纽蛋白在原代培养脊髓神经元的分布及其与神经元形态的相关性

目的　用免疫组织化学及形态学等方法对原代培养大鼠脊髓神经元的形态及其纽蛋白 (vinculin)分布进行研究。方法　实验采用原代培养的大鼠脊髓神经元 ,用细胞松弛素 D(cytochalasin D) -丝状肌动蛋白解聚剂处理细胞后 ,用相差显微镜观察细胞形态 ,同时用单克隆抗体免疫组化方法显示细胞内纽蛋白的分布。结果　原代培养的脊髓神经元可见 2～4个细长的突起 ;免疫组织化学方法显示纽蛋白在神经元的胞体及突起均有分布。细胞松弛素 D处理细胞后 ,神经元胞体变大 ,轮廊不清 ,突起增多 ,变短、变粗 ,多分支且分支末端膨大 ;免疫组织化学方法显示纽蛋白在核周的分布明显增加 ,而在突起内的分布则变得不连续 ,呈散在点状。结论　丝状肌动蛋白 (filem ental- actin,F- actin)的完整性对维持神经元的正常形态是必需的 ;神经元形态的变化与纽蛋白分布的变化相关     

纽蛋白在原代培养脊髓神经元的分布及其在神经元形态的相关性

目的：用免疫组织化学及形态学等方法对原代培养大鼠脊神经元的形态及其纽蛋白（vinculin)分布进行研究。方法：实验采用原代培养的大鼠脊髓神经元,用细胞松驰素D（cytochalasinD)－丝状肌动蛋白解剖处理细胞后,用相差显微镜观察细胞形态,同时用单克隆抗体免疫组化方法显示细胞内纽蛋白的分布,结果：原代培养的脊髓神经元可见2－4个细长的突起,免疫组织化学方法显示纽蛋白姑神经元的胞体及突起均有分布,细胞松驰素D处理细胞后,神经元胞体变大,轮廓不清,突起增多,变矩,变粗,多分支且分支末端膨大,免疫组织化学方法显示纽蛋白在核周的人布明显增加,而且在突起内的分布则变得不连续,呈散在点状。结论：丝状肌动蛋白（filemental-actin,F-actin）的完整性对维持神经元的正常形态是必需的,神经元形态的变化与纽蛋白分布的变化相关。     

神经干细胞定向分化过程中溶酶体表达变化的研究

目的对神经干细胞向神经元定向分化过程中溶酶体的表达变化进行观察研究。方法采用细胞培养技术、荧光免疫细胞化学技术以及光电镜酶细胞化学技术对神经干细胞向神经元定向分化过程中溶酶体的表达变化进行观察。结果在神经干细胞向神经元定向分化的过程中,随着细胞分化的不断成熟,溶酶体的表达亦发生着变化。分化初期主要以核周附近表达明显,至神经元分化成熟则散在分布于胞质中及突起内,且表现有圆形、线状两种形态。结论在神经干细胞向神经元定向分化过程中溶酶体发生表达分布的变化,说明其参与了细胞的代谢和细胞内物质的运输。     

线状溶酶体的电镜细胞化学观察

用电镜酸性磷酸酶(acid phosphatase ACPase)细胞化学方法,在半薄切片上(厚1.5～2.0μm)观察到小鼠肝细胞、胰腺外分泌细胞、小肠上皮细胞内含有ACPase反应阳性的线状溶酶体(nematolysosome),脾脏的淋巴细胞和胸腺细胞中类似的结构则没有观察到。本文描述了线状溶酶体的形态、分布等特点。     

脊髓培养神经元中微管相关蛋白-5的分布及可塑性

用新生 Wistar大鼠进行脊髓神经元培养 ,研究微管相关蛋白 - 5与其单克隆抗体结合后的分布情况。使用微管解聚药 nocodazole处理神经元 ,应用免疫组织化学染色来观察微管相关蛋白 - 5的改变。另一组神经元使用 nocodazole处理后再用 PMA处理 ,观察微管相关蛋白 - 5及神经元的改变。结果表明 ,微管相关蛋白 - 5在胞浆及突起中均有分布 ,并随着培养天数的递增而递减。使用 nocodazole后神经元中微管相关蛋白 - 5的分布及数量明显减少。PMA处理神经元后尽管使微管相关蛋白 - 5的正常结构被破坏 ,而神经元的伸展却不受影响     

脊髓神经元中微管相关蛋白—5的分布及可塑性

用新生Wistar大鼠进行脊髓神经元培养,研究微管相关蛋白-5与其单克隆抗体结合后的分布情况,使用微管解聚药nocodazole处理神经元,应用免疫组织化学染色来观察微管相关蛋白-5的改变,另一组神经元使用nocodazole处理后再用PMA处理,观察微管相关蛋白-5及神经元的改变。结果表明,微管相关蛋白-5在胞浆及突起中均有分布,并随着培养天数的递增而递减。使用nocodazole后神经元中微管相关蛋白-5的分布及数量明显减少。PMA处理神经元后尽管使微管相关蛋白-5的正常结构被破坏,而神经元的伸展却不受影响。     

铈代替铅电镜酶组织化学显示培养脊神经节神经元TMP活性

目的探讨铈法显示脊神经节神经元初代培养细胞的TMP(三偏磷酸酶)活性。方法应用电镜酶组化技术,以铈作为捕捉剂代替常规以铅作为捕捉剂来检测观察脊神经节初代培养的神经元内溶酶体的TMP活性。结果脊神经节神经元初代培养细胞内存在TMP阳性的溶酶体,其TMP阳性反应颗粒较常规以铅作为捕捉剂来显示溶酶体不仅孵育液充分溶解呈清亮透明,电镜下反应产物颗粒也微细均匀,而且避免了反应产物的扩散及非特异性沉淀。结论以铈作为捕捉剂来检测溶酶体的TMP活性用于电镜下观察,其方法稳定、易行,是一种能很好显示溶酶体标记酶的电镜酶组化技术方法。     

中国组织化学与细胞化学杂志第11卷(2002年)第1期-第4期总目次

周围神经 43ｋＤ蛋白免疫化学研究顾晓松等 (1)…………纽蛋白在原代培养脊髓神经元的分布及其与神经元形态的相关性荣　明等 (4)……………………马桑内酯慢性致痛大鼠海马星形胶质细胞的激活赵珠峰 (8)………………………………………………ｃ ｅｒｂＢ 2单克隆抗体Ａ18在乳腺癌中表达特性的研究吴　强等 (14)……………………………细胞间粘附分子 1在人皮肤血管瘤的表达伍静文等 (2 0 )…………………………………………慢性捆绑紧张致大鼠记忆受损及海马神经元ＮＯＳ和Ｔａｕ5的变化———组织化学与免疫组织化学研究李宏莲等 (2 4)……     

低温保存许旺细胞对周围神经再生的作用

目的：比较原代培养许旺细胞（Schwann cells,SCs)和冷冻保存的SCs移植对损伤后坐骨神经再生的作用。方法：原代培养和液氮保存的SCs分别移植到桥接缺损坐骨神经的硅胶管内。在移植后不同时间（第6和8周末）,硅胶管远端神经干内注射HRP,逆行追踪背根神经节和脊髓前角的标记神经元数量;测量再生神经纤维的复合动作电位传导速度;电镜观察再生神经纤维的髓鞘形成。结果：原代培养和冷冻保存SCs在移植后不同时间其背根神经节和脊髓前角神经元HRP标记细胞数量、再生神经纤维的复合动作电位传导速度基本一致,再生神经纤维髓鞘的形成未见明显差别。结论：冷冻保存的SCs仍具有促进损伤后周围神经再生的能力。     

小鼠小脑颗粒神经元的原代培养与鉴定

本研究通过体外分离培养及鉴定原代小鼠小脑颗粒神经元(cerebellar granule neurons,CGNs),为神经科学研究提供原代神经元细胞模型。取生后第7天的ICR乳鼠小脑,在解剖体视镜下剥离脑膜及血管,经刀片切碎、0.25%胰酶消化、移液器吹打、70μm尼龙滤网制备单细胞悬液,差速贴壁后接种于新鲜配置的培养基。倒置相差显微镜观察不同时间CGNs的形态变化。采用神经元的标记蛋白微管相关蛋白-2(microtubule associated protein 2,MAP2),星形胶质细胞的标记蛋白胶质纤维酸性蛋白(glial fibrillary acidic protein,GFAP),小胶质细胞的标记蛋白(type 3 complement receptor,CR3/CD11b)进行免疫荧光检测培养的原代CGNs纯度。原代培养CGNs接种20 min后即贴壁良好,培养24 h后细胞伸出突起,培养第7天神经元成熟,形成丰富的轴突,树突和胞间突触连接。经免疫荧光鉴定,CGNs纯度可达95%以上。成功体外分离培养出高纯度的原代CGNs,可应用于CGNs的体外研究。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.