微波辅助提取补阳还五汤多糖的研究

采用单因素实验和正交实验法,进行了微波辐射萃取补阳还五汤多糖的最佳工艺条件研究。探讨了不同微波辐射时间、微波功率及料液比等条件对多糖提取率的影响。结果表明,在微波辐射时间20min,微波功率325W,料液比为1：7,补阳还五汤中多糖的提取率为7．75％。微波辅助萃取大大缩短了提取时间,节省了溶剂,提高了收率。     

微波法从黄连中提取黄连素的工艺研究

为了研究微波法从黄连中提取黄连素的效果,分别考察不同微波功率、原料浸泡时间、料液比(g/mL,下同)、提取次数、微波辐射时间对黄连素提取率的影响。结果微波法从黄连中提取黄连素的最佳工艺条件为:提取功率500W,原料浸泡时间24 h,料液比1∶120,提取次数2次,微波辐射时间3 min,提取率达5.61%,提取效果较好。与硫酸法、石灰法、乙醇浸取法相比,不仅提高了提取速度,并且更加环保。     

微波辅助提取荔枝核黄酮类化合物及其抗氧化性研究

研究微波辅助法提取荔枝核黄酮类化合物的工艺,考察了提取溶剂、微波功率、溶剂用量、辐射时间、提取次数等因素对提取的影响。通过正交实验确定最佳的提取参数为:60%乙醇作为提取溶剂,微波功率700 W,料液比1∶25,辐射时间150 s,提取一次。在此优化条件下用微波辅助,黄酮类化合物的得率为6.86%,提取物中黄酮含量达到36.7%。抗氧化性研究表明荔枝核黄酮类化合物有良好的抗氧化活性,能有效清除羟基自由基(OH.)和超氧阴离子自由基(O2-.)。     

从藤茶中提取二氢杨梅素的微波萃取工艺研究

用正交设计法,以水为溶剂,考察了提取温度、微波辐射时间及料液比3个因素,每个因素3个水平,选择L9（33）正交设计表,用HPLC法测定二氢杨梅素,并以其含量作为评价指标.结果表明,在提取温度为95℃ ,微波辐射时间为15min,料液比为1：20时二氢杨梅素的提取率最高.     

两种方法提取香菇多糖的比较研究

采用正交试验比较研究热水浸提法和微波提取法提取香菇多糖。热水浸提法的最佳工艺为:提取温度70℃、提取时间4h、料液比1∶15,提取率3.243%;微波提取法的最佳工艺为:微波功率560W、微波处理时间60s、料液比1∶10,提取率4.771%。微波提取法效率高、时间短,是理想的香菇多糖提取方法。     

Two Extraction Methods of Lentinan Polysaccharide

采用正交试验比较研究热水浸提法和微波提取法提取香菇多糖.热水浸提法的最佳工艺为:提取温度70℃、提取时间4h、料液比1∶15,提取率3.243 ％;微波提取法的最佳工艺为:微波功率560W、微波处理时间60 s、料液比1∶10,提取率4.771％.微波提取法效率高、时间短,是理想的香菇多糖提取方法.     

微波辅助提取青花椒精油的适宜参数

本文考察了青花椒粉粹粒度对精油提取率及提取时间的影响,结果表明提取前适当粉碎能显著提高精油的提取率,并能大大缩短提取时间;但粉碎太细或放置过程精油很容易挥发导致提取率明显下降。同时考察了微波辅助提取青花椒精油工艺中适宜的提取时间、液料比、微波功率。结果表明,料液比在1∶6~1∶1范围,微波功率100 W~300 W之间时,微波提取时间在2 h内,精油基本提取完毕且得率高于9.0 m L/100 g。     

黄芪多糖超声-微波协同提取研究

本论文采用超声-微波协同提取新工艺,通过单因素实验分别考察提取时间、微波功率、料液比等因素对黄芪多糖提取率及纯度的影响;通过正交实验得出最佳提取工艺参数;通过平行提取实验,与水提法、微波及超声波辅助提取进行比照。得出最佳提取条件为微波功率120 W,提取时间为150 s,料液比1∶25(g/mL)时,黄芪多糖的提取率最高达4.25%,并且证明了超声微波协同提取法的提取效率高于水提法、微波法及超声波法等传统的提取方法。     

高山红景天中有效成分的微波辅助提取

采用微波辅助提取的方法从高山红景天中提取功能性成分红景天苷,研究固液比、微波辐照时间、预浸时间和乙醇浓度四因素对红景天苷提取率的影响.根据回归方程,采用降维方法讨论乙醇浓度对红景天苷提取率的单因子效应,并讨论了乙醇浓度和预浸时间之间的交互作用.结果表明微波功率为130 W,20%(v/v)乙醇作提取溶剂,固液比为1∶29(g/mL),微波辐照时间60 s时,红景天苷的一次提取率达到80%.与传统的乙醇回流法相比,微波1 min提取两次和采用传统乙醇加热回流120 min提取四次的结果相差不大,但传统回流的乙醇消耗量为微波提取的2倍,热耗大.     

响应曲面优化枇杷叶绿原酸超声微波提取工艺

利用响应曲面法对枇杷叶中绿原酸的提取工艺进行优化。以单因素试验为基础,根据Box-Behnken中心组合设计原理,选取乙醇体积分数、料液比、微波功率和微波时间4因素和3水平进行响应曲面分析,建立绿原酸提取率的二次多项数学模型,分析各因素的显著性和交互作用,得到绿原酸提取工艺的最佳条件为:乙醇体积分数70%、料液比1∶15、微波功率400 W、微波时间5 min,绿原酸提取率为5.84%。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.