干扰素γ增强GH3细胞中人生长激素基因表达机制

为了研究干扰素γ(IFN γ)对大鼠垂体GH3细胞中人生长激素 (hGH)基因启动子活性的影响及其可能的作用机制 ,采用荧光素酶报告基因方法 ,将含hGH基因启动子 (- 4 84～ 2bp)和荧光素酶报告基因的表达质粒pGL3 4 84 Luc单独转染或与垂体特异性核转录因子Pit 1蛋白表达质粒 (pcDNA Pit 1 cDNA)或Pit 1反义寡核苷酸 (Pit 1OND)共转染于大鼠垂体GH3细胞中 ,观察加入IFN γ及细胞内信号转导途径的抑制剂后GH3细胞中荧光素酶表达的变化 ,反映其对hGH启动子活性的影响 ;将含不同长度hGH基因启动子序列的荧光素酶表达质粒pGL3 3 80 Luc(- 3 80～ 2bp)、pGL3 2 5 0 Luc(- 2 5 0～ 2bp)、pGL3 1 3 2 Luc(- 1 3 2～ 2bp)和 pGL3 6 6 Luc(- 6 6～2bp)分别转染GH3细胞 ,观察它们对IFN γ的反应 ,以寻找IFN γ影响hGH基因启动子活性的关键序列。结果表明 ,IFN γ (1 0 5u/L ,1 0 6u/L)均能促进大鼠垂体GH3细胞中荧光素酶的表达 ,最高达对照组的 1 3 1 % (P <0 .0 0 1 ) ;在胞内信号转导抑制剂中 ,只有丝裂原活化蛋白激酶 (MAPK)信号转导途径抑制剂PD980 5 9(4 0 μmol/L) ,能完全阻断IFN γ的促进作用 ;Pit 1蛋白过表达和表达被抑制对IFN γ的促进作用没有影响 ;含不同长度hGH基因启动子序列质粒中 ,只有 pGL3 3 8     

活化素抑制大鼠垂体GH_3细胞中人生长激素基因启动子的活性

本研究旨在探讨活化素(activin)对大鼠垂体GH3细胞中人生长激素(hGH)基因启动子活性的影响及其可能的调节机制。采用荧光素酶报告基因方法。首先建立含hGH基因启动子(-484～+30bp)和荧光素酶融合基因的稳定转染GH3细胞株,然后加入活化素或同时加入活化素与相关信号转导途径的激动剂,通过检测细胞培养液和细胞裂解液中GH的含量,以及GH3细胞内荧光素酶的变化,反映活化素对GH分泌、合成和hGH基因启动子活性的影响。将含不同长度hGH基因启动子序列的荧光素酶表达质粒分别转染GH3细胞,观察它们对活化素的反应,寻找活化素影响hGH基因启动子活性的关键DNA序列。结果表明,活化素(5,50nmol/L)能抑制大鼠垂体GH3细胞中GH的分泌和合成,活化素(5,50nmol/L)还能够抑制GH3细胞中hGH基因启动子的活性,使之仅达对照组的77%和69%;在胞内信号转导激动剂中,丝裂原活化蛋白激酶激酶(MAPKK/MEK)特异性激动剂C6ceramide(1μmol/L)完全取消了活化素对hGH基因启动子活性的抑制作用;活化素发挥抑制作用所需要的hGH基因启动子关键序列位于-132～-66bp之间。上述研究表明,活化素能抑制大鼠垂体GH3中hGH基因启动子的活性,它可能是通过抑制细胞内依赖MAPK的信号转导途径来完成的,同时hGH启动子上-132～-66bp的序列在其中发挥重要的作用。     

肺泡型细胞内表皮生长因子和转化生长因子α、β_1及其受体基因表达的研究

分离培养成年大鼠的肺泡 型细胞 ,通过斑点杂交、原位杂交和免疫组织化学染色 ,研究肺泡 型细胞内表皮生长因子 (EGF)、转化生长因子 α和 β1 (TGFα、TGFβ1 )及其受体基因的表达。结果显示肺泡 型细胞可表达 EGF、TGFα和TGFβ1 ,也可表达相应的 EGF受体 (EGFR)、TGFβ受体 型和 型 (TβR 、TβR )。表明肺泡 型细胞是合成和分泌 EGF、TGFα和 TGFβ1 的细胞之一 ;细胞凭借其 EGFR、TβR的存在 ,其增殖与分化可能受 EGF、TGFα和 TGFβ1 的旁分泌和自分泌两种途径调控。     

序列特异的双链RNA可解除CHIP对TGF-β信号通路的抑制作用

根据热休克蛋白Hsc70C端结合蛋白CHIP(carboxylterminusofHsc70 interactingprotein ,CHIP)cDNA上特异序列合成寡核苷酸片段 ,以pBS U6为载体 ,构建产生CHIPdsRNA (doublestrandedRNA ,dsRNA)的表达质粒pBS U6 CHIPi .免疫印迹和免疫染色结果显示 ,pBS U6 CHIPi可以高效、特异地抑制哺乳动物细胞内CHIP基因的表达 .为进一步研究CHIP在TGF β信号通路中的调控作用 ,利用pBS U6 CHIPi从细胞水平上封闭CHIP基因表达 ,观察TGF β介导的基因转录活性的变化 .荧光素酶报告分析 (luciferaseassay)结果显示 ,CHIP明显抑制TGF β介导的下游基因的转录活性 ,而转染pBS U6 CHIPi能有效解除CHIP的抑制作用 ,从而提高TGF β信号通路转录水平 ,从逆向角度进一步验证了CHIP在TGF β信号途径中可能具有抑制性的调控功能     

人生长激素基因在哺乳动物培养细胞中的导入与表达

将小鼠金属硫蛋白I(MT—I)启动子置换人生长激素(hGH)基因的启动子,构建成MT—hGH嵌合基因。当与疱疹病毒胸腺嘧啶核苷激酶基因(tk)的质粒共转染小鼠L—tk-细胞,在tk⁺转化细胞中所整合的MT-hGH基因可被重金属镉诱导。获得可表达和分泌hGH的细胞株,其中一株hGH的产率为2．5μg／10⁶细胞／24h．所产生的hGH分子量为22000道尔顿,表明小鼠L一tk+细胞株能对外源hGH基因所产生的mRNA进行正确的加工并能删除激素原的信号肽。     

两个人生长激素基因在SV40病毒重组体感染的猴细胞中的表达

我们已经建造了带有两个不同的人生长激素(hGH)基因的SV40重组体。用这些重组体感染的猴肾细胞能合成、加工并分泌人生长激素。有着与克隆的人生长激素互补DNA(eDNA)同样编码序列的基因1,共产物从几个标准来看,与垂体hGH没有什么区别。预定编码一个变异蛋白质的基因2,其产物比垂体hGH的免疫反应活性要小,但能有效地与hGH细胞表面受体结合。这些结果表明,基因2有可能表达而产生我们以前未辨别的hGH形式。这些结果显示了在真核细胞中,用基因转移的方法产生成熟的激素是可能的。这些结果也证明了SV40—猴细胞系统可以用于生产和鉴定动物细胞分泌的蛋白质。     

用Bac-to-Bac杆状病毒系统表达人生长激素

利用Bac to Bac杆状病毒载体表达系统将人生长激素 (humangrowthhormone ,hGH)基因cDNA克隆至转移载体pFastBac1中 ,得到pFastBac hGH ,再将其转化进入含穿梭载体Bacmid的受体菌DH10Bac中 ,发生转座作用 ,得到含hGH基因的重组穿梭载体rBacmid hGH .纯化DNA ,直接转染培养的昆虫细胞Sf9,得到重组病毒rAcV Bac hGH .经酶切PCR及Southern杂交鉴定 ,hGH基因正确地插入病毒基因组的多角体蛋白基因启动子下 ,SDS PAGE测得产物蛋白分子量为 2 2kD左右 .用免疫化学发光法测得转染上清中hGH表达水平可达 18μg ml ,与用传统的BEVS表达hGH相比 ,转染上清中hGH表达水平提高 4 0 0倍以上     

人转化生长因子β1成熟肽基因的克隆及序列测定

转化生长因子β1(transforming growth factor β1,TGF β1)作为细胞主要的负调控生长因子,参与了哺乳动物各种细胞的病理和生理过程。此外,TGF β1可望应用于创伤愈合、免疫抑制、肿瘤抑制等方面,具有潜在的临床应用前景。我们在完成了人TGF β1基因的克隆及其在真核细胞中的表达后,准备进行其在大肠杆菌中的高效表达研究。     

柯萨奇病毒B3蛋白酶2A干扰核因子κB p65的二聚体形成和核转移

为探讨柯萨奇病毒B3(CVB3)蛋白酶2A是否通过干扰核因子κB(NF-κB)的核定位而影响细胞因子表达,构建CVB3蛋白酶2A的表达载体pcDNA3.1-2A。将此表达载体与核转录因子NF-κB基因启动子荧光素酶报告基因载体pGL3-NF-κB promotor-Luc共转染细胞,经肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)刺激,检测荧光素酶表达;通过免疫荧光和蛋白免疫印迹检测CVB3蛋白酶2A对NF-κB核定位和二聚体形成的影响。结果显示,CVB3蛋白酶2A可减少NF-κB二聚体形成,并干扰其核转移。本研究证实,CVB3蛋白酶2A可通过干扰NF-κB二聚体形成和核转移而影响细胞因子分泌。     

肺泡Ⅱ型细胞表皮生长因子和转化生长因子α、β1及其受体表达的研究

分离培养成年大鼠的肺泡Ⅱ型细胞,通过斑点杂交、原位杂交和免疫组织化学染色,研究肺泡Ⅱ型细胞内表皮生长因子（EGF）、转化生长因子α和β1（TGFα、TGFβ1）及其受体基因的表达。结果显示肺泡Ⅱ型细胞可表达EGF、TGFα和TGFβ1,也可表达相应的EGF受体（EGFR）、TGFβ受体Ⅰ型和Ⅱ型（TβRⅠ、TβRⅡ）。表明肺泡Ⅱ型细胞是合成和分泌EGF、TGFα和TGFβ1的细胞之一;细胞凭借其EGFR、TβR的存在,其增殖与分化可能受EGF、TGFα和TGFβ1的旁分泌和自分泌两种途径调控。     

六种藓类植物茎的比较解剖学研究

通过对6种藓类植物,即褶叶青藓(Brachythecium salebrosum(Web.et Mohr.)B.S.G.)、湿地匐灯藓(Plagiomnium acutum(Lindb.)Kop.)、侧枝匐灯藓(Plagiomnium maximoviczii(Lindb.)Kop.)、大凤尾藓(Fissidensnobilis Griff.)、大羽藓(Thuidium cymbifolium(Doz.et Molk.)B.S.G.)和大灰藓(Hypnum plumaeforme Wils.)嫩茎和老茎的石蜡切片和显微观察发现,同一藓类植株的嫩茎和老茎,茎结构稳定,不同种藓类植物茎横切面具有不同特征.植物体茎横切面形状、表层细胞的层数、细胞大小和细胞壁厚薄、皮层细胞大小和形状、中轴的有无以及比例等特征可以作为藓类植物的分科分类依据之一.     

Cause of Senescence of Nine Sorts of Flowers

The levels of endogenous phytohormones and respiratory rate in nine sorts of flowers such as Cymbidium faberi Rolfe, Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth and others were investigated both at full bloom and senescence and meanwhile the effect of exogenous phytohormones on prolonging the blossoms and promoting ethylene production were tested. There is a high content of endogenous ethylene in all the long-lived flowere, about 3–16 folds higer than the short-lived ones. There is a high level of ABA at full blooming flowers of short-lived flowers, in which there is no or only some cytokinins in it, but the ratio of CTK (6BA+zeatin)/ABA is smaller(l.7). The endogenous ABA reached a much higher level at senescence in all nine sorts of flowers, so it is reasonable to consider that it is ABA which plays an important role of regulation in controlling flower's senescence. There is a much higher level of GA3 and zeatin in the long-lived flowers which is not demonstrated in the shortlived ones. The respiratory rate is one of the factors controtling the longevity of flowers, but it does not play a decided role. Application of 6BA and zeatin prolongs distinctly orchid’s longevity, however exogenous IAA through the promotive action on ethylene production, evidently extends the longevity of the flowers of the Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth.     

龙胆科药用植物化学成分的研究现状

龙胆科植物在我国的分布范围很广,且多数为药用植物,其多数种属的药用植物,至今其化学成分尚未被系统研究。综述了目前龙胆科药用植物的化学成分的研究现状及一般提取方法,对近年来发现的环烯醚萜及裂环烯醚萜类化合物进行了总结,为本科药用植物的更深入研究提供了参考。     

The effects of glutamine of the maintenance of embryogenic cultures of Cryptomeria japonica

Summary Embryogenic tissues of sugi (Cryptomeria japonica) were induced on a modified Campbell and Durzan (CD) medium containing 1 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 600 mg l⁻¹ glutamine, and subcultured in the medium of the same composition for over 1 yr. This resulted in a mixed culture of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells. When embryogenic cells were isolated and cultured independently, their capacity to form embryogenic aggregates was lost. Thus, the non-embryogenic cells present within a mixed culture system were essential to the formation of embryogenic aggregates. When embryogenic tissues were isolated and cultured independently on a high glutamine-containing (2400 mg l⁻¹) medium, dry weights and endogenous levels of glutamine increased, and the tissue could generate a large number of embryogenic aggregates. Amino acid analysis of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells from the maintenance culture indicated a higher level of glutamine was present in the latter. The high endogenous level of glutamine in the non-embryogenic portion of mixed cell masses may be the supplier of glutamine for maintaining the embryogenic property of the tissues.     

Specificity of action of piperidylcholine derivatives as substrates of cholinesterases of various origin

The review deals with study of enzymologic properties of a novel highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate, N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium iodomethylate (“piperidylcholine”), and its 30 derivatives that were tested as effectors of cholinesterases of mammals and various species of Pacific squids. It was proven for the first time that responsible for specificity of action was structure of cyclic ammonium grouping of the alcohol part of molecule of the ester substrate. Analysis of specificity is performed based on enzymatic hydrolysis parameters—activity of catalytic center of cholinesterases and bimolecular constant of the reaction rate that are determined at optimal and low substrate concentrations. Among the specially synthesized group of thioester compounds there is revealed one more highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate—N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium.     

真菌类遗传学分析的知识结构教学

本文以认知结构理论为指导,讨论了真菌类遗传分析与高等动植物遗传分析的内在联系,认为利用这种内在联系进行教学可收到好的效果并说明了作者的具体教学过程。 Abstract:In the paper, the relationship between genetic analysis of Fungi and genetic analysis of high animal and plant was discussed.A good results were obtained when we adopted this method in the teaching.     

The mechanism of hatching of eggs of Haemonchus contortus

Fluid collected from hatching eggs of Haemonchus contortus contained a lipase which hydrolysed 2-naphthyl laurate (about 0·7 μmol naphthol freed /h/10⁶ eggs). The fluid also hydrolysed l-leucinamide (about 2·3 μmol leucine freed/h/10⁶ eggs). The fluid when added to normal or heated eggs caused ‘hatching’. ‘Hatching’ also occurred in exsheathing fluid from infective juveniles and in a preparation of pancreatic lipase containing leucine aminopeptidase. A purified mammalian leucine aminopeptidase in combination with several different lipases did not attack egg shells.The ‘spontaneous’ hatching of eggs of H. contortus was strongly inhibited by 1,10-phenanthroline, 10^?3M, and this inhibition was reversed by Zn²⁺. However, the inhibition of ‘hatching’ of eggs in externally applied hatching fluid, or the hydrolysis of leucinamide in hatching fluid was generally less marked.     

Photoregulation of seed germination of wild-type and of an aurea-mutant of tomato

Seed germination of an aurea mutant of tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is promoted by continuous irradiation with red, far-red or long-wavelength far-red (758 nm) light as well as by cyclic irradiations (5 min red or 5 min far-red/25 min darkness). Far-red light applied immediately after each red does not change the germination behaviour. Seed germination of the isogenic wild-type, cv. UC-105, is promoted by continuous and cyclic red light while it is inhibited by continuous and cyclic far-red light and by continious 758 nm irradiation. Far-red irradiation reverses almost completely the promoting effect of red light. The promoting effect (in the aurea mutant) and the inhibitory effect (in the wild-type) of continuous far-red light do not show photon fluence rate dependency above 20 nmol m⁻² s⁻¹. It is concluded that phytochrome controls tomato seed germination throgh low energy responses in both the wild type and the au mutant. The promoting effect of continuous and cyclic far-red light in the au mutant can be attributed to a greater sensitivity to P_fr.