miR-26a抑制转化生长因子β诱导的韧带成纤维细胞增殖

目的:研究miR-26a对转化生长因子-β(Transforming growth factor-β,TGF-β)诱导的韧带成纤维细胞增殖的影响。方法:原代分离大鼠肩周韧带成纤维细胞,通过免疫荧光鉴定细胞纯度,应用脂质体细胞转染miRNA模拟物的方式过表达miR-26a,定量PCR的方法检测miR-26a模拟物的过表达效率,CCK8法检测细胞增殖能力的变化,生物信息学预测的方法分析miR-26a可能的作用靶基因。结果:免疫荧光检测发现原代分离细胞中,Vimentin阳性细胞在90%以上;转染miR-26a模拟物后,细胞内miR-26a水平显著高于阴性对照组(P0.05);TGF-β刺激明显促进韧带成纤维细胞生长(P0.01),而miR-26a则对TGF-β诱导的韧带成纤维细胞增殖具有显著的抑制作用(P0.01);生物信息学预测显示SMAD1/4、EIF4G2、PTEN和MARK1可能是miR-26a影响细胞增殖的作用靶基因。结论:miR-26a可抑制TGF-β诱导的韧带成纤维细胞增殖。     

MicroRNA-146a抑制胶质瘤细胞增殖的研究

目的:检测胶质瘤中miR-146a的表达水平,并研究miR-146a对胶质瘤细胞增殖的影响。方法:应用实时定量PCR的方法检测胶质瘤组织和癌旁组织中miR-146a的表达水平,采用脂质体细胞转染miRNA模拟物的方式过表达miR-146a,MTT法检测转染后细胞的增殖率,利用在线软件targetScan预测miRNA可能的靶基因。结果:miR-146a在胶质瘤组织中表达明显降低(P<0.01),相对表达水平为癌旁组织的35%,细胞转染miR-146a模拟物后,miR-146a表达明显增加,癌细胞增殖率明显降低(P<0.01),仅为原细胞的47%。Notch1基因是miR-146a影响胶质瘤细胞增殖活力的可能靶基因。结论:miR-146a可能通过抑制Notch1基因的表达调控胶质瘤细胞的增殖。     

miR-133a mimics对骨肉瘤细胞系MG63增殖和凋亡作用的影响

目的:研究采用miR-133a mimics瞬时转染骨肉瘤细胞系MG63对其细胞增殖和凋亡作用的影响.方法:采用miR-133a mimics瞬时转染骨肉瘤细胞系MG63,以miR-negative control(NC)mimics作为阴性对照.通过RT-PCR法检测miR-133a在转录水平的表达,CCK法检测其对增殖的影响,采用流式细胞仪检测miR-133a mimics对MG63细胞凋亡作用的影响.利用生物信息学方法预测miR-133a的靶基因,并对其靶基因进行基因功能分析.结果:(1)miR-133a mimics成功转染MG63细胞,并经RT-PCR检测可有效表达.(2)转染48h后,miR-133a mimics组与miR-NC mimics组比较,增值活性明显降低(P＜0.01).(3)miR-133amimics组与miR-NC mimics组和正常细胞相比,其凋亡率显著上升(P＜0.01).(4)生物信息学方法预测miR-133a的靶基因,部分发挥抑制细胞增殖和凋亡的作用.结论:miR-133a对人骨肉瘤细胞MG63的增殖和凋亡能力可能存在调控作用,可能成为骨肉瘤治疗的潜在候选靶点.     

MicroRNA-146a抑制胶质瘤细胞增殖的研究

目的：检测胶质瘤中miR-146a的表达水平,并研究miR-146a对胶质瘤细胞增殖的影响。方法：应用实时定量PCR的方法检测胶质瘤组织和癌旁组织中miR-146a的表达水平,采用脂质体细胞转染miRNA模拟物的方式过表达miR-146a,MTT法检测转染后细胞的增殖率,利用在线软件targetScan预测miRNA可能的靶基因。结果：miR-146a在胶质瘤组织中表达明显降低（P〈0.01）,相对表达水平为癌旁组织的35%,细胞转染miR-146a模拟物后,miR-146a表达明显增加,癌细胞增殖率明显降低（P〈0.01）,仅为原细胞的47%。Notch1基因是miR-146a影响胶质瘤细胞增殖活力的可能靶基因。结论：miR-146a可能通过抑制Notch1基因的表达调控胶质瘤细胞的增殖。     

MicroRNA-1在心肌肥大中对L-型钙通道β2亚基的负性调控作用

目的:研究微小RNA-1(microRNA-1,miR-1)在心肌细胞肥大中对L-型钙通道β2亚基(Cavβ2)的负性调控作用及机制。方法:应用异丙肾上腺素(ISO)诱导心肌细胞肥大;采用HJ2000通用图像分析系统测定心肌细胞表面积;应用数据库microCosm预测miR-1的靶基因;构建含Cavβ23’UTR报告基因质粒和miR-1瞬时共转染HEK293细胞,验证Cavβ2为miR-1靶基因;应用qRT-PCR或Western blot方法检测心房钠尿肽(ANP)、β-肌球蛋白重链(β-MHC)、miR-1和Cavβ2mRNA和蛋白表达水平;转染miR-1模拟物上调miR-1或应用Cavβ2RNAi干扰Cavβ2蛋白的表达,观察对心肌细胞肥大的影响。结果:①在ISO诱导的心肌细胞肥大中,miR-1表达显著下降;应用miR-1 mimic转染心肌细胞使miR-1表达上调,心肌细胞表面积、ANP和β-MHC mRNA表达均显著低于ISO组(P<0.05)。②网络数据库预测显示Cavβ2为miR-1的潜在靶点;将miR-1和含Cavβ23’UTR报告基因质粒共转染HEK293细胞,其萤光值显著降低(P<0.01)。转染miR-1 mimic使心肌细胞miR-1表达上调,可以明显抑制Cavβ2蛋白的表达。③在ISO诱导心肌细胞肥大中Cavβ2表达较对照组显著增加;应用RNAi技术下调Cavβ2表达可明显抑制心肌细胞表面积、ANP和β-MHC mRNA表达的增加。结论:预测并验证L-型钙通道β2亚基为miR-1的靶基因。miR-1可能通过抑制其靶基因Cavβ2蛋白的表达,降低细胞内钙离子浓度,抑制心肌细胞肥大。     

miR-148a在5-aza诱导间充质干细胞心肌样分化中的调控作用及机制

目的：探讨miR-148a在5-aza诱导人骨髓间充质（hMSCs）成心肌样分化中的表达及miR-148a对hMSCs体外成心肌样分化的生物学作用。方法：免疫荧光检测5-aza诱导hMSCs分化后心肌细胞特异性标志物α-MHC表达水平;qRT-PCR和Western blot分别检测miR-148a和DNMT1在hMSCs成肌样分化中的表达水平。利用Lipofectamine TM 2000将miR-148a mimics和miR-148a inhibitor分别瞬时转染hMSCs,Western blot检测心肌细胞特异性标志物α-MHC的蛋白表达水平。利用生物信息学技术预测miR-148a的靶基因结合位点利用双荧光素酶报告基因系统鉴定其对靶基因3'UTR的结合序列。通过DNMT1 shRNA和miR-148a inhibitors共转到hMSCs中,研究miR-148a在hMSCs成心肌样分化中的调控作用。结果：hMSCs经5-aza诱导分化后,心肌细胞特性标志物α-MHC蛋白水平明显上调。miR-148a在hBMSCs成肌样分化中显著性增加（P<0.01）,DNMT1表达水平显著降低。过表达miR-148a能提高hBMSC中心肌细胞特异性标志物α-MHC表达水平,而抑制miR-148a则能降低其水平（P<0.01）。DNMT1沉默可以阻断miR-148a对hMSCs的诱导成肌样分化作用。结论：miR-148a在hMCCs成肌样分化中表达上调,通过靶定和调控DNMT1基因的表达,并对hMSCs心肌向分化具有正向调控作用。     

miRNA-27a靶向SPRY2对退变椎间盘血管长入生成作用的影响

摘要 目的：探讨miRNA-27a靶向调控 Sprouty 同源物2（Sprouty Homolog 2, SPRY2）对人髓核细胞系（nucleus pulposus cells, NPCs）诱导人微血管内皮细胞（Human microvascular vascular endothelial cells, HMEC-1）血管生成作用的影响。方法：收集脊柱侧弯和椎间盘退变（Intervertebral disc degeneration, IDD）患者的椎间盘组织分别作为对照组和IDD组,通过miRNA芯片筛选差异表达的miRNA。RT-qPCR和荧光原位杂交实验验证组织中miR-27a的表达水平。慢病毒转染细胞,细胞分为Control组（未转染）;NC组（转染慢病毒空载）;sh-miR-27a组（转染 miR-27a抑制慢病毒）;miR-27a组（转染 miR-27a过表达慢病毒）;SPRY2组（转染 SPRY2 过表达慢病毒）及miR-27a +SPRY2组（转染miR-27a和SPRY2 过表达慢病毒）。RT-qPCR检测髓核细胞中miR-27a和SPRY2的表达。双荧光素酶报告基因实验验证miR-27a和SPRY2的靶向关系。将经过不同处理的髓核细胞条件培养基与完全培养基混合培养HMEC-1细胞,Transwell和管腔形成实验检测HMEC-1细胞的侵袭和血管生成能力。免疫荧光和ELISA检测髓核细胞和混合培养基中转化生长因子-β1(Transforming growth factor-β1, TGF-β1)含量。结果：与对照组椎间盘组织相比,IDD组miR-27a表达明显增加。与NC组相比,SPRY2在sh-miR-27a组中表达升高（P<0.05）,miR-27a组中表达降低（P<0.05）。与NC组相比,miR-27a组HMEC-1细胞侵袭和血管生成能力增强（P<0.05）,TGF-β1表达上升（P<0.05）;SPRY2组HMEC-1细胞侵袭数减少（P<0.05）,管腔样结构未形成。与miR-27a组相比,miR-27a+SPRY2组HMEC-1细胞侵袭和血管生成能力下降（P<0.05）,TGF-β1表达下降（P<0.05）。结论：miRNA-27a通过靶向抑制SPRY2的表达促进髓核细胞诱导HMEC-1细胞成血管能力。     

微小RNA-451a对胰腺癌BxPc3细胞增殖、侵袭及迁移的影响

摘要 目的：研究微小RNA（miR）-451a对胰腺癌BxPc3细胞增殖、侵袭和迁移的影响。方法：体外培养BxPc3细胞,将不同浓度（50、100 和 200 μmol/L）miR-451a模拟物（mimic）转染至胰腺癌细胞株BxPc3中,利用荧光定量聚合酶链式反应（ PCR）法检测miR-451a的表达,MTT增殖实验检测不同浓度miR-451a对细胞增殖的影响,细胞划痕实验检测不同浓度miR-451a对细胞迁移能力的影响,Transwell实验检测不同浓度miR-451a对细胞侵袭能力的影响。Western blot法检测不同浓度 miR-451a转染后BxPc3细胞p-PI3K、p-AKT、TGF-β和p-smad2/3 蛋白的表达情况。结果：转染不同浓度miR-451a mimic后,胰腺癌BxPc3细胞内miR-451a的相对表达量明显升高,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。过表达miR-451a后,BxPc3细胞的增殖能力明显减弱,细胞迁移能力明显减弱,细胞侵袭能力明显减弱,差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。相比于0 μmol/L 组,转染50、200 μmol/L miR-451a后BxPc3 细胞p-PI3K、p-AKT、TGF-β和p-smad2/3蛋白表达水平明显降低（P<0.05）,并且p-PI3K、p-AKT、TGF-β和p-smad2/3蛋白表达水平变化具有浓度依耐性。结论：miR-451a能抑制胰腺癌BxPc3细胞株的增殖、迁移、侵袭能力。     

miRNA-181a在胃癌细胞增殖和迁移中的作用

miRNA与恶性肿瘤患者的诊断和预后密切相关,为了考察miRNA-181a在胃癌细胞增殖和迁移中的作用,本研究检测了miRNA-181a在胃癌组织中的表达,并通过对人胃癌细胞系MGC-803转染miR-181a模拟物或抑制剂来考察miR-181a对细胞迁移和增殖的影响。RT-PCR显示,miRNA-181a在胃癌组织中的表达水平显著高于癌旁组织(p<0.05)。伤口愈合实验和Transwell实验显示,转染miR-181a抑制剂或TGF-β受体2(TGFβR2)过表达的pcDNA3.1质粒均可抑制MGC-803细胞的迁移。EdU实验和CCK-8实验显示,转染miR-181a抑制剂或TGFβR2过表达的pcDNA3.1质粒均可抑制MGC-803细胞的增殖。此外,miR-181a抑制剂处理可使TGFβR2蛋白表达明显升高。然而,miR-181a模拟物或抑制剂处理后TGFβR2mRNA水平没有显著变化。总之,本研究表明高表达的miR-181a通过在转录后抑制TGFβR2蛋白表达来促进胃癌细胞的迁移和增殖。miR-181a有望成为胃癌的潜在治疗靶点。     

microRNAs参与韧带成纤维细胞成骨分化相关分子表达的调节

韧带成纤维细胞成骨分化与强直性脊柱炎等多种异位骨化相关性疾病有关,但其机制尚不清楚.本研究目的在于观察韧带成纤维细胞在成骨分化过程中microRNA和mRNA的表达谱变化,以期为揭示成纤维细胞成骨分化机制提供研究基础.原代培养韧带成纤维细胞、地塞米松、抗坏血酸和β 磷酸甘油体外诱导其成骨分化, RT-PCR检测成骨标志物骨钙素和Runx2的表达.采用表达谱基因芯片分析诱导0、7、14 d后韧带成纤维细胞的microRNAs和mRNAs表达,并用实时定量PCR（RT-qPCR）和Western印迹方法验证生物信息学分析结果.结果显示,与未诱导前相比,成骨分化第7 d有66个microRNAs和640个mRNA表达上调,94个microRNAs和744个mRNA表达下调;成骨分化第14 d有58个microRNAs和781个mRNA表达上调,96个microRNAs和603个mRNA表达下调.实时定量PCR和Western印迹验证结果显示,miR-29b在成骨分化过程中表达上调,TGFβ3表达水平降低,与芯片结果一致,miR-29b通过抑制TGFβ3蛋白的翻译来促进Runx2的表达,从而促进韧带成纤维细胞向成骨细胞分化.韧带成纤维细胞成骨分化过程中,microRNA调控基因及mRNA差异表达基因除涉及BMPs、Wnt和Ihh等信号通路外,在成纤维细胞成骨分化过程中可能还存在其它的新机制.     

六种藓类植物茎的比较解剖学研究

通过对6种藓类植物,即褶叶青藓(Brachythecium salebrosum(Web.et Mohr.)B.S.G.)、湿地匐灯藓(Plagiomnium acutum(Lindb.)Kop.)、侧枝匐灯藓(Plagiomnium maximoviczii(Lindb.)Kop.)、大凤尾藓(Fissidensnobilis Griff.)、大羽藓(Thuidium cymbifolium(Doz.et Molk.)B.S.G.)和大灰藓(Hypnum plumaeforme Wils.)嫩茎和老茎的石蜡切片和显微观察发现,同一藓类植株的嫩茎和老茎,茎结构稳定,不同种藓类植物茎横切面具有不同特征.植物体茎横切面形状、表层细胞的层数、细胞大小和细胞壁厚薄、皮层细胞大小和形状、中轴的有无以及比例等特征可以作为藓类植物的分科分类依据之一.     

Cause of Senescence of Nine Sorts of Flowers

The levels of endogenous phytohormones and respiratory rate in nine sorts of flowers such as Cymbidium faberi Rolfe, Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth and others were investigated both at full bloom and senescence and meanwhile the effect of exogenous phytohormones on prolonging the blossoms and promoting ethylene production were tested. There is a high content of endogenous ethylene in all the long-lived flowere, about 3–16 folds higer than the short-lived ones. There is a high level of ABA at full blooming flowers of short-lived flowers, in which there is no or only some cytokinins in it, but the ratio of CTK (6BA+zeatin)/ABA is smaller(l.7). The endogenous ABA reached a much higher level at senescence in all nine sorts of flowers, so it is reasonable to consider that it is ABA which plays an important role of regulation in controlling flower's senescence. There is a much higher level of GA3 and zeatin in the long-lived flowers which is not demonstrated in the shortlived ones. The respiratory rate is one of the factors controtling the longevity of flowers, but it does not play a decided role. Application of 6BA and zeatin prolongs distinctly orchid’s longevity, however exogenous IAA through the promotive action on ethylene production, evidently extends the longevity of the flowers of the Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth.     

龙胆科药用植物化学成分的研究现状

龙胆科植物在我国的分布范围很广,且多数为药用植物,其多数种属的药用植物,至今其化学成分尚未被系统研究。综述了目前龙胆科药用植物的化学成分的研究现状及一般提取方法,对近年来发现的环烯醚萜及裂环烯醚萜类化合物进行了总结,为本科药用植物的更深入研究提供了参考。     

真菌类遗传学分析的知识结构教学

本文以认知结构理论为指导,讨论了真菌类遗传分析与高等动植物遗传分析的内在联系,认为利用这种内在联系进行教学可收到好的效果并说明了作者的具体教学过程。 Abstract:In the paper, the relationship between genetic analysis of Fungi and genetic analysis of high animal and plant was discussed.A good results were obtained when we adopted this method in the teaching.     

The effects of glutamine of the maintenance of embryogenic cultures of Cryptomeria japonica

Summary Embryogenic tissues of sugi (Cryptomeria japonica) were induced on a modified Campbell and Durzan (CD) medium containing 1 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 600 mg l⁻¹ glutamine, and subcultured in the medium of the same composition for over 1 yr. This resulted in a mixed culture of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells. When embryogenic cells were isolated and cultured independently, their capacity to form embryogenic aggregates was lost. Thus, the non-embryogenic cells present within a mixed culture system were essential to the formation of embryogenic aggregates. When embryogenic tissues were isolated and cultured independently on a high glutamine-containing (2400 mg l⁻¹) medium, dry weights and endogenous levels of glutamine increased, and the tissue could generate a large number of embryogenic aggregates. Amino acid analysis of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells from the maintenance culture indicated a higher level of glutamine was present in the latter. The high endogenous level of glutamine in the non-embryogenic portion of mixed cell masses may be the supplier of glutamine for maintaining the embryogenic property of the tissues.     

Specificity of action of piperidylcholine derivatives as substrates of cholinesterases of various origin

The review deals with study of enzymologic properties of a novel highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate, N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium iodomethylate (“piperidylcholine”), and its 30 derivatives that were tested as effectors of cholinesterases of mammals and various species of Pacific squids. It was proven for the first time that responsible for specificity of action was structure of cyclic ammonium grouping of the alcohol part of molecule of the ester substrate. Analysis of specificity is performed based on enzymatic hydrolysis parameters—activity of catalytic center of cholinesterases and bimolecular constant of the reaction rate that are determined at optimal and low substrate concentrations. Among the specially synthesized group of thioester compounds there is revealed one more highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate—N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium.     

医疗机构合理用药评价模型的构建研究

目的 针对医疗机构的合理用药水平进行评价研究。方法 根据医疗机构合理用药的具体要求,构建医疗机构合理用药评价指标体系,采用基于模糊群决策的方法和多指标评价分析法构建医疗机构合理用药评价模型。结果 构建了基于模糊群决策的医疗机构合理用药评价模型,并通过实例分析证明了评价模型的可行性。结论 建立的基于模糊群决策的医疗机构合理用药评价模型能够对医疗机构的合理用药水平进行科学评价,为提高医疗机构合理用药水平奠定基础。     

Photoregulation of seed germination of wild-type and of an aurea-mutant of tomato

Seed germination of an aurea mutant of tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is promoted by continuous irradiation with red, far-red or long-wavelength far-red (758 nm) light as well as by cyclic irradiations (5 min red or 5 min far-red/25 min darkness). Far-red light applied immediately after each red does not change the germination behaviour. Seed germination of the isogenic wild-type, cv. UC-105, is promoted by continuous and cyclic red light while it is inhibited by continuous and cyclic far-red light and by continious 758 nm irradiation. Far-red irradiation reverses almost completely the promoting effect of red light. The promoting effect (in the aurea mutant) and the inhibitory effect (in the wild-type) of continuous far-red light do not show photon fluence rate dependency above 20 nmol m⁻² s⁻¹. It is concluded that phytochrome controls tomato seed germination throgh low energy responses in both the wild type and the au mutant. The promoting effect of continuous and cyclic far-red light in the au mutant can be attributed to a greater sensitivity to P_fr.