新疆褐家鼠肥满度的初步研究

对在新疆北部干旱地区野外捕获765号褐家鼠标本进行了肥满度研究.结果表明,该鼠肥满度与年龄和栖息地无关,而有性别、季节和年度差异,肥满度变化与种群数量之间的相关程度均未达到显著水平,说明该鼠的肥满度不能作为预测其种群数量的主要指标.     

滇中农区大面积灭鼠后褐家鼠种群动态的初步研究

滇中农区大面积灭鼠后褐家鼠种群动态的初步研究褐家鼠是滇中农区主要危害种类之一。我们于１９９０年１月－１９９１年１月和１９９１年５月－１９９２年７月在云南中部通海县开展周年调查,以分析全县统一灭鼠对褐家鼠种群数量的影响,现将结果报道如１．自然概况和调查...     

城镇灭鼠后鼠类种群数量的恢复及其控制对策的探讨

根据室内繁殖和野外调查获得的生态学数据及种群参数,从理论上分析我国南方城镇主要害鼠（褐家鼠、小家鼠、黄胸鼠）种群的数量恢复动态．研究不同杀灭效果和杀灭时间间隔对种群恢复的影响。并从实践出发,提出城镇灭鼠后控制害鼠种群数量恢复的措施,以达到长期控制城镇害鼠的目标。     

褐家鼠在内陆干旱区的群落效应

新疆内陆干旱区原无褐家鼠(Rattusnorvegicus)栖息,新疆褐家鼠是随铁路运输经火车从中国内地自然移入的.褐家鼠移入新疆后,又随当地公路及铁路运输进行了第二次扩散.目前已遍及铁路沿线主要城镇及附近农村,并有向边远市镇再扩散的趋势.由于该鼠具有个体大、食性杂、繁殖快和生存适应能力极强的特性,所到之处很快占领生态位,以指数增长的形式生存和发展,形成稳定种群,排挤它鼠而成为当地新优势种,并造成危害.褐家鼠在新疆各地同小家鼠(Musmusculus),灰仓鼠(Cricetulusmigratorius)等家栖鼠类一起共同组成当地新的鼠类群落.     

海三棱藨草种群的密度与生物量动态

本文研究了上海市南汇县东海农场海堤外侧滩涂上海三棱藨草种群的密度动态、高度生长动态、生物量动态以及它们之间及其与环境之间的相互关系。研究结果表明:在环境条件相对稳定的地带A和B内,海三棱藨草种群的高度、高度生长和生物量在生长期内符合Logisfis增长。种群生物量动态与密度动态可分为3个阶段,其中阶段Ⅱ符合Yoda等提出的-3/2自疏定律。地带B为海三棱藨草种群生长的最适地带。地带C内生境条件极不稳定,种群的数量动态变化亦相当剧烈。在不同环境条件下,密度制约因素和非密度制约因素对种群数量动态的相对作用是不同的。在环境条件较稳定的生境中(地带A和B),密度制约因素是决定种群数量动态的主要因素;在环境条件变化剧烈的生境中(地带C),非密度制约因素是决定种群数量动态的主要因素。     

海三棱蔗草种群的密度与生物量动态

本文研究了上海市南汇县东海农场海堤外侧滩涂上海三棱藨草种群的密度动态,高度生长动态、生物量动态以及它们之间及其与环境之间的相互关系。研究结果表明：在环境条件相对稳定的地带A和B内,海三棱藨草种群的高度、高度生长和生物量在生长期内符合Logisfic增长。种群生物量动态与密度动态可分为3个阶段,其中阶段Ⅱ符合Yoda等提出的-3/2自疏定律。地带B为海三棱藨草种群生长的最适地带。地带C内生境条件极不稳定,种群的数量动态变化亦相当剧烈。在不同环境条件下,密度制约因素和非密度制约因素对种群数量动态的相对作用是不同的。在环境条件较稳定的生境中(地带A和B),密度制约因素是决定种群数量动态的主要因素;在环境条件变化剧烈的生境中(地带C),非密度制约因素是决定种群数量动态的主要因素。     

新疆干旱环境中褐家鼠消化道长度和重量的季节变化及其适应意义

动物消化道的形态与食性、食物质量以及动物对能量的需求密切关系。本文对新疆干旱环境中生存的褐家鼠在自然环境中消化道长度及重量进行了测定,结果表明,家栖的褐家鼠只有总消化道、小肠和大肠的长度有季节差异,冬、春季高于夏、秋季。同时发现捕自阿拉山口的褐家鼠胃长度和干重有季节差异。     

萧山围垦农区小型兽类种群动态的研究

１９８５年４月１９９２年１２月,作者采用夹夜法对萧山围垦农区小型兽类的种群动态进行了连续逐月定点定时的研究。种群的季节消长规律呈前峰型曲线的种群有黑线姬鼠、小家鼠和褐家鼠（室内）,呈后峰型曲线的种群有臭Ｑｕ和褐家鼠（室外）。黑线姬鼠季节消长规律与农区作物类型、小兽群落组成、冬季死亡率和怀孕率等因素有关,并受环境因子的影响。     

小家鼠血红蛋白多态型与种群密度的关系

啮齿动物种群数量波动的研究,国内外部已有不少报道(夏武平1958,1961,1963;Evans等,1944;Delong,1967)。种群数量随季节的一般性波动以及年间的一般性差异是常见的(孙儒泳等1962;Evans,1949;Krebs等,1973),但极大的波动并不多见。一个种在某一年间种群数量发生的极大波动的现象,现在习惯地称作大发生或大暴发(Pearson,1963;Plomley,1972),我国新疆北部农业带分布的小型啮齿类就有这种大暴发的历史(青海省生物研究所新疆鼠害研究组,1975)。     

新疆天山野果林准噶尔山楂种群结构与动态分析

为了明确准噶尔山楂(Crataegus songarica K.Koch)种群的结构特征和动态规律,该研究在新疆伊犁霍城县大西沟境内的天山野果林带东端设置5.25 hm₂大样地,对准噶尔山楂种群进行逐木调查,采用匀滑技术编制种群静态生命表,绘制存活曲线以及死亡率、消失率曲线,对4个生存函数进行生存分析,并根据种群动态量化和时间序列模型预测种群数量动态。结果显示：(1)天山野果林带东端的准噶尔山楂种群Ⅰ龄级占总体数量的65.5%,Ⅱ龄级数量出现骤减,仅占总体数量的6.5%,研究区内准噶尔山楂种群总体表现为增长型年龄结构,趋于Deevey Ⅱ型存活曲线。(2)研究区内准噶尔山楂种群的死亡率和消失率曲线变化基本一致,共有4个死亡高峰,分别在Ⅰ龄级、Ⅵ龄级、Ⅸ龄级和Ⅻ龄级,最高峰出现在Ⅰ龄级幼苗时期,死亡率高达89.9%。(3)4个生存函数曲线表现出前期锐减、中期稳定、后期衰退的特点,同时在时间序列分析中,随着时间推移,种群未来老龄个体逐渐增多,老化趋势较为明显。研究认为,准噶尔山楂种群现阶段的生长呈增长趋势,但种群的长期稳定维持存在困难,建议适当补充幼苗、幼株,减少对成年树的砍伐破坏,从而为种群的保育和恢复提供保障。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.