抗除草剂转基因大豆插入拷贝数及其旁侧序列分析

目的:确定抗除草剂转基因大豆外源基因拷贝数和其插入位点侧翼序列.方法:采用绝对定量PCR法测定转EPSPS基因大豆中外源基因拷贝数,内参照基因标准曲线选用大豆凝集素(Lectin)基因为标准品,外源基因标准曲线以含EPSPS基因的阳性质粒为标准品.采用基因组步移技术和巢式PCR方法确定抗除草剂转基因大豆插入位点旁侧序列.结果:抗除草剂转基因大豆外源基因的拷贝数为1.CaMV35S上游扩增887bp,NOS下游扩增1 340bp.结论:明确了EPSPS外源基因在转基因大豆中为单拷贝,转基因大豆插入位点附近大豆基因组发生了DNA重排.     

外源基因在转基因玉米中的整合位点分析

玉米是我国第一大作物,在保障我国粮食安全中发挥重要作用。通过转基因技术培育具有抗病虫等性状的转基因玉米新品种,可有效减少产量损失。培育的转基因玉米需要鉴定外源基因整合位点,为转基因玉米的安全性评价提供重要依据。以一个抗虫转基因玉米事件IE34为材料,采用热不对称PCR(TAIL-PCR)和遗传定位方法,鉴定外源基因整合位点及旁侧序列。通过TAIL-PCR得到一段长度为776 bp的玉米基因组序列。分别在旁侧序列和外源基因上游序列设计特异性引物,建立了转基因玉米事件特异性的PCR鉴定方法。将旁侧序列在MaizeGDB中进行比对分析,发现此序列是重复序列而且存在于多条染色体上。构建转基因玉米IE34与自交系B73的F2代遗传分离群体,通过BSR-Seq方法确定外源基因整合在玉米第5染色体短臂2.32-2.70Mb区间内。通过精细定位将外源基因整合位点缩小在第5染色体2.35-2.61 Mb约260 kb的区间内。本研究结果表明,对于整合位点旁侧序列复杂的转基因事件,TAIL-PCR结合遗传定位方法能够有效鉴定外源基因的整合位点。     

红系特异的GFP基因在转基因小鼠中的整合和表达

应用荧光定量PCR技术对由位点控制区LCR的HS2元件和 β 珠蛋白基因启动子指导的红系特异表达绿色荧光蛋白 (GFP)基因的转基因小鼠中外源基因拷贝数进行测定 ,使用荧光显微镜和流式细胞仪检测小鼠外周血中GFP的表达水平 ,并运用荧光原位杂交技术 (FISH)确定了其中两只转基因小鼠中外源基因的整合位点 ,结果表明 :在转基因小鼠中外源基因的拷贝数各不相同且相差较大 ,而且拷贝数与GFP基因的表达量之间未呈现出相关性 ;FISH分析确定出两只转基因小鼠的外源基因整合于不同的染色体上 ;杂交信号的强弱与拷贝数的多少相一致     

外源性人TIMP-1基因在转基因小鼠染色体上的整合及定位

为探讨外源基因人基质金属蛋白酶组织抑制物-1（human tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1, hTIMP-1）基因在转基因小鼠家系染色体上的整合和精确定位,应用Southrn印迹检测外源基因在染色体上整合的位点及拷贝数.结果表明,外源基因是以单拷贝、单位点形式整合;应用荧光原位杂交（fluorescence in situ hybridization, FISH）技术检测F4～F20代转基因小鼠中外源基因的整合.结果证明,该家系转基因小鼠自F4代起是纯合子,外源基因整合在17号染色体E区;反向PCR法（Inverse PCR, IPCR）克隆出约3.8 kb外源基因整合位点处的侧翼序列.分析表明,外源基因整合在17号染色体E1.3区,ALK（anaplastic lymphoma kinase, ALK）基因第23个内含子区域.结果提示,获得的转基因小鼠为纯系,外源基因hTIMP-1已稳定整合在转基因小鼠染色体上,并能遗传给后代.     

转基因白桦外源基因的多重PCR快速检测

根据转化的载体序列上T-DNA中的目的基因bt,选择性筛选标记基因nptⅡ和报告基因gus设计三对特异性引物,PCR产物片断大小分别为247、449、668 bp,应用多重PCR (mutiplex-PCR)的方法同步检测18株转基因白桦中三个基因的整合状况;用阳性对照为模板,对单重PCR（simplex-PCR）和多重PCR的各项指标进行比较。结果表明多重PCR检测多个外源基因在敏感性方面与单重PCR相比并没有减弱,而且略有提高;对18株样品的多重PCR同步检测无假阳性出现,结果准确,同时在操作中具有减少污染,缩短时间和节约成本等优点。因此,在对转基因白桦的外源基因的定期检测中,多重PCR是一种非常有效而便捷的方法,可以为转基因的拷贝数,T-DNA旁侧序列特征等转基因整合特性方面的研究提供数据。     

筛选转基因动物的新方法——PCR及其产物测序法

用特异性引物对肌球蛋白轻链2启动子(myosin light chain-2,MLC₂)-糜酶融合基因的转基因新生鼠鼠尾DNA进行PCR筛选, 低熔点琼脂糖凝胶电泳回收阳性样品PCR所扩出的DNA条带,纯化后用同一对引物中的一个进行单引物PCR测序,与所转外源基因序列比较,进一步确定整合有外源基因的阳性鼠.PCR及PCR 产物测序法检测转基因动物具有操作方便,灵敏度高及特异性强等优点.     

应用反向PCR克隆慢病毒介导的转基因小鼠整合位点序列

目的：为分析慢病毒介导的转基因小鼠中外源基因整合位点的信息,应用反向PCR克隆整合位点序列。方法：小鼠基因组总DNA酶解和自连接后,针对慢病毒载体的特点在LTR附近设计一组特异的PCR引物,优化半巢式PCR的各种参数,提高整合位点序列克隆的效率。结果：克隆了分别携带绿色荧光蛋白（GFP）和转铁蛋白（TF）基因的慢病毒介导的转基因小鼠家系7只小鼠中10个外源基因整合位点序列。结论：本方法可用于慢病毒介导的转基因小鼠整合位点序列的克隆,为分析整合位点与外源基因表达之间的关系等提供了科学依据。     

应用接头PCR克隆慢病毒介导的转基因小鼠整合位点旁侧序列

目的为鉴定慢病毒介导的转基因小鼠中外源基因的整合位点信息,应用接头PCR克隆整合位点旁侧序列。方法小鼠基因组总DNA酶解后与设计的接头片段连接,根据慢病毒的LTR序列设计巢式PCR引物,克隆转基因小鼠整合位点旁侧序列。结果成功克隆到转基因小鼠整合位点的旁侧序列,经过测序定位于小鼠染色体上。结论作为反向PCR的改进,本方法可用于转基因小鼠整合位点旁侧序列的克隆,为分析整合位点与外源基因表达之间的关系等提供了科学依据。     

抗凝血酶Ⅲ转基因山羊外源基因拷贝数及其蛋白表达量的测定

目的:检测抗凝血酶Ⅲ(ATⅢ)转基因山羊外源基因的拷贝数及ATⅢ蛋白的表达量,分析拷贝数与蛋白表达量的相关性。方法:用Primer 5.0软件设计外源基因ATⅢ及山羊管家基因GAPDH的引物,以倍比稀释的标准品进行实时荧光定量PCR,制作标准曲线,通过标准曲线计算外源基因拷贝数;通过酶显色底物法检测ATⅢ蛋白的含量。结果:依据ATⅢ和GAPDH基因标准曲线方程计算得到的山羊个体间外源基因的拷贝数相差很大,最少的为5,最多为25,且不同转基因山羊间ATⅢ表达水平的差别达10倍以上。结论:外源基因表达水平在受到拷贝数的影响外,也受到整合位点等其他因素的重要影响。     

利用荧光定量PCR分析c-Ha-ras基因在C57-ras转基因小鼠中的拷贝数

目的:利用real-time PCR建立检测C57-ras转基因小鼠中外源c-Ha-ras基因拷贝数的简便方法,为药物安全性评价C57-ras转基因小鼠模型的繁殖和筛选提供数据支持。方法:以自建的人原癌基因c-Ha-ras转基因小鼠为研究对象,利用SYBR GreenⅠ荧光定量PCR的绝对定量法测定3个C57-ras转基因小鼠系的c-Ha-ras基因Ct值,通过与内参基因GAPDH比较计算获得转基因的拷贝数。结果:内参基因GAPDH的标准曲线为lg NGAPDH=-2.852Ct+26.236,外源基因c-Ha-ras的标准曲线为lg NRAS=-3.068Ct+39.186;经计算,NO.2、NO.3、NO.5系的F6代拷贝数分别为4、4和3,并且系内不同个体间拷贝数一致。结论:利用SYBR GreenⅠreal-time PCR技术建立了检测C57-ras转基因小鼠中外源基因拷贝数的方法,该方法操作简单,节约成本,为C57-ras致癌性模型的选留和应用提供了基础和技术手段,也为其他类似转基因品系中转基因拷贝数的确定提供了一种参考方法。     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细