一株10-羟基喜树碱转化内生菌的筛选及鉴定

目的:利用从喜树中分离的内生真菌将喜树碱转化为10-羟基喜树碱。方法:采用摇瓶发酵进行生物转化,并利用薄层层析和高效液相色谱(HPLC)方法进行转化结果分析。通过内生真菌ITS区扩增,测序及系统进化分析等方法对菌种进行鉴定。结果:得到1株能将喜树碱转化为10-羟基喜树碱的菌株,结果显示该菌种为青霉菌属,转化率为7.37%。结论:微生物转化可作为化合物结构修饰以及得到目标化合物的重要手段。     

高效抗氧化大型真菌的筛选

为获得高效抗氧化菌株,采用直接提取方式从20个大型真菌菌株菌丝体培养液中提取抗氧化活性物质,采用邻苯三酚自氧化法、水杨酸法、DPPH法测定各菌株菌丝体培养粗提液对超氧阴离子自由基(O2)、羟基自由基.(OH)及1,1-二苯代苦味酰基自由基(DPPH-)的清除作用。结果表明:各菌株菌丝体培养粗提液对(O2)、.OH及DPPH-均有一定的清除作用,其中菌株NG菌丝体培养粗提液对OH-的清除效果最好,清除率为75.56%;菌株02菌丝体培养粗提液对(O2-)的清除效果最好,清除率为37.51%;菌株EG菌丝体培养粗提液对DPPH-清除效果最好,清除率为66.91%。     

喜树果中喜树碱和10-羟基喜树碱的匀浆提取工艺

以喜树果为原料,对匀浆法提取喜树碱和10-羟基喜树碱的工艺进行了研究,确定了最佳的工艺条件：提取溶剂为体积分数55％的乙醇,匀浆时间为8min,料液比为1：15（g／mL）。在此工艺条件下,喜树碱和10-羟基喜树碱的提取率分别为0．801‰和0．546‰。将该法与超声提取、回流提取、常温冷浸提取、水浴振荡提取进行了比较,结果表明,匀浆提取具有得率高、省时间等方面的优势,是一种高效提取喜树碱和10．羟基喜树碱的方法。     

羟基喜树碱纳米颗粒超声反溶剂法制备工艺及表征

为提高羟基喜树碱的水溶性及其制剂在体内稳定性,运用超声反溶剂法对羟基喜树碱进行初级颗粒制备。本文根据羟基喜树碱在不同有机溶剂中的溶解度与其在去离子水中的溶解度的不同进行对比,对各项指标进行检测。筛选出制备羟基喜树碱初级颗粒的最佳条件为:HCPT-DMSO浓度为5 mg·mL-1、H2O∶DMSO=1∶1、H2O滴速为4 mL·min-1,超声时间为10 min。对羟基喜树碱初级纳米颗粒进行检测,SEM扫描结果显示其形貌规则,粒径为746 nm,与羟基喜树碱原粉颗粒相比,粒径明显减小并在其水溶液中分布更为均匀。     

喜树毛状根的诱导及其喜树碱含量分析

研究了不同外植体类型(包括真叶、茎段、子叶及胚轴)、胚轴年龄和不同发根农杆菌菌株(包括A4、15834、R1601、C58C1)等因素对喜树毛状根诱导频率的影响,并用PCR对诱导出的毛状根进行了分子鉴定.结果表明:(1)最佳外植体为胚轴,5~10 d是胚轴最佳诱导年龄段,最佳诱导菌株为15834.(2)PCR鉴定结果表明,发根农杆菌的rolB基因已整合到喜树毛状根基因组中.(3)对不同菌株诱导的毛状根进行HPLC检测表明,C58C1菌株诱导的毛状根的喜树碱和羟基喜树碱含量最高,分别为1.219 mg/g和0.305 mg/g.研究结果为喜树碱的药源开发提供了一条新途径,并为进一步利用基因工程技术调控喜树碱的代谢合成奠定了基础.     

喜树碱和10-羟基喜树碱受喜树生长发育调控的不同特点

为了揭示喜树碱(camptothecin, CPT)和10-羟基喜树碱(10-hydroxycamptothecin, HCPT)在喜树(Camptotheca acuminata Decaisne)体内代谢的生理调控机制及这两种类似物之间的关系和作用,运用高效液相色谱技术对种子形成、成熟、萌发和幼苗生长过程中喜树碱和10-羟基喜树碱的代谢动态进行了全面的研究.结果表明,喜树碱相对稳定地存在于成熟和幼嫩的组织中;10-羟基喜树碱特异性地积累在乳熟期的种子、种芽的子叶、幼嫩的真叶等幼嫩组织中,随着组织的进一步发育和成熟,其含量快速减少,成熟组织中积累极少,并且这两种生物碱的代谢在时间和数量上都呈现出相互消长的特点,由此推断,这两种生物碱不同程度地受生长发育调控的特点可能与喜树的化学防御策略密切相关,并且,它们之间可以相互转化以充分利用有限的氮素资源.     

五种虫草无性型菌株产腺苷类物质的分析

采用分光光度计法对虫草菌丝体中腺苷类组分的提取方法进行研究,采用薄层层析法和高效液相色谱法对虫草菌丝体中的腺嘌呤、腺苷、虫草菌素、N6-(2-羟乙基)腺苷等4种物质进行定性和定量分析。结果表明,虫草菌丝体中腺苷类组分的提取方法采用蒸馏水超声波提取30min效果较好,所测5种虫草菌株都能产腺苷和腺嘌呤,在蛹草拟青霉菌株中含有虫草菌素,在粉被玛利亚霉和蝉拟青霉菌株中含有N6-(2-羟乙基)腺苷,同时发现N6-(2-羟乙基)腺苷的累积与培养时间有一定关系。     

3-羟基丙酸高产菌株的筛选及诱变选育

【目的】3-羟基丙酸是一种重要的化学平台化合物,期望得到一株能够高产3-羟基丙酸的菌株。【方法】从土壤及粪便筛选并对得到的菌株进行鉴定和复合诱变。【结果】得到了一株能够利用丙酸发酵生产3-羟基丙酸的酵母Y-11,经生理生化鉴定及18S rDNA序列分析确定其为Candida sp.(假丝酵母)。以Y-11为出发菌株,经紫外-亚硝基胍-60Coγ复合诱变得到了突变性状稳定且可遗传的高产菌株5-13B,其3-羟基丙酸的产量为11.78 g/L,是出发菌株的2.46倍。【结论】对出发菌株和突变株的发酵特性进行了比较,结果表明突变株的3-羟基丙酸产量、对底物丙酸的转化率、产物3-羟基丙酸的积累性能及丙酸的耐受性均优于出发菌株。     

喜树生物碱在喜树植株中的分布

采用高效液相法测定喜树植株不同部位的生物碱(喜树碱、l0-羟基喜树碱)含量的结果表明,十年生喜树叶中的喜树碱含量最高(0.1102%),非木质化茎的(0.0588%)略高于木质化茎的(0.0491%),主干上部(0.0604%)和主干近根部(0.0641%)高于主干中部(0.0447%),根部一级侧根(0.0968%)中含量也较高.10-羟基喜树碱在二级侧根中含量最高(0.4950%),木质化茎(0.0473%)明显高于非木质化茎(0.0125%),主干中含量分布与喜树碱相似,叶中含量为0.0905%.     

增强UV-B辐射对喜树幼苗生物量和两种生物碱含量的影响

通过盆栽试验,以自然辐射为对照,研究人工增强UV-B辐射下(5.0 μW/cm2)喜树幼苗生物量和各器官中喜树碱、10-羟基喜树碱含量的变化,试验结果表明:(1 )UV-B辐射处理前20d,处理组幼苗的全株以及各器官的鲜重与对照相差很少.至辐射处理的40d,处理组幼苗的全株以及各器官的生物量均高于正常条件的幼苗.试验后期,处理组单株生物量降低,长时间的UV-B辐射使喜树植株矮化、基茎加粗,同时还改变了喜树生长过程中干物质的分配,较多的干物质分配到喜树的茎和根中,而较少进入叶中;(2)UV-B辐射增强能明显增加喜树地上器官中喜树碱的含量,而对10-羟基喜树碱含量影响不明显.(3)各器官中生物碱含量与生物量的积累速率具有一定的相关性,生物量增长过快时单位质量植物体中的生物碱含量下降.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细