两株蓖麻蚕核型多角体病毒的比较研究

本文描述来源不同的两株菌麻蚕多角体病毒的形态特征和理化特性。一株为较长期饲喂马桑叶的蓖麻蚕从自然罹死的幼虫和蛹中分离的多角体病毒（简称ArscsNPV);另一株为饲喂蓖麻叶的蓖麻蚕从幼虫分离的核型多角体病毒（简称ArscsNPV);另一株为饲喂蓖麻叶的蓖麻蚕从幼虫分离的核型多角体病毒（简称ArNPV)。两株核型多角体病ArNPV多角体大小约1．2－2．0μm最大的可达2．9μm。两株NPV病毒粒子均为杆状,ArscsNPV病毒粒子大小平均为310×50nm;ArNPV病毒粒子大小为350×50nm。两株NPV均为多粒包埋型。两株NPV的多角体蛋白均为单一组分,ArscsNPV多角体蛋白分子量为27．5kd;ArNPV多角体蛋白分子量为28kd。两株NPV的病毒粒子结构多肽均含有21条多肽,其中各多肽分子量有所差异。ArscsNPV的病毒粒子多肽分子量范围为11－130kd;ArNPV病毒粒子多肽分子量范围为11－96kd,其中有11种多肽了量彼此相同包括两种主要多肽（54kd和33kd）。用SDS－苯酚提取的病毒核酸,经实验证明均为双链DNA型使用几种内切酶酶解,求得两株NPV的核酸分子量,ArscsNPV为52．4×10^6d;ArNPV为73．5×10^6d。     

棉铃虫核多角体病毒基因库及其物理图谱

本文报道棉铃虫核多角体病毒DNA经限制性内切酶BamHI酶解,琼脂糖凝胶电泳分离,得到大小不同的11种片段。所得片段与BamHI酶解的pBR_(322)质粒DNA进行体外重组并转化大肠杆菌LE392菌株。根据菌落杂交和插入片段的分子量等鉴定,证明获得11个插入了病毒DNA片段的重组质粒,但其中两个大片段克隆的分子量比原片段小。通过限制酶EcoRI和BamHI酶解片段的交叉吸印杂交及用~(32)p标记的克隆片段与病毒DNA酶解片段杂交等方法,构建了病毒基因组BamHI的物理图谱。杂交结果表明,病毒基因组主要由独特的序列组成。     

蓖麻蚕核型多角体病毒多角体蛋白基因的克隆和核苷酸序列分析

蓖麻蚕(Attacus ricini)是我国特有蚕种,以其核多角体病毒(ArNPV)为载体有可能发展成为新的基因工程表达系统,我们建立了ArNPV基因库,并亚克隆了含多角体蛋白(Ph)基因DNA片段。对该1.1kb全长DNA片段进行序列分析,确定ArNPV Ph结构基因全长735bp,与苜蓿尺蠖NPV(AcNPV)、家蚕NPV(BmNPV)同源性分别为76%和81%,ArNPV 5'端调控结构Rohrmann box与各类NPV的Ph基因相似,但3'下游序列几无同源,显示了ArNPV Ph基因结构的特征性。同时,我们还对Ph基因启动子的其它结构特点作了剖析。     

经柞蚕蛹连续继代的柞蚕核型多角体病毒酶解图谱分析

本研究对五株不同地域分离的柞蚕核型多角体病毒(Ap NPV)在柞蚕蛹体内继代后的产物进行EcoRI和SaII酶解图谱比较分析。观祭到经柞蚕蛹继代一次的五株病毒的EcoRI酶解图谱均相同;而SaII酶解图谱各有明显不同之处。其中二株病毒(ApNPV-3和Ap NPV-9)经柞蚕蛹继代1次与连续继代26次后的酶解图谱分析中,观察到,各样品的EcoRI酶解图谱仍相同,第1次与第26次的ApNPV-9的SaII酶解图谱也无明显差异。但第1次与第26次的ApNPV-3的SaII酶解图谱却有明显差异。结果提示:ApN     

七株昆虫核型多角体病毒基因组同源性的测定

应用限制性内切酶图谱分析法,结合Southern印迹法和核酸杂交技术,对茶毛虫、棉蛉虫,油桐尺蠖、斜纹夜蛾以及蓖麻蚕等5种昆虫的7株核型多角体病毒DNA,进行了基因组同源性测定。结果表明,不同种昆虫多角体病毒DNA的酶切图谱不相同,DNA片段与不同源的DNA标记探针之间无杂交带出现。而同种昆虫病毒的不同分离株间,除少数DNA片段的电泳迁移率稍有不同,以及出现一些互不相同的亚克分子带之外,它们的DNA酶切图谱基本一致,並且几乎所有片段都可与同种的标记探钟杂交。对一些DNA片段迁移率的改变及亚克分子带出现的原因进行了讨论。     

鹅源腺病毒基因组DNA物理图谱的构建

将鹅源腺病毒Y81G4株全基因组DNA的HindⅢ酶切片段分别插入质粒pUC18, 成功构建了全基因组DNA文库.在此基础上,将重组质粒携带的插入片段切出、回收并分别用地高辛标记后作为探针,与经限制酶BamHI、EcoRI、PstI、Eco RV消化的病毒基因组DNA进行Southern Blotting,杂交结果经比较综合后获得了该病毒基因组DNA的HindⅢ、Ba mH I、EcoR I、PstI、EcoR V限制性内切酶的物理图谱.利用已发表的含有鸡EDS76病毒AA-2 株基因组DNA右末端的重组质粒pBE42作为探针,与本病毒两末端重组质粒进行Southern Blo tting,根据同源性杂交结果确定了本病毒基因组DNA物理图谱与EDSVAA-2株相应的方向. 本病毒基础因组DNA物理图谱的精确构建,为进行基因组结构分析,筛选复制非必需区,构建禽腺病毒载体打下了基础.     

薄荷伪造桥虫多角体病毒及其核酸的限制性内切酶酶解分析

本文描述了从薄荷伪造桥虫(Argrogramma agnata stgr.)幼虫分离到的一种核型多角体病毒的形态以及采用简便的方法提取的核酸,经限制性内切酶 EcoRI,BamHI,HindⅢ,BglⅠ,BglⅡ和BglⅠ+BglⅡ,BamHl+EcoRl 酶解,获得该病毒核酸的酶解带谱。以入 DNA 的 EcoRl 酶解片段在凝胶中的迁移率与相应 DNA 片段分子量的对数值作标准曲线。从曲线上求得薄荷伪造桥虫多角体病毒核酸酶解各片段的分子量.此病毒核酸的平均分子量为108.51×10~6道尔顿。     

柞蚕核多角体病毒核多角体基因的定位和克隆

通过Southern转印杂交证明,柞蚕核多角体病毒(Antheraea pernyi nuclear polyhedrosis virus,ApNPV)核多角体基因位于该病毒基因组DNA Bam HⅠ D和E片段上,我们巳将这两个片段分别克隆到pAT153质粒中,并用末端杂交法确定了ApNPV核多角体基因的方向,对含有这一基因的片段进行了限制性内切酶图谱分析,进而对这一基因部分编码区进行了核苷酸序列分析,在用ApNPV这一段序列(222bp)与其他昆虫核多角体病毒AcNPV(AutograPha californica NPV,苜蓿丫纹夜蛾NPV);BmNPV(Bombyx mory NPV,家蚕NPV);OpNPV(Orqyia Pseudotsugata NPV,黄杉毒蛾NPV)核多角体基因相应区段相比较分析中,发现它们之间的同源核苷酸序列比率分别为77.5％、84％和80％。     

三种核型多角体病毒核酸同源性的研究

用分子杂交技术研究了黑点银纹夜蛾(Arqyrogramma agnata Stgr,)单粒包埋型核型多角体病毒(简称A,A,SNPV),斜纹夜蛾(Prodenia litura)多粒包埋型核型多角体病毒(简称PL MNPV)以及用A,A,SNPV感染斜纹夜蛾幼虫所获得的多粒包埋型核型多角体病毒(暂称PoI MNPV)三种病毒核酸的同源性,用SDS-Tris酚法分别提取病毒核酸,用内切酶Eco RⅠ酶解,比较了病毒核酸的酶解图谱及分子量,用〔α-~(32)P〕dATP标记的三种病毒核酸Eco RⅠ酶解片段作探针,分别与各病毒核酸的Eco RI酶解片段杂交,结果表明PoI MNPV与PL MNPV的病毒核酸同源,而A,A,SNPV DNA不与PoI MNPV DNA、PL MNPV DNA杂交,无同源序列。     

家蚕核型多角体病毒突变株的研究——Ⅱ.空斑法克隆及限制酶酶解分析

本研究工作用空斑技术纯化了遗传上均一的家蚕核型多角体病毒大方块包涵体株—NPVmt,而且用这种方法可以精确的进行病毒定量。通过病理学、血清学、电镜、核酸呈色反应以及NPVmt-DNA的核酸内切酶EcoRI、XbaI、BamHI的分析,在同条件下与Bm SNPV作了比较,表明NPVmt不仅包涵体突变成大方块形,而且在基因组的结构水平上与Bm SNPV有显著差异。     

A cloned chromosomal DNA fragment which differentiates Yersinia pestis from Yersinia pseudotuberculosis and Yersinia enterocolitica

Chromosomal DNA from reference Yersinia strains was digested individually with 9 restriction endonucleases. DNA fragments were separated and analyzed by electrophoresis through agarose gels. The clearest fragment patterns were obtained when EcoRI was employed. The Y. pestis fragment pattern obtained after the use of this enzyme showed the presence of a unique DNA fragment with molecular mass 1400 bp. This DNA fragment was cloned, purified, labeled with 32P and then used to probe EcoRI digests of all three Yersinia species. A strong hybridization signal was obtained with Y. pestis strain. No such signal was found with Y. pseudotuberculosis or Y. enterocolitica. These results indicate that the DNA fragment is species specific and could be used as a diagnostic DNA probe for Y. pestis.     

萘降解质粒ND1.860和NAH7的DNA同源性研究

通过DNA:DNA杂交技术,用NAH7质粒的全部EcoR Ⅰ片段或ECOR Ⅰ A片段作为~(32)P标记的DNA探针,研究了萘降解质粒ND1.860和NAH7之间的DNA同源性。在ND1.860的9个HindⅢ片段中,5个与NAH7有同源性,其中3个与NAH7的编码萘降解途径的EcoR Ⅰ A片段有同源性。     

Molecular cloning and expression of Rhizobium fredii USDA 193 nodulation genes: extension of host range for nodulation.

DNA hybridization with the cloned nodulation region of Rhizobium meliloti as a probe revealed DNA homology with four HindIII fragments, 12.5, 6.8, 5.2, and 0.3 kilobases (kb) in size, of the symbiotic plasmid pRjaUSDA193. Both hybridization and complementation studies suggest that the common nodulation genes nodABC and nodD of R. fredii USDA 193 are present on the 5.2-kb HindIII and 2.8-kb EcoRI fragments, respectively, of the Sym plasmid. Both fragments together could confer nodulation ability on soybeans when present in Sym plasmid-cured (Sym-) and wild-type (Sym+) Rhizobium strains or in a Ti plasmid-cured Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain. Furthermore, the 2.8-kb EcoRI fragment alone was able to form nodulelike structures on Glycine max L. cv. "Peking" (soybean). Microscopic examination of these nodules revealed bacterial invasion of the cells, probably via root hair penetration. Bacterial strains harboring plasmids carrying the 5.2- and 2.8-kb nod fragments elicited root-hair-curling responses on infection. These data suggest that the genes responsible for host range determination and some of the early events of nodulation may be coded for by the 5.2-kb HindIII and 2.8-kb EcoRI fragments.     

Restriction enzyme analysis of the Plasmid ColIb DNA

Summary Plasmid ColIb (61.5 Mdal) was digested with restriction enzymes EcoRI and HindIII. The DNA digestion products were separated by electrophoresis on 1.2% agarose gels. There were identified 22 fragments of ColIb DNA generated by the endonuclease EcoRI and 21 fragments produced by HindIII. Molecular weights of the fragments were estimated. The total molecular weight of the fragments generated by EcoRI was 61.42 Mdal and for HindIII fragments 62.79 Mdal.     

Malaria and Leishmania parasites share the knob-associated histidine-rich protein gene sequences

1. The main coding region of the knob-associated histidine-rich protein (KAHRP) gene of Plasmodium falciparum hydridized with genomic DNA of Leishmania donovani. 2. A total of five EcoRI fragments of various sizes (7.5, 5.5, 3.2, 0.75 and 0.56 Kb) were recognized by this probe, under lower stringent conditions. However, under a higher stringency of washing, two of the smallest fragments were washed away. 3. Out of these EcoRI fragments, the 5.5 Kb band showed a maximum homology with the probe which contains the histidine-rich coding sequences, whereas the 3.2 Kb band showed none. Thus there is a possibility that the Leishmania parasite also contains a KAHRP-like gene.     

Interspersion of mouse satellite deoxyribonucleic acid sequences

DNA sequences with homology to the major (A + T)-rich mouse satellite component were localized in CsCl gradients by hybridization with a labeled satellite cRNA probe. Although, as expected, most of the hybridization was to DNA in the satellite-rich shoulder, substantial radioactive cRNA hybridized with DNA from denser regions of the gradient. Further examination revealed that hybridization to main-band DNA was not due to physical trapping of satellite DNA in the gradient, and melting experiments argue that the associated radioactivity was due to true RNA/DNA hybridization. Nearest-neighbor analysis of hybridized [alpha-32P]CTP-labeled l-strand cRNA indicates that hybridization to main-band DNA is by the satellite cRNA and not a contaminant. Together, these data argue that mouse satellite-like sequences are interspersed within the main-band fraction of DNA. For the support of this contention, total mouse DNA, purified main-band DNA, and purified satellite DNA were digested with EcoRI, sedimented in a sucrose gradient, and hybridized with labeled satellite cRNA. Mouse satellite DNA is not cleaved with EcoRI, so that purified EcoRI-digested satellite DNA sediments as a high molecular weight component. When total mouse DNA is digested with EcoRI, the majority of satellite-like sequences remain as high molecular weight DNA; however, significant amounts of satellite-like sequences sediment with the bulk of the lower molecular weight digested DNA, lending further credence to the argument that satellite-like sequences are interspersed with main-band DNA.     

痢疾志贺氏Ⅰ型菌毒素基因的克隆与表达

The chromosomal DNA of S. dysenteriae type I W30864 was isolated and digested by EcoRI. The 3-7 kb DNA fragments were recovered and ligated with vector pUC-19. After transformation, the recombinants were screened by SLT gene probe. The positive clones were obtained. The cloned EcoRI fragment containing both ST-A and ST-B subunit gene was about 4.5 kb. The cloned ST strain was also detected by Hela-S3 cell for cytotoxicity, and detected by rabbit ileal loop test for enterotoxicity. Besides, the cloned strain showed the neurotoxic activity when experimented with mouse. The production of shiga toxin in the cloned strain was 16 times of that of its parent strain S. dysenteriae W30864. The production differences between ST producing stains and SLT producing strain was also tested in our experiment.     

Gene amplification induces mucoid phenotype in rec-2 Pseudomonas aeruginosa exposed to kanamycin.

Gene amplification in the chromosome of rec-2 Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO2003 upon growth on kanamycin-supplemented media led to a stable mucoid phenotype. The chromosomal region controlling alginate biosynthesis was shown to be amplified four to six times as a direct tandem repeat of at least 16.8 kilobase pairs. This amplification was deduced from Southern DNA-DNA hybridization patterns of the chromosomal DNA digested with restriction endonucleases BglII and EcoRI and probed with a cloned DNA segment complementing the alg-22 mutation. The part of the amplified unit carrying the novel DNA joint was cloned. The EcoRI junction fragment was further subcloned and used to probe chromosomes of parental strain PAO2003 and mucoid variant VD2003M. As predicted, the EcoRI junction fragment hybridized to the two chromosomal fragments required to produce the novel junction. Though the mucoid phenotype caused by gene amplification was stable, nonmucoid revertants were obtained at a low frequency on tetracycline-containing media. Southern hybridization of chromosomal DNA from a nonmucoid revertant revealed a reduction in the copy number of amplified DNA. These results suggest a direct relationship between amplification of this chromosomal segment and the induction of mucoidy.