人凋亡相关基因TFAR19缺失突变体的原核表达、产物纯化及鉴定

构建TF 1细胞凋亡相关基因 19(TF 1cellapoptosisrelatedgene 19,TFAR19)缺失突变体的原核表达载体 ,获取缺失突变体蛋白 ,用于TFAR19促凋亡分子机理的研究 .从真核表达载体pcDI TFAR19扩增出野生型TFAR19和 4个缺失突变体 ,重组到原核表达载体pGEX 4T 2 .经亲和层析方法对缺失体蛋白进行纯化后 ,再利用凝胶过滤的方法进一步纯化 .利用抗GST和抗TFAR19的单克隆抗体对蛋白进行免疫学鉴定 .用白血病细胞株HL 6 0检测蛋白活性 .成功地克隆并重组了野生型TFAR19及缺失突变体 pGEX 4T 2表达载体 ,对融合蛋白的表达条件进行了优化 .SDS PAGE结果显示 ,各个缺失突变体融合蛋白均有较高水平的表达 .免疫学检测证实获得了正确的表达产物 .活性检测证实 ,野生型TFAR19和缺失突变体 4可以明显促进去血清诱导的HL 6 0细胞凋亡 ,第 6外显子可能是一个与TFAR19促凋亡活性密切相关的功能结构域     

人类红细胞膜带3蛋白C端域Lys892～Phe895在Cl~-转运过程中作用的研究

采用酵母表面展示系统 ,表达带 3蛋白膜段结构域 (Gln4 0 4～Val911)至酵母细胞膜 ,功能研究表明 ,表达后的膜段结构域具有离子转运的活性 ,同时 ,带 3蛋白抑制剂 4 ,4′ 二异硫氰 2 ,2′ 二黄酸芪 (DIDS)能够抑制其离子转运的功能 .利用PCR方法 ,以 pFAST Bac mdb3为模板扩增出带 3蛋白膜段结构域的 4种截断突变体 ,分别去除带 3蛋白C端域后 4个 (Ala90 8～Val911)、 16个 (Asp896～Val911)、 2 0个 (Lys892～Val911)、 32个(Asn880～Val911)氨基酸序列 ,测序后将其克隆至表达载体 pYD1上 ,构建酵母表达质粒 pYD1 Trunc4、pYD1 Trunc16、pYD1 Trunc2 0和 pYD1 Trunc32 ,诱导 4组突变体的蛋白质表达 .然后测定Cl-的转运活性 ,结果发现去除后 2 0个 (Lys892～Val911)氨基酸残基后 ,离子转运活性明显下降 ,而去除后 32个 (Asn880～Val911)后 ,离子转运没有进一步下降 ,说明Lys892～Phe895 4个氨基酸残基在带 3蛋白的离子转运过程中发挥重要作用     

利用大肠杆菌表达禽流感病毒聚合酶酸性蛋白

目的：通过在大肠杆菌中分段表达禽流感病毒聚合酶酸性蛋白（PA蛋白）,探索PA基因中可能影响表达的区域。方法：构建分段缺失的PA蛋白突变体,用IPTG在大肠杆菌RosettaGamiB（DE3）中诱导表达,比较各突变体的表达效率。结果：N端缺失长度在143～408个氨基酸残基之间的9个突变体在大肠杆菌中的表达水平较高;而突变体PA/K（Δ1-40aa）、PA/M（Δ1-56aa）、PA/N（Δ41-56aa）和PA/P（Δ57-75aa）的表达水平很低;全长PA蛋白和缺失N端20个氨基酸残基的突变体PA/L则检测不到表达。结论：PA基因的61～225bp和325～426bp可能是影响PA蛋白表达的2个重要区域,为下一步表达全长PA蛋白奠定了基础。     

汉滩病毒S基因的分段表达及其线性和构象型抗原表位分析

构建汉滩病毒76—118N蛋白及其分别从N-端和C-端缺失的共6个突变体,在大肠杆菌BL-21中进行表达,并对其中一些蛋白进行了纯化。通过Western blot、酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)进行汉滩病毒N蛋白的抗原表位分析,N蛋白及6个缺失突变体都与组特异性抗体L13F3呈阳性反应,而缺失突变体与型特异性抗体AH30呈阴性反应。构建汉滩病毒76—118N蛋白及其6个缺失突变体的真核表达载体,并在COS-7细胞中进行表达。通过间接免疫荧光试验(IFA)进行汉滩病毒N蛋白的抗原表位分析,病人血清与真核表达的N蛋白及6个缺失突变体呈阳性反应。而仅有N蛋白及缺失N端1～30位氨基酸序列的NPN30与型特异性抗体AH30呈阳性反应。证实组特异性抗体L13F3结合的抗原表位位于N端1～30位氨基酸;而C端抗原表位对于型特异性抗体AH30与N蛋白的识别和结合具有重要意义,缺失N端100位氨基酸序列可能破坏羧基端构象型表位,也可以影响N蛋白与AH30的结合。     

Complexin蛋白对神经母瘤细胞分化的影响及机制研究

目的:探讨Complexin蛋白对神经母瘤细胞分化的影响及机制。方法:采用神经母瘤细胞(N2a)作为实验材料,在其中过表达Complexin蛋白以及其突变体后,利用激光共聚焦显微镜拍照并利用Image J软件对N2a细胞的分化比率、突起数量以及突起生长长度进行统计学分析。结果:在N2a细胞中过表达Cpx蛋白后,细胞分化率比对照组(即转染空白对照质粒)增加约2倍。Cpx1-86和Cpxpoorclamp突变体可促进N2a细胞的分化,而Cpx27-134突变体对N2a细胞分化无明显影响。随着时间的延长,过表达野生型Cpx蛋白和其N端缺失突变体都不能显著增加细胞突起的数量;但在转染4天后,过表达野生型Cpx蛋白能显著增加分化细胞的突起长度,而其N端缺失突变体不能引起突起长度的增加。结论:Complexin蛋白主要通过其N端序列促进神经母瘤细胞(N2a)的分化,增加分化后突起的长度,但对突起数量没有明显影响。     

低免疫原性的新型葡激酶ΔNMSak在大肠杆菌中的高效表达和分离纯化

为了降低野生型葡激酶 (wild- type staphylokinase,wt- Sak)的免疫原性 ,对已构建的葡激酶N端缺失突变体 (ΔNSak) c DNA进行改造 ,将其主要的抗原决定簇编码序列突变为丙氨酸密码子 .该突变体 (ΔNMSak) c DNA与原核表达载体 p LY- 4重组后 ,转化大肠杆菌 JF1 1 2 5.经温度诱导 ,ΔNMSak获得高效表达 ,重组蛋白占全菌总蛋白的 60 % ,以包涵体形式存在 .包涵体经洗涤 ,8mol/L尿素溶解 ,稀释复性 ,离子交换色谱一步分离至电泳纯 ,纯度达 95%以上 ,分子量与理论值相符 ,比活性 8.5× 1 0 4 HU/mg.经 ELISA法、发色底物法测定 ,ΔNMSak与 wt- Sak制备的兔抗wt- Sak抗血清的免疫反应性显著降低 ,经抗血清温育后 ,wt- Sak活性下降程度远高于 ΔNMSak.ΔNMSak、wt- Sak分别免疫豚鼠 ,以 ELISA法测定豚鼠血清中相应抗体的效价 ,ΔNMSak组的抗体效价明显低于 wt- Sak组 ,表明 ΔNMSak的免疫原性显著下降 .     

低免疫原性的新型葡激酶ΔNMSak在大肠杆菌中的高效表达和分离纯化

为了降低野生型葡激酶 (wild- type staphylokinase,wt- Sak)的免疫原性 ,对已构建的葡激酶N端缺失突变体 (ΔNSak) c DNA进行改造 ,将其主要的抗原决定簇编码序列突变为丙氨酸密码子 .该突变体 (ΔNMSak) c DNA与原核表达载体 p LY- 4重组后 ,转化大肠杆菌 JF1 1 2 5.经温度诱导 ,ΔNMSak获得高效表达 ,重组蛋白占全菌总蛋白的 60 % ,以包涵体形式存在 .包涵体经洗涤 ,8mol/L尿素溶解 ,稀释复性 ,离子交换色谱一步分离至电泳纯 ,纯度达 95%以上 ,分子量与理论值相符 ,比活性 8.5× 1 0 4 HU/mg.经 ELISA法、发色底物法测定 ,ΔNMSak与 wt- Sak制备的兔抗wt- Sak抗血清的免疫反应性显著降低 ,经抗血清温育后 ,wt- Sak活性下降程度远高于 ΔNMSak.ΔNMSak、wt- Sak分别免疫豚鼠 ,以 ELISA法测定豚鼠血清中相应抗体的效价 ,ΔNMSak组的抗体效价明显低于 wt- Sak组 ,表明 ΔNMSak的免疫原性显著下降 .     

携带小鼠白介素-4截短型突变体基因的5型腺相关病毒载体的构建及外源蛋白的体外表达

目的:制备携带碳端结构域缺失的小鼠白介素-4(Interleukin-4,IL-4)基因突变体的5型重组腺相关病毒(recombinant adeno-associated virus, r AAV)并在细胞水平检测其介导的外源蛋白表达情况。方法:通过分子克隆技术构建携带小鼠IL-4碳端22个氨基酸缺失的突变体的表达质粒pSNAV-mIL-4ΔC22,三质粒共转染法制备重组的5型AAV病毒,体外感染人支气管上皮样细胞系16HBE和BEAS-2B,并通过Western blot和ELISA检测外源蛋白表达。结果:DNA测序表明构建的小鼠IL-4碳端第118位氨基酸位点处截短的突变体基因表达序列正确无误,制备的重组病毒载体r AAV5-mIL-4ΔC22滴度约为3×10~(11)vg/m L。r AAV5-GFP感染16HBE和BEAS-2B细胞后36小时开始可见持续稳定的荧光蛋白表达,重组病毒r AAV5-mIL-4ΔC22感染16HBE和BEAS-2B细胞后外源蛋白在培养上清中呈分泌型表达。结论:本研究成功构建了携带小鼠IL-4碳端结构域缺失型突变体的AAV表达质粒并制备了重组病毒r AAV5-mIL-4ΔC22,该病毒可有效转染16HBE和BEAS-2B细胞并介导外源基因分泌表达截短型小鼠IL-4突变体蛋白。     

GDNF缺失突变体的设计及其结构与功能关系(英文)

研究了GDNF结构与功能的关系 .基于鼠源GDNF的晶体结构 ,利用计算机SGIIndigo2(R4 4 0 0 )工作站和InsightⅡ (95.5)蛋白质分析软件模拟了人GDNF三维结构 ,设计了GDNF分子的两个缺失突变体ΔN1 2 8和ΔN78 90 .以野生型GDNFcDNA作为模板 ,用PCR法得到编码缺失突变体的DNA片段 .将大肠杆菌作为表达系统 ,使缺失突变体GDNF在大肠杆菌中表达 ,对表达产物纯化和复性后进行生物活性测定 .两株突变体在大肠肝菌中获得了高效表达 ,纯化后的GDNF突变体ΔN1 2 8可以与存在于KG 1a细胞表面的受体结合 ,但不能促进 8日龄鸡胚背根节突起的生长 .突变体ΔN78 90既不能与受体结合 ,同时也失去了促背根节突起生长的功能 .说明GDNF分子的N端氨基酸对分子的生物学活性很重要 ,但对分子与受体GDNFR α的结合并不是必需的 ,而分子中的螺旋区对分子与受体的结合以及生物学活性都必不可少 .     

缺失宿主Vta1蛋白的MIT结构域对杆状病毒AcMNPV复制的影响

【目的】克隆草地贪夜蛾(Spodoptera frugiperda)Vta1基因,检测Vta1在苜蓿银纹夜蛾核多角体病毒(Autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus,AcMNPV)复制中的作用。【方法】利用反转录-PCR与PCR方法筛选草地贪夜蛾Vta1基因及缺失Vta1N-端MIT结构域的突变体并构建其瞬时表达质粒,通过转染Sf9细胞检测表达;构建Vta1及其突变体的双分子荧光互补表达质粒,并通过瞬时转染检测其与Vps4及ESCRT-III亚基Vps46与Vps60的相互作用;共转染gp64与Vta1及其突变体瞬时表达质粒,检测瞬时表达Vta1突变体对AcMNPV出芽型病毒产量及病毒基因启动子指导报告基因表达的影响。【结果】获得了草地贪夜蛾Vta1基因。氨基酸序列相似性分析表明,昆虫、酵母与人类Vta1同源蛋白的相似性分别约为20%与50%。Western blotting分析表明GFP标签的Vta1及其突变体均能在瞬时转染的Sf9细胞中表达。双分子荧光互补分析发现,缺失第1个或第2个MIT结构域显著降低Vta1突变体与Vps4、Vps46或Vps60的相互作用。此外,瞬时表达Vta1突变体显著降低了AcMNPV感染性出芽型病毒的产量,但并未影响AcMNPVie1基因早期启动子和p6.9基因晚期启动子指导的LacZ和GUS报告基因的表达。【结论】Vta1可能参与杆状病毒AcMNPV子代病毒粒子的组装和/或出芽释放过程。     

人类免疫缺陷病毒1型Tat蛋白N末端缺失突变体融合蛋白的表达及其免疫原性分析

本研究采用PCR方法从人类免疫缺陷病毒1型（Human immunodeficiency virus 1,HIV-1）HXB2株tat基因中扩增编码Tat蛋白N末端1-21位氨基酸缺失的突变体Tat22-101基因片段,构建其原核表达质粒pET32a-Tat22-101,经双酶切及测序验证后,转化大肠埃希菌BL21（DE3）,进行IPTG诱导表达及Ni²⁺-NTA柱亲和层析纯化。纯化后的突变体融合蛋白PET32a-Tat22-101经SDS-PAGE及Western blotting鉴定,其相对分子质量约为26.9kD。该融合蛋白免疫BALB/c小鼠,经ELISA检测结果表明,pET32a-Tat22-101融合蛋白不仅较好地保留其免疫原性,而且能诱导产生高滴度的针对Tat N末端区之外的Tat其他功能区表位的抗体,为进一步研究Tat生物学功能和研制新型HIV Tat疫苗奠定试验基础。     

Functional analysis of the cytoplasmic tail of Moloney murine leukemia virus envelope protein.

The cytoplasmic tail of the immature Moloney murine leukemia virus (MoMuLV) envelope protein is approximately 32 amino acids long. During viral maturation, the viral protease cleaves this tail to release a 16-amino-acid R peptide, thereby rendering the envelope protein fusion competent. A series of truncations, deletions, and amino acid substitutions were constructed in this cytoplasmic tail to examine its role in fusion and viral transduction. Sequential truncation of the cytoplasmic tail revealed that removal of as few as 11 amino acids resulted in significant fusion when the envelope protein was expressed in NIH 3T3 cells, similar to that seen following expression of an R-less envelope (truncation of 16 amino acids). Further truncation of the cytoplasmic tail beyond the R-peptide cleavage site toward the membrane-spanning region had no additional effect on the level of fusion observed. In contrast, some deletions and nonconservative amino acid substitutions in the membrane-proximal region of the cytoplasmic tail (residues L602 to F605) reduced the amount of fusion observed in XC cell cocultivation assays, suggesting that this region influences the fusogenicity of full-length envelope protein. Expression of the mutant envelope proteins in a retroviral vector system revealed that decreased envelope-mediated cell-cell fusion correlated with a decrease in infectivity of the resulting virions. Additionally, some mutant envelope proteins which were capable of mediating cell-cell fusion were not efficiently incorporated into retroviral particles, resulting in defective virions. The cytoplasmic tail of MoMuLV envelope protein therefore influences both the fusogenicity of the envelope protein and its incorporation into virions.     

淋球菌nspA和大肠杆菌ltB融合基因的构建、表达及鉴定

通过基因工程的方法构建奈瑟氏淋球菌表面蛋白A(Neisseria gonorrhoeae surface protein A,nspA)和大肠杆菌不耐热肠毒素B亚单位(B subunit of Escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin,ltB)融合基因的原核表达载体,对其进行表达与鉴定,为后续融合蛋白LTB-NspA的生物活性分析及其作为淋球菌粘膜免疫疫苗的研究奠定基础.用PCR法从标准菌株分别扩增出nspA、ltB基因,用重组PCR法通过接头将ltB与nspA融合,将其插入pET-30a中,转入BL21中表达.经测序、SDS-PAGE和Western blot分析,证实成功构建了1tB-nspA融合基因的原核表达载体,并在BL21中表达.ltB-nspA融合基因的成功表达,为进一步研究其生物活性及淋球菌粘膜免疫疫苗的研究奠定了一定基础.     

Enzymatic amidation of recombinant (Leu27) growth hormone releasing hormone-Gly45

By chemoenzymatic synthesis the gene for a (Leu27) analogue of human growth hormone releasing hormone-Gly45 [(Leu27)GHRH-Gly45] was constructed, cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli as a fusion protein with beta-galactosidase under the control of the lac promoter and operator. Upon induction with isopropyl-D-thio-beta-galactopyranoside the fusion protein accumulated to a yield of 15-20% of the total cellular protein. After cyanogen bromide cleavage of the fusion protein the precursor peptide (Leu27)hGHRH-Gly45 was separated by extraction and purified by ion exchange and h.p.l.c.-RP18 chromatography. The purified peptide was analysed by sequencing, isoelectric focusing, amino acid analysis and amino acid analysis after V8 protease digestion. The carboxy-terminal glycine was subsequently amidated by PAM (peptidylglycine-alpha-amidating-monooxygenase), an enzyme which was isolated and characterized from fresh bovine pituitaries. Correct amidation of the penultimate amino acid, leucine, was verified by peptide sequencing with an authentic leucine amide reference.     

Expression of a proline-enriched protein in Escherichia coli.

The feasibility of expressing repeated synthetic codons in bacterial cells was demonstrated by showing that repeated codons for proline were expressed in Escherichia coli. Recombinant DNA technology was used to clone synthetic polydeoxyguanylate:polydeoxycytidylate into the PstI site of plasmid pBR322. Recombinant plasmid pGC139 was shown by means of HaeIII restriction digestion to contain approximately 41 cloned base pairs; the cloned sequence was expressed as a fusion to an ampicillinase protein. The resulting protein, enriched in proline, was expressed from plasmid pGC139 in E. coli maxicells. Extension of this technology could lead to improvement in the production of amino acids and to nutritional enrichment of single-cell protein.     

Overexpression of active Syrian golden hamster prion protein PrPc as a glutathione S-transferase fusion in heterologous systems.

This article describes a procedure which permits for the first time the isolation of the prion protein PrPc from the Syrian golden hamster in heterologous systems. Using a glutathione S-transferase (GST) fusion approach, milligram amounts of stable, soluble, and homogeneous GST::PrPc protein were obtained in Escherichia coli and with baculovirus-infected insect cells. Authentic PrPc was released from the immobilized fusion protein by direct cleavage with thrombin. GST::PrPc expressed in these two expression systems and also authentic PrPc released by thrombin cleavage were recognized by a polyclonal antibody directed against amino acid 95 to 110 of the golden hamster PrPc protein. GST::PrPc was not detected by a monoclonal antibody recognizing the region encompassing amino acids 138 to 152 of the human prion protein. The fusion protein was sensitive to proteinase K digestion, demonstrating that the cellular rather than the proteinase K-resistant scrapie isoform was produced.     

Characterization of v-sis protein expressed in silkworm larvae using the Bombyx mori nuclear polyhedrosis virus vector

The v-sis oncogene of simian sarcoma virus encodes a protein which is homologous to the human platelet-derived growth factor B-chain. The v-sis protein undergoes a series of processing steps including dimer formation and proteolytic digestion to generate several molecular sizes of the protein. Two of these v-sis proteins were expressed alone or as polyhedrin-sis fusion proteins using the Bombyx mori nuclear polyhedrosis virus vector. The polyhedrin-sis fusion proteins contained a collagenase-sensitive site at the junction. The expression levels of the fusion proteins whose polyhedrin portions consisted of only 8 amino-terminal amino acids were 3-4 times higher than those of non-fusion proteins. One of these fusion proteins was expressed in silkworm larvae and the v-sis protein was isolated from the fusion protein by collagenolysis followed by chromatography. Because the purified v-sis protein exhibited the same molecular size on SDS-polyacrylamide gels under reducing and non-reducing conditions, it was concluded to be monomeric in structure. It possessed chemotactic activity but lacked mitogenic activity. In addition, a small amount (approximately 1%) of monomeric v-sis protein was converted in vitro to the mitogenically active v-sis protein, which could be a homo-dimer.     

Amino-terminal mutation of the vesicular stomatitis virus glycoprotein does not affect its fusion activity.

Earlier studies demonstrated that synthetic peptides corresponding to the amino terminus of the vesicular stomatitis virus glycoprotein (G protein) have a pH-dependent hemolytic activity that is thought to be related to the fusion activity of G protein (R. Schlegel and M. Wade, J. Biol. Chem. 259: 4691-4694, 1984; R. Schlegel and M. Wade, J. Virol. 53: 319-323, 1985). A single amino acid change (lysine to glutamic acid at the amino terminus) abolishes the hemolytic activity of the peptide. Here we used oligonucleotide-directed mutagenesis to create a DNA encoding G protein with this same amino acid change at its amino terminus. The mutant protein encoded by this gene was expressed transiently in a monkey fibroblast cell line (COS) and was found to have a pH-dependent fusion activity indistinguishable from wild-type G protein. This result indicates that the hemolytic activity of the synthetic peptides was not related to the fusion activity of the G protein.     

Human homolog of Caenorhabditis elegans sqv-3 gene is galactosyltransferase I involved in the biosynthesis of the glycosaminoglycan-protein linkage region of proteoglycans.

A cDNA encoding a novel galactosyltransferase was identified based on BLAST analysis of expressed sequence tags, and the cDNA clones were isolated from a human melanoma line library. The new cDNA sequence encoded a type II membrane protein with 327 amino acid sequence and showed 38% homology to the Caenorhabditis elegans sqv-3 gene involved in the vulval invagination and oocyte development. Extracts from L cells transfected with the galactosyltransferase cDNA in an expression vector and a fusion protein with protein A exhibited marked galactosyltransferase activity specific for p-nitrophenyl-beta-D-xylopyranoside. Moreover, transfection with the cloned cDNA restored glycosaminoglycan synthesis of galactosyltransferase I-deficient Chinese hamster ovary mutant pgsB-761 cells. Analysis of the enzyme product by beta-galactosidase digestion, mass spectroscopy, and NMR spectroscopy revealed that the reaction product was formed via beta-1,4 linkage, indicating that the enzyme is galactosyltransferase I (UDP-galactose:O-beta-D-xylosylprotein 4-beta-D-galactosyltransferase, EC 2.4.1.133) involved in the synthesis of the glycosaminoglycan-protein linkage region of proteoglycans.