耐酸性银合欢根瘤菌的选育和研究

银合欢是热带及亚热带木本豆科作物,它生长迅速成材快而且固氮力高,其叶又是极好的饲料及有机肥料。银合欢树枝燃烧能产生大量的热和少量的烟及灰,是很好的烧柴。银合欢还是高级纸浆和纤维工业的原料。银合欢有广泛的用途,因此世界上对银合欢普遍很重视,有人称之为“奇迹树”。银合欢根系上长着大量根瘤,据估计,银合欢每年每亩可提供     

银合欢和苏门答腊金合欢根瘤菌的分离和回接

从银合欢和苏门答腊金合欢的根瘤各分离出三个快生型的根瘤菌,对其形态作了初步的观察。这些根瘤菌可能是同一族的,它们对其寄主植物进行回接和互接均能引起银合欢和苏门答腊金合欢结根瘤,互接形成的根瘤形态与寄主植物的根瘤相同;箭舌豌豆和武宁苕子的根瘤菌不能引起银合欢和苏门答腊金合欢植株结根瘤;分离得到的根瘤菌对银合欢和苏门答腊金合欢均有反馈的增益作用,几个生物学指标均比对照的高;在无菌条件下,全氮培养抑制了根瘤菌对寄主植物结瘤,琼脂固体培养的植株根瘤固氮活性比沙培、水培的高。     

银合欢和“新银合欢”

近年来,在国内一些书刊、树木(苗木)名录上,把Leucaena glauca(Willd.)Benth.称为银合欢;而把L.leucocephala(Lam.)de Wit称作“新银合欢”。把这两个拉丁学名看成是两种植物是不对的,它只是异名与正名的关系,所谓“新银合欢”,实际上就是银合欢。此外,还有中名冠以地名的银合欢,如“萨尔瓦多(新)银合欢”、“菲律宾银合欢”等,也都是银合欢这个种,只不过是类型、品系或来源地不同而已。     

元谋干热河谷苏门答腊金合欢、新银合欢人工林天然更新初步研究

通过样地调查,比较了苏门答腊金合欢、新银合欢的林分结实量、种子散布格局、种子密度及幼苗、幼树数量,并对影响天然更新的因素以及树种的适应性进行了分析;同时,使用灰色关联度法对两树种天然更新状况进行了综合评价.结果表明,相同年龄新银合欢树种的单株结实量为1 199粒/株,苏门答腊金合欢为566粒/株,同一树种单株平均结实量为混交林高于纯林;天然更新的新银合欢林单株结实量介于新银合欢和苏门答腊金合欢之间.随着距母树距离的增加,林地苏门答腊金合欢种子密度减少的幅度较新银合欢小,新银合欢种子的传播距离为90 m、苏门答腊金合欢为110 m.苏门答腊金合欢人工林、新银合欢人工林及天然更新的新银合欢林关联系数分别为0.7269、0.6000和0.6000,苏门答腊金合欢天然更新效果稍好.     

三种速生固氮树木屑栽培猴头菌的研究

以固氨树种银合欢、南洋楹、大叶相思的木屑为主料,添加棉籽壳等辅料培养猴头菌,以栲树木屑为主料作对照。结果表明,以三种固氨树木屑栽培的猴头菌,菌丝粗壮,均匀,日长速快于对照,增长5.4%~16.2%,而且出菇快,朵形大,产量比对照增加6.0~13.9%。添加南洋楹基质的菌丝长速最快,其次为添加银合欢基质。产量则以添加银合欢基质的最高,添加大叶相思的次之。     

元谋干热河谷20年生人工恢复植被生物量分配与空间结构特征

采用分层收获法,对元谋干热河谷20年生赤桉、新银合欢纯林及其混交林的生物量分配与空间结构进行对比研究.结果表明:混交林林分生物量(82.99t·hm-2)介于赤桉纯林(60.64t·hm-2)与新银合欢纯林(127.79t·hm-2)之间;混交林内赤桉单株平均生物量(44.32kg)较其纯林(29.58kg)提高了49.8%.新银合欢纯林的枝叶生物量分配比例(25.4%)显著高于赤桉纯林(8.9%),且地上部生物量分配比例(78.0%)显著高于赤桉纯林(73.4%).新银合欢纯林及混交林中新银合欢的根系主要分布于0～40cm土层,赤桉纯林及混交林中赤桉的根系则主要分布于0～80cm和0～60cm土层.混交林中新银合欢的侧根(中根、小根和细根)分配比例均高于其纯林,而赤桉则相反.新银合欢的引入在一定程度上可促进赤桉生长,尤其是增加其地上部生物量及表层土壤(0～20cm)中的侧根生物量,对该地区的水土保持具有重要意义.     

不同立地条件下银合欢的生长、结瘤固氮及其对改良土壤的作用

在南安、惠安和厦门不同立地条件下种植银合欢,幼苗成活率均较高,但长势差异校大,立地条件中等或较好的地方,特别是水、肥适当的条件,银合欢表现速生高产的特性。银合欢在中性和微酸性或微碱性的上壤条件下,结瘤固氮能力较高,在酸性较强或碱性较高的土壤中,结瘤固氮能力较低。种植银合欢的林地,土壤肥力可以提高,并可减少水土流失。在沿江两岸营造银合欢林,可以起固土护堤作用。     

元谋干热河谷地区新银合欢天然更新的初步调查

通过2005年6和10月对元谋干热河谷地区新银合欢人工林的调查,发现新银合欢林下幼苗数量较多,经过对幼苗刨根后,发现林下的新银合欢幼苗均为种子实生苗,表明新银合欢是通过种子繁殖来完成天然更新。新银合欢单株结实量在602~1513粒,树体高大的结实量多;其林下幼苗生长良好,更新密度最低为368株·m-2,最高达960株·m-2;新银合欢林缘幼苗最远扩散距离为58·3m,幼苗的扩散范围主要集中在距离林缘10m的区域内,种子受风力和流水的影响,可以沿沟谷传播很远。     

气候因子对银合欢共生固氮的影响

本文研究气候因子对银合欢共生固氮的影响。银合欢结瘤固氮有明显的季节性变化,夏秋结瘤多,固氮酶活性高,冬天及早春结瘤少,活性低。银合欢结瘤固氮的适宜温度为25-30℃,低于10℃或高于30℃时活性显著下降,处于0℃或45℃时活性极低,逆境温度处理时间越长活性越低。温度相近的条件下,土壤湿度对银合欢结瘤固氮的影响尤其突出,水分过多或干旱都严重影响结瘤固氮。遮光条件下银合欢根瘤固氮酶活性显著降低,晴天取样的根瘤固氮酶活性比阴天的高。银合欢根瘤固氮酶活性在一天中出现两个峰,第一个峰在11时,第二个峰在17-20时。离体根瘤的固氮酶活性随离体时间的延长而降低,表明植株光合作用产物对根瘤的供应及其在根瘤中的贮备对固氮酶活性有显著影响。     

银合欢叶作氮源栽培食用菌研究

以银合欢叶作氮源全部或部分取代基质中米糠或麸皮,栽培毛木耳、凤尾菇、金针菇、黑木耳、香菇和佛罗里达侧耳6种食用菌。结果表明,银合欢叶能促进菌丝生长。栽培中发现,含10%银合欢叶和17%麸皮的基质能使金针菇获得增产,而含10%或20%银合欢叶的基质可使其它5种食用菌产量提高11.4%~39.1%。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

Synthesis and antimicrobial studies of hydrazone derivatives of 4-[3-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-4-formyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl]benzoic acid and 4-[3-(3,4-difluorophenyl)-4-formyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl]benzoic acid

Microbial resistance to antibiotics is an unresolved global concern, which needs urgent and coordinated action. One of the guidelines of the Centers for Disease Control and Preventions (CDC) to combat antibiotic resistance is the development of new antibiotics to treat drug-resistant bacteria. In our effort to find new antibiotics, we report the synthesis and antimicrobial studies of 30 new pyrazole derivatives. These novel molecules have been synthesized by using readily available starting materials and benign reaction conditions. Some of these molecules have shown activity with MIC values as low as 0.78?µg/mL against four bacterial strains; Staphylococcus aureus, methicillin-resistant S. aureus, Bacillus subtilis, and Acinetobacter baumannii. Furthermore, active molecules are non-toxic to mammalian cell line.

     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Novel compounds with potent CDK9 inhibitory activity for the treatment of myeloma

Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) and Polo-like kinases (PLKs) play key role in the regulation of the cell cycle. The aim of our study was originally the further development of our recently discovered polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1) inhibitors. A series of new 2,4-disubstituted pyrimidine derivatives were synthesized around the original hit, but their PLK1 inhibitory activity was very poor. However the novel compounds showed nanomolar CDK9 inhibitory activity and very good antiproliferative effect on multiple myeloma cell lines (RPMI-8226).