温度对美洲斑潜蝇发育、存活和繁殖的影响

在恒温１５,２０,２５,３０和３５℃下,对美洲斑潜蝇在菜豆上的发育和繁殖做了研究。结果表明,在１５￣３５℃范围内,未成熟期各虫态（卵、幼虫和蛹）的发育历期随温度的升高而缩短,发育速率呈逻辑斯蒂曲线变化;卵期孵化率在２５℃中最高;各温度下幼虫期存活率最高,低温１５℃和高温３５℃对蛹的存活有显示抑制作用,１５℃时蛹的死亡率达３９．６％。成虫寿命一般在２０ｄ以内,与温度呈直线负相关;繁殖力最高可达２８１     

热预处理菠菜叶绿体的能量转换特征

经热预处理（湿度为２５－４５℃,部分实验为２０－３６℃,时间为５－１０min)的菠菜（Ｓpinacia oleracea L.)叶绿体。严重影响其能量转换的各步反应。（１）循环光合磷酸化速率随处理温度而下降。（２）类囊体膜上腺三磷酶失活。（３）光照诱导叶绿体的质子吸收减小;叶绿体的９－氨基吖啶（９－ＡＡ）荧光猝灭减弱,但加二环己基磷二亚胺（ＤＣ－ＣＤ）可以部分恢复９－ＡＡ荧光猝死。（４）叶绿体的延迟发光和△Ａ５１５nm电色效应均出现明显变化。（５）免疫印迹反应结果表明,经４５℃预处理叶绿体的膜上腺三磷酶出现解离,其α亚单位的蛋白量明显减少。（６）预处理温度超过３３℃,叶绿体光系统Ⅰ介导的氧吸收速率也下降,在反应介质中加芥子碱可以部分恢复其氧吸收能力,就这些结果与膜透性变化、耦联因子复合物解离和自由基积累的关系进行了讨论。     

冬小麦根表面氧化还原活力的研究

证实了两个不同品种的冬小麦根系表面存在着氧化ＮＡＤＨ和还原Ｋ３Ｆｅ（ＣＮ）６的氧化的活力。还原铁氰化物活力在ＰＨ５．５到８．５范围内随着ＰＨ值升高而增大,温度在１５℃到４５℃范围内随温度升高还原活力增强,４５℃达最高值,５５℃时活力急剧下降。     

中华鳖幼鳖的空气呼吸静止代谢率,气体交换比及其与温度的关系

本文观测了２３、２５、２８、３０、３３、３５℃下体重２０－６０ｇ中华鳖幼鳖陆上呼吸时的静止代谢率Ｖ〔ｍｌＯ２／（ｋｇ·ｈ）〕和呼吸气体交换比ＲＥ,探讨了二者与温度Ｔ（℃）的关系。幼鳖在空气中的静止代谢率随温度升高而增加,其相关关系可用下式表示：Ｖ＝８．２２１７×１０＾－．０４５９Ｔ,Ｒ＾２＝０．９８。Ｑ１０在实验温度范围内并不是固定不变的,但２３￣３０℃之间Ｑ１０约为２．５,而在３０￣３５℃之间则     

湿度和温度对酰化紫膜LB膜M衰减的影响

用闪光动力学光谱仪测量了酰化紫膜ＬＢ膜中Ｍ衰减速率的变化。酰化紫膜ＬＢ膜的衰减无论是悬浮液状态,还是ＬＢ膜中,均比未修饰的要慢。在温度为２０℃时,酰化紫膜ＬＢ随着相对湿度的增加,Ｍ衰减加快。在相对湿度较低时（ＲＨ３４—７５％）,变化较平缓,即Ｍ的衰减加快不明显;在相对湿度较高时（ＲＨ８４—９５％）,Ｍ衰减明显加快。温度的变化则随相对湿度不同而不同。相对湿度较低时,随着温度的升高,Ｍ衰减加快;相对湿度较高时,Ｍ衰减反而减慢。酰化紫膜悬浮液的Ｍ衰减随着温度的升高而明显加快．这说明酰化紫膜ＬＢ膜中ＢＲ水合程度可能是直接影响Ｍ衰减的因素之一。     

植被指数的抗大气影响探讨

提出一个应用方便的标准化差值植被指数（ＮＤＶＩ）的大气纠正方法。在大气阻抗植被指数（ＡＲＶＩ）的基础上,运用大气下向光谱的同步实例值以及大气辐射传输方程,得到纠正ＮＤＶＩ的关键参数γ↑。改进了ＡＲＶＩ的γ↑始终等于１ 的计算方法。同时也不必采用５ｓ模型进行预处理。所得新的抗大气影响植被指数（ＩＡＶＩ）为：ρｎｉｒ－ 〔ρｒ－ γ↑（ρｂ－ ρｒ）〕ρｎｉｒ＋ 〔ρｒ＋ γ↑（ρｂ－ ρｒ）〕。式中的γ↑值的变化范围可从０．６５ 到１．２１ 之间。对于混浊大气γ↑值随观测角变化更大。还提供了一组根据气象资料计算γ↑值的近似公式。根据应用表明ＩＡＶＩ比ＮＤＶＩ有明显的抗大气影响效果     

能化时线粒体内膜脂双分子层结构多相动态

本文报道了鼠肝线粒体内膜体,在琥珀酸氧化或ＡＴＰ水解建立跨膜质子电化学梯度时,膜脂双分子层中ＤＰＨ荧光偏振值出现多个时相动态;ｒ值先迅速下降,再缓慢上升,最终达到高于能化前的ｒ值的恒稳态,表明能化时线粒体内膜脂双分子层有序性在经历短暂下降后,逐渐增大,最终达到更大的结构有序性。在相同时程内呼吸链细胞色素类也经历了相应的多相变化,本文讨论了这两者相关的可能机制,并为呼吸链电子传递机制的动态聚集模型提     

变温过程中大鼠心肌等长收缩发展张力呈双相变化

本实验旨在探明变温过程对心肌的影响,以及可能的内在机理。采用阶梯方式降、复温,测定３０℃、２５℃、２０℃、１５℃与１０℃条件下,大鼠乳头肌等长收缩的各参数值的变化。结果表明：在降温过程中,心肌发展张力（ＤＴ）呈双相变化,即从３０℃降温到２５℃,ＤＴ增大,而后ＤＴ逐渐下降;温度降到２０℃时,静息张力（ＲＴ）保持不变,而降至１５℃以后ＲＴ明显上升。乳头肌等长收缩的时间参数如ＴＰＰ、ＴＰＮ、ＴＰＴ、Ｔ１／２Ｒ均随温度的降低而逐渐延长。在复温过程中,与降温过程中相同温度点相比,２０℃、２５℃、３０℃点发展张力明显降低,而１５℃、２０℃、２５℃点静息张力显著增高。这提示在降温过程中,心肌细胞肌钙蛋白Ｃ对Ｃａ２＋敏感性可能呈现双相变化,且低温造成的心肌细胞内游离Ｃａ２＋浓度增高,可能引起心肌细胞损伤。因而,心冷停搏液保护心肌功能的关键环节,应是如何防止在降温过程中心肌细胞内游离Ｃａ２＋浓度一过性增高。     

实验性肾功能衰竭大鼠血浆中分子物质总量和自由基的变化研究

用腺嘌呤复制动物性慢性肾功能衰竭（ＣＲＦ）模型。观察大鼠血浆血尿素氮（ＢｕＮ）、血肌酐（Ｃｒ）、血红蛋白（Ｈｂ）、超氧化物歧化酶（ＳＯＤ）和中分子物质（ＭＭＳ）总量的变化。结果表明,ＣＲＦ大鼠血浆ＢｕＮ、Ｃｒ和ＭＭＳ总量明显升高（Ｐ〈０．０１）、Ｈｂ和ＳＯＤ含量显著降低（Ｐ〈０．０１）。提示ＣＲＦ大鼠ＭＭＳ总量升高、ＳＯＤ活性降低。     

温度对美洲斑潜蝇发育,存活和繁殖的影响

探讨了在光照周期为１４Ｌ１０Ｄ、Ｒ．Ｈ．为７０ ％ ±５ ％ 的恒温（１２ ～３５ ℃） 条件下美洲斑潜蝇的发育、繁殖和存活,求得美洲斑潜蝇世代的发育起点温度与有效积温分别为８ ．７７ ℃和２９５ ．６９ 日度,给出了温度与各虫态发育速率间的函数关系．２０ ～２７ ．５ ℃时存活率较高,死亡主要发生在蛹期,３５ ℃下蛹不能羽化．成虫寿命随温度的升高而缩短; 种群增长指数于２７ ．５ ℃时达到最高．     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

Synthesis and antimicrobial studies of hydrazone derivatives of 4-[3-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-4-formyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl]benzoic acid and 4-[3-(3,4-difluorophenyl)-4-formyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl]benzoic acid

Microbial resistance to antibiotics is an unresolved global concern, which needs urgent and coordinated action. One of the guidelines of the Centers for Disease Control and Preventions (CDC) to combat antibiotic resistance is the development of new antibiotics to treat drug-resistant bacteria. In our effort to find new antibiotics, we report the synthesis and antimicrobial studies of 30 new pyrazole derivatives. These novel molecules have been synthesized by using readily available starting materials and benign reaction conditions. Some of these molecules have shown activity with MIC values as low as 0.78?µg/mL against four bacterial strains; Staphylococcus aureus, methicillin-resistant S. aureus, Bacillus subtilis, and Acinetobacter baumannii. Furthermore, active molecules are non-toxic to mammalian cell line.

     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Novel compounds with potent CDK9 inhibitory activity for the treatment of myeloma

Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) and Polo-like kinases (PLKs) play key role in the regulation of the cell cycle. The aim of our study was originally the further development of our recently discovered polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1) inhibitors. A series of new 2,4-disubstituted pyrimidine derivatives were synthesized around the original hit, but their PLK1 inhibitory activity was very poor. However the novel compounds showed nanomolar CDK9 inhibitory activity and very good antiproliferative effect on multiple myeloma cell lines (RPMI-8226).