BML-111 对糖尿病大鼠心肌炎症反应及细胞凋亡的影响

目的:探讨BML-111治疗对糖尿病大鼠心肌细胞凋亡及炎症反应的影响。方法:33只雄性Wistar大鼠随机分为对照(Control)组、糖尿病(DM)组和BML-111组,每组各11只。Control组喂以普通饲料,而其它两组大鼠喂以高糖高脂饲料。饲养6周后,DM组及BML-111组大鼠分别腹腔注射链尿佐菌素30 mg/kg,并于1周后建立糖尿病模型。模型制备完成后12周,BML-111组大鼠每日腹腔注射BML-111 0.5 mg/kg,其它两组大鼠腹腔注射相同容量生理盐水。12周后,测定体重、甘油三酯(TC)、总胆固醇(TG)水平、空腹血糖,采用TUNEL法测定心肌细胞凋亡指数(AI),Western blot法测定IL-6、TNF-α蛋白表达水平,并使用试剂盒测定心肌SOD活性和MDA含量。结果:与Control组比较,DM组大鼠体重显著下降,TC、TG、空腹血糖水平明显升高(P0.05);与DM组比较,BML-111组大鼠体重增加,甘油三酯、总胆固醇、空腹血糖水平下降(P0.05)。与Control组比较,DM组大鼠心肌凋亡指数显著增加(P0.05);而与DM组比较,BML-111组大鼠心肌凋亡指数显著降低(P0.05)。与Control组比较,DM组大鼠心肌IL-6、TNF-α、p-NF-κB、p-p38MAPK蛋白表达水平及MDA含量明显增高(P0.05),而SOD活性降低(P0.05);与DM组比较,BML-111组大鼠心肌IL-6、TNF-α、p-NF-κB、p-p38MAPK蛋白表达水平及MDA含量较低(P0.05),而SOD活性增加(P0.05)。结论:BML-111可减轻糖尿病大鼠心肌炎症反应及细胞凋亡。     

COPD大鼠肺组织中小窝蛋白-1 的表达及其与气道重塑的关系

目的:探讨小窝蛋白-1(Caveolin-1)在COPD大鼠肺组织中的表达及其与气道重塑的关系。方法:采用10周龄Wister大鼠20只,随机分为对照组与实验组,每组10只,对照组常规饲养,实验组采用烟熏法+内毒素法建立COPD模型。第91天处死全部大鼠,测定肺功能后取肺组织,采用免疫组织化学法检测Caveolin-1的表达;酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)检测各组大鼠肺组织匀浆中白细胞介素-8(IL-8)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、转化生长因子-β1(TGF-β1)的含量;分析Caveolin-1的表达与IL-8、TNF-α、TGF-β表达的相关性。结果:与对照组比较,实验组大鼠的肺顺应性明显下降,肺弹性阻力及气道阻力显著升高,肺组织TNF-α、IL-8、TGF-β1的含量明显升高,Caveolin-1的表达明显降低,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。大鼠肺组织中Caveolin-1的表达与IL-8、TNF-α、TGF-β1含量呈显著负相关(P0.05)。结论:Caveolin-1在COPD大鼠肺组织中的表达明显降低,可能通过促进炎性细胞因子的释放与气道重塑参与COPD的发生和发展。     

核转录因子NF-E2相关因子2信号通路在PM_(2.5)致雌性大鼠生殖损伤中的作用

目的研究核转录因子NF-E2相关因子2(NF-E2 related factor 2, Nrf-2)信号通路在PM_(2.5)雌性生殖损伤中的作用。方法 30只雌性SD大鼠随机分为生理盐水对照组、1.5 mg/kg PM_(2.5)低剂量组和37.5 mg/kg PM_(2.5)高剂量组,连续暴露染毒10 d。ELISA试剂盒检测子宫中肿瘤坏死因子-α(tumor necrosis factor-α, TNF-α)、白介素-1β(interleukin 1 beta, IL-1β)和白介素-6(interleukin-6, IL-6)含量。荧光定量PCR (qPCR)检测子宫组织Nrf-2和血红素加氧酶-1(heme oxygenase-1, HO-1)mRNA表达水平。Western blot检测子宫组织Nrf-2和HO-1蛋白表达水平。结果低剂量组和高剂量组子宫TNF-α、IL-1β和IL-6含量均明显高于对照组(P0.05);与低剂量组相比,高剂量组子宫TNF-α、IL-1β和IL-6含量明显升高,差异有显著性(P0.05);且子宫组织炎性因子含量与PM_(2.5)暴露量正相关,随着PM_(2.5)暴露浓度的升高,TNF-a、IL-1β和IL-6含量不断升高(r=0.870、0.847和0.855)。荧光定量PCR和western blot检测结果显示,低剂量组和高剂量组子宫组织中Nrf-2和HO-1的mRAN表达水平和蛋白表达水平均明显高于对照组,差异有显著性(P0.05)。结论雌鼠暴露PM_(2.5)后,Nrf-2信号通路被激活,但PM_(2.5)依然能诱发子宫炎症反应,造成子宫组织损伤。     

桔梗皂苷对慢性支气管炎小鼠肺细胞中的IL-1β和TNF-α表达的影响

探讨炎性细胞因子在慢性支气管炎小鼠肺细胞中的表达及桔梗皂苷(kikyosaponin,KS)治疗慢性支气管炎的作用机制。将50只健康小鼠分成正常对照组、模型组和桔梗皂苷低、中、高剂量组,除正常对照组外,其余四组动物均采用烟熏加浓氨水吸入法建立慢性支气管炎模型,然后分别用药物进行治疗。实验结束后,取各组小鼠肺组织进行石蜡制片,HE染色光镜观察支气管和肺组织病理形态的变化;免疫组化分析肺细胞中IL-1β和TNF-α的表达。Western blot检测肺组织中IL-1β和TNF-α的表达。免疫组化检测显示,与正常对照组相比,模型组小鼠肺组织细胞中IL-1β和TNF-α的表达非常显著。在连续用药30天后,与模型组相比,各治疗组小鼠肺组织细胞中IL-1β和TNF-α的表达显著降低(P<0.05,P<0.01)。蛋白印迹术检测显示,模型组小鼠肺组织细胞中IL-1β和TNF-α的表达水平明显增加,与正常对照组比较,差异十分显著(P<0.01)。而连续用药30天后,各治疗组小鼠肺组织细胞中IL-1β和TNF-α的表达量明显下降,且呈较好的量效关系。结果表明,桔梗皂苷对慢性支气管炎小鼠肺组织中炎性细胞因子IL-1β和TNF-α的表达有明显的抑制作用。推测其作用机制可能是通过抑制肺组织中炎性细胞因子和自由基的生成而达到抗炎、止咳平喘作用的。     

柚皮苷对骨关节炎软骨破坏的保护作用研究

目的:考察柚皮苷对骨关节炎软骨破坏的保护作用。方法:将60只7周龄雄性SD大鼠随机分为假手术组、模型组和柚皮苷组,每组20只。模型组和柚皮苷组大鼠通过切断右膝关节的前交叉韧带建立骨关节炎模型,建模后,柚皮苷组大鼠每天灌胃200mg/kg的柚皮苷溶液,共灌胃4周。通过番红O/固绿染色和OARSI评分评估大鼠的关节软骨损伤程度。通过免疫组织化学染色检测软骨组织中p-IκBα和NLRP3的表达。通过用IL-1β体外诱导SW1353细胞来模拟骨关节炎软骨细胞的病理微环境,并分别应用NF-κB抑制剂(PDTC)或NLRP3抑制剂(CY-09)处理SW1353细胞。通过RT-PCR和Western blot检测细胞中NF-κB、NLRP3、caspase-1、IL-6、IL-10、IL-18、MMP13和ADAMTS-5的表达。通过Annexin V-FITC/PI法检测细胞凋亡。结果:与模型组相比,柚皮苷组的OARSI评分显著降低(2.63 vs 0.94,P0.05)。柚皮苷组的p-IκBα和NLRP3蛋白表达水平显著低于模型组(P0.05)。与IL-1β组相比,IL-1β+柚皮苷组的SW1353细胞中NF-κB、NLRP3、caspase-1、IL-6、IL-18、MMP13和ADAMTS-5的表达水平均显著降低,而IL-10显著升高(P0.05)。PDTC和CY-09对NF-κB和NLRP3信号通路相关分子的调控作用与柚皮苷一致。与IL-1β组相比,IL-1β+柚皮苷组、IL-1β+PDTC组和IL-1β+CY-09组的细胞凋亡率均显著降低(P0.05)。结论:柚皮苷可在体内和体外抑制骨关节炎的进展,柚皮苷对骨关节炎的治疗作用部分依赖于对NF-κB和NLRP3信号通路的抑制。     

NLRP3炎症小体表达与慢性阻塞性肺疾病合并肺癌的相关性研究

目的:分析核苷酸结合寡聚化结构域样受体蛋白3(NLRP3)炎症小体表达与慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)合并肺癌的相关性。方法:选取2015年1月-2018年2月我院收治的COPD合并肺癌患者62例作为实验组及同期88例COPD患者作为对照组。酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)检测两组患者外周血IL-1β、IL-18浓度,免疫组化法检测两组患者术后肺病理组织中Caspase-1、ASC、NLRP3、IL-1β、IL-18蛋白相对表达量,并比较不同病理特征下患者术后肺病理组织中NLRP3、ASC、Caspase-1、IL-1β、IL-18蛋白相对表达量的差异,并分析其与COPD合并肺癌的相关性。结果:实验组患者外周血IL-1β、IL-18水平均明显高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);实验组患者术后肺病理组织中NLRP3、ASC、Caspase-1、IL-1β、IL-18蛋白相对表达量均明显高于对照组,差异均具有统计学意义(P0.05);中低分化、临床分期Ⅲ期、淋巴结有转移的急性加重期COPD合并肺癌患者术后肺病理组织中NLRP3、ASC、Caspase-1、IL-1β、IL-18蛋白相对表达量高于高分化、临床分期Ⅰ-Ⅱ期、淋巴结无转移的稳定期COPD合并肺癌患者,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。经Spearman秩相关性分析发现,患者术后肺病理组织中NLRP3、ASC、Caspase-1、IL-1β、IL-18蛋白相对表达量与COPD合并肺癌患者病情严重程度、淋巴结转移情况、分化程度以及病情所处时期均呈正相关(r0,P0.05)。结论:NLRP3炎症小体通路可能参与了COPD合并肺癌的发展过程,其释放的细胞因子IL-1β、IL-18水平升高可能与患者持续炎症有关,并进一步导致机体免疫病理损伤,促进疾病进展。     

温肾固疏方对PMOP大鼠骨密度及细胞因子表达的影响

通过观察温肾固疏方对去卵巢骨质疏松(PMOP)大鼠的骨密度及对白细胞介素-1β、肿瘤坏死因子-α、白细胞介素-6的血清含量和转化生长因子-β骨组织表达的影响,探讨其治疗骨质疏松的可能作用机制。将48只SPF级雌性SD大鼠分为6组:假手术组、模型组、雌激素组、温肾固疏方高、中、低剂量组。造模4周后开始给药,连续给药12周,酶联免疫法(ELISA)检测外周血清白细胞介素-1β(IL-1β)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)含量;q RT-PCR法检测骨组织转化生长因子-β(TGF-β)m RNA含量。与假手术组相比较,去势模型组大鼠骨密度(BMD)、TGF-β mRNA显著降低(p0.05),而IL-1β、TNF-α、IL-6均显著升高(p0.01),符合绝经后骨质疏松症改变;干预治疗后,与模型组比较,温肾固疏方高、中剂量组椎骨BMD显著升高(p0.05),IL-1β、TNF-α、IL-6显著减少(p0.05),温肾固疏方高剂量组TGF-β mRNA显著增加(p0.05)。温肾固疏方治疗骨质疏松的作用机制可能与其下调IL-1β、TNF-α、IL-6等促炎细胞因子的表达,抑制骨吸收;同时上调TGF-β等抑炎细胞因子的表达,促进骨形成有关。     

橄榄苦苷对大鼠心肌缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用

为了探讨橄榄苦苷联合合心爽对大鼠心肌缺血再灌注损伤的影响及其保护作用机制,将50只健康大鼠分成假手术组、模型组、橄榄苦苷组、合心爽组、橄榄苦苷+合心爽组。经结扎冠脉左前降支制备心肌缺血再灌注大鼠模型,造模后药物处理7 d,用放射免疫法检测心肌肿瘤坏死因子α(tumor necrosis factor-α,TNF-α)、白细胞介素1(interleukin-1β,IL-1β)、白细胞介素10(interleukin-10,IL-10)含量,用比色法检测心肌超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase,SOD)、过氧化氢酶(catalase,CAT)活性及丙二醛(malondialdehyde,MDA)含量,用Western blot法检测心肌内皮素-1(ednothelin-1,ET-1)的表达。结果显示与假手术组相比,模型组心肌TNF-α、IL-1β、MDA的含量显著升高(P0.01),IL-10、SOD、CAT水平均显著降低(P0.01),心肌ET-1表达水平显著升高(P0.01)。与模型组比较,经橄榄苦苷或合心爽治疗后,心肌TNF-α、IL-1β、MDA的含量显著降低(P0.05,P0.01),IL-10、SOD、CAT水平均显著升高(P0.05,P0.01),心肌ET-1表达水平显著降低(P0.05,P0.01)。橄榄苦苷和合心爽联合治疗后心肌缺血再灌注损伤的恢复更加显著。通过本研究可以看出橄榄苦苷和合心爽对小鼠心肌缺血再灌注损伤具有明显的保护作用,其机制可能与降低心肌内皮素-1表达、改善抗氧化酶活性和抑制炎症因子水平有关。     

房颤不同时期结构重构的血清学变化

目的:探讨转化生长因子-β1(TGF-β1)、基质金属蛋白酶-9(MMP-9)、金属蛋白酶组织抑制因子-1(TIMP-1)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白介素-6(IL-6)、白介素-10(IL-10)与阵发性或持续性房颤结构重构的关系。方法:入选患者分为3组,其中持续性房颤组30例、阵发性房颤组45例,以及32例阵发性室上速(包括预激综合征)作为对照组,通过ELISA方法检测上述患者左房血清的TGF-β1、MMP-9、TIMP-1、TNF-α、IL-6、IL-10水平,超声测量左心房长径。分析上述细胞因子水平与阵发性房颤或持续性房颤的关系。结果:阵发性房颤组与对照组相比,左房内径增大、TGF-β1、TNF-α升高(P0.05),IL-10、TIMP-1降低(P0.05),MMP-9无统计学差异。持续性房颤组与对照组相比,TGF-β1无统计学差异(P0.05),MMP-9、TNF-α、IL-6均升高(P0.05),IL-10、TIMP-1降低(P0.05);阵发性房颤组TGF-β1高于持续性房颤组(P0.05),持续性房颤组左房内径及MMP-9高于阵发性房颤组(P0.05)。结论:阵发性房颤患者左房扩大,已出现结构重构,结构重构的血清学变化以TGF-β1升高为主;持续性房颤患者结构重构血清学变化以MMP-9、IL-6升高为主。     

马齿苋水提物对溃疡性结肠炎保护作用的实验研究

目的:探讨马齿苋水提物对溃疡性结肠炎(Ulcerative colitis,UC)的保护作用。方法:利用葡聚糖硫酸钠(Dextran sulfate sodium,DSS)诱导C57BL/6复制UC模型,将小鼠随机分为6组,分别为正常组,DSS模型组,SASP对照组,马齿苋低、中、高剂量组(100,200 mg/kg和400 mg/kg),每天ig给药1次,记录小鼠体重并统计疾病活动指数(Disease activity index,DAI)评分,连续7天。于第8天,测定结肠长度,测定MDA、SOD以及NO含量,观察结肠病理学形态变化,并测定IL-6,IL-1β与TNF-αm RNA的表达。结果:模型组与正常组比较,小鼠体重,结肠长度及SOD有显著降低(P0.05),而DAI评分,MDA、NO含量以及TNF-α,IL-6与IL-1βm RNA的表达有明显升高(P0.05)。而马齿苋水提物中、高组与模型组比较,小鼠的体重,结肠长度以及SOD含量均有显著性提高(P0.05),结肠组织病理损伤有所改善,DAI评分MDA、NO含量以及TNF-α,IL-6与IL-1βm RNA的表达均有明显降低(P0.05)。结论:马齿苋水提物对UC具有保护作用,可能与改变SOD、NO与MDA而抑制氧化应激反应及下调TNF-α,IL-6与IL-1β等细胞因子m RNA的表达而降低炎症反应有关。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.