳＳＲＰ(简单序列重复多态性 ) [6] 、ＲＡＰＤ(随机…     

喀斯特高海拔山区玉米骨干自交系遗传多样性RAPD标记分析

以代表我国玉米6个主要杂种优势群旅大红骨、Lancaster、Reid、苏湾、墨白和塘四平头的标准测验种丹340、自330、7922、苏37、449、黄早四和适应我国喀斯特高海拔山区的玉米骨干自交系为材料,利用RAPD标记对其进行遗传多样性和杂种优势群划分.从90个随机引物中筛选出21个多态性好的引物扩增材料,共产生146条谱带,其中124条谱带有多态性,占86.3%,说明喀斯特高海拔山区的玉米骨干自交系具有较丰富的遗传多样性.通过UPGMA聚类分析,以遗传相似系数为0.632,可将我国喀斯特高海拔山区玉米种质资源的16个骨干自交系划分为5个类群.     

云南普通野生稻遗传多样性和亲缘关系

野生稻（Oryza rufipogon）是稻属的重要组成部分,具有许多优良性状,是水稻遗传改良的天然基因库。本研究通过对形态学性状的观测,及ISSR和RAPDUPGMA聚类分析,将云南普通野生稻划分为4个类型,即元江类型、景洪紫杆直立型、景洪绿杆直立型和景洪匍匐型。在供试材料中筛选到具有多态性的ISSR和RAPD引物各11个,ISSR引物扩增出多态带113条,多态性条带比率（PPB）为82．26％,RAPD引物共扩增出多态性条带76条,PPB值为76．77％,两种分子标记的分析结果呈极显著正相关（r=0.951）。此外UPGMA聚类结果表明,云南普通野生稻不同类型与其它地区普通野生稻之间的遗传亲缘关系差异明显。