广西高原鳅属鱼类一穴居新种记述

2003年1月,在广西壮族自治区天峨县红水河水系地下河采集到一批盲鱼标本。经鉴定,为高原鳅属Triplophysa一未经发表的新种。新种天峨高原鳅Triplophysa tianeensis sp．nov．与个旧盲高原鳅T．gejiuensis、石林盲高原鳅T．shilinensis、阿庐高原鳅T．aluensis和南丹高原鳅T．nandanensis相似;本新种腹鳍末端不达肛门,尾鳍分枝鳍条16,可进一步与个旧盲高原鳅和石林盲高原鳅(腹鳍末端达到肛门,尾鳍分枝鳍条14-15)相区别;本新种背鳍起点位于体之中点、腹鳍起点之后,肛门紧靠臀鳍起点,可进一步与阿庐高原鳅(背鳍起点靠近吻端、位于腹鳍起点之前,肛门距臀鳍起点仍有一段距离)相区别。本新种与同分布于红水河水系的南丹高原鳅Triplophysa nandanensis Lan et al.较为相似;但二者区别明显：新种背鳍分枝鳍条7、胸鳍分枝鳍条9、腹鳍分枝鳍条6、背鳍外缘平截、背鳍起点位于腹鳍起点之后,后者背鳍分枝鳍条8、胸鳍分枝鳍条10～11、腹鳍分枝鳍条7、背鳍外缘凹入、背鳍起点位于腹鳍起点之前;此外,新种的穴居特征更为显著：眼极度退化、头长为眼径16．8—32．8(25．0)倍、部分个体无色素斑且各鳍无斑点,而南丹高原鳅眼小、头长为眼径4．7～9．0(7．5)倍、体和头背侧密布云状斑且各鳍均具点状斑。     

中国贵州省穴居盲鳅一新种(鲤形目,爬鳅科)

记述了采集于贵州省荔波县佳荣镇水井湾溶洞(25°28’N,108°06’E)适应洞穴环境的鳅类1新种:佳荣盲高原鳅Triplophysa jiarongensis sp.nov.。新种与之前记录的7种分布于西江水系的高原鳅(阿庐高原鳅、个旧盲高原鳅、长须盲高原鳅、巨头高原鳅、邱北盲高原鳅、石林盲高原鳅和天峨高原鳅)同属典型洞穴鱼类,都具有一系列与洞穴环境有关的适应性特征。新种与本属其它种类的区别主要为:胸鳍长,后伸达腹鳍起点;尾鳍微凹形;体表色素退化,光滑裸露无鳞;背鳍截形,起点位于腹鳍起点略后方;腹鳍后伸盖过泄殖孔;臀鳍截形;尾柄上下缘存在脂状鳍褶;背鳍分支鳍条8;臀鳍分支鳍条6;胸鳍分支鳍条11;脊椎骨总数4+34;眼完全退化,外观无痕迹;鳔前室被骨质鳔囊包裹,后室发达膨大呈游离膜质鳔。此外还介绍了其栖息地概况和部分生态学信息。     

广西云南鳅属鱼类一新种记述

2003年5月,在广西壮族自治区都安县高岭乡红水河水系采集到一批条鳅标本。经鉴定,为云南鳅属(Yunnanilius)一未经发表的新种。新种长须云南鳅(Yunnanilus longibarbatus sp.nov.)属于黑斑云南鳅种组(Yunnanilus nigromaculatusgroup),并与黑斑云南鳅[Y.nigromaculatus(Regan)]、钝吻云南鳅(Y.obtusirostris Yang)、长背云南鳅(Y.longidorsalisLi,Tao et Lu)和巴江云南鳅(Y.bajingensisLi)等4种最为相似。长背云南鳅背鳍分枝鳍条11根,颌须短,仅达眼中部,背鳍起点距吻端较距尾鳍基为近,可与包括本种在内的其余4种相区别(背鳍分枝鳍条8-9根,颌须达到或超过眼后缘,背鳍起点距吻端较距尾鳍基为远)。本种和钝吻云南鳅上颌中央无齿状突、下颌中央无缺刻,可与黑斑云南鳅和巴江云南鳅相区别。本种在鳍条数、上下颌、背鳍起点的位置、尾鳍形状、鳞片、头部侧线管孔、体侧纵纹等方面与钝吻云南鳅最为相似,但本种可藉多个特征与后者相区别:颌须伸过眼后缘至鳃盖后缘的中点至鳃盖后缘,是已知云南鳅中须最长的;背鳍不分枝鳍条下1/3处具一不显著黑色斑点(vs.无斑);体侧纵纹,其宽窄于眼径,较大个体背鳍之前的纵纹被虫状纹取代(vs.体侧纵纹始终存在,其宽约等于眼径);头背具斑点(vs.无斑);尾柄较细长,体长/尾柄长=5.3-6.1(vs.7.4-9.0,尾柄长/尾柄高=1.3-1.8vs.0.8-1.1)。     

中国广西盲鳅一新种——环江高原鳅(英文)

2007年4月,在广西壮族自治区环江县川山镇乐衣村附近一洞穴采集到一批盲鳅类标本。经鉴定,为高原鳅属(Triplophysa)鱼类一新种,被命名为环江高原鳅(Triplophysa huangjiangensis)。该新种以以下组合特征与高原鳅属的其他已知种类相区别:无眼;通体无鳞;尾鳍分叉;尾柄上、下叶具发达的软鳍褶;背鳍后缘平截;背鳍起点距尾鳍基的距离短于距吻端的距离;背鳍分枝鳍条数为8~9;胸鳍分枝鳍条数为10~11;腹鳍分枝鳍条数为6~7;臀鳍分枝鳍条数为6;尾鳍分枝数为13~14;胸鳍长为胸鳍起点至腹鳍起点间距的52.3%~70.7%;腹鳍起点位于背鳍起点之前下方;外侧吻须最长,为侧面头长的47.0%~73.8%;前鼻孔位于一短管中,末端延长呈须状;鳔后室发达,末端可伸达腹鳍起点。     

广西云南鳅属鱼类一新种记述

2003年5月，在广西壮族自治区都安县高岭乡红水河水系采集到一批条鳅标本。经鉴定，为云南鳅属(Yunnanilius)一未经发表的新种。新种长须云南鳅(Yunnanilus longibarbatus sp. nov.) 属于黑斑云南鳅种组(Yunnanilus nigromaculatus group)，并与黑斑云南鳅［Y. nigromaculatus (Regan)］、钝吻云南鳅(Y. obtusirostris Yang)、长背云南鳅(Y. longidorsalis Li, Tao et Lu)和巴江云南鳅(Y. bajingensis Li)等4种最为相似。长背云南鳅背鳍分枝鳍条11根，颌须短，仅达眼中部，背鳍起点距吻端较距尾鳍基为近，可与包括本种在内的其余4种相区别（背鳍分枝鳍条8—9根，颌须达到或超过眼后缘，背鳍起点距吻端较距尾鳍基为远）。本种和钝吻云南鳅上颌中央无齿状突、下颌中央无缺刻，可与黑斑云南鳅和巴江云南鳅相区别。本种在鳍条数、上下颌、背鳍起点的位置、尾鳍形状、鳞片、头部侧线管孔、体侧纵纹等方面与钝吻云南鳅最为相似，但本种可藉多个特征与后者相区别：颌须伸过眼后缘至鳃盖后缘的中点至鳃盖后缘，是已知云南鳅中须最长的；背鳍不分枝鳍条下1/3处具一不显著黑色斑点 (vs. 无斑)；体侧纵纹，其宽窄于眼径，较大个体背鳍之前的纵纹被虫状纹取代 (vs. 体侧纵纹始终存在，其宽约等于眼径)；头背具斑点 (vs. 无斑)；尾柄较细长，体长/尾柄长=5.3—6.1 (vs. 7.4—9.0，尾柄长/尾柄高=1.3—1.8 vs. 0.8—1.1)。     

广西条鳅亚科鱼类二新种（鲤形目：鳅科）

本文记述采自广西西江水系河池地区的条鳅亚科鱼类二新种。后鳍岭鳅,新种Ｏｒｅｏｎｅｃｔｅｓ ｒｅｔｒｏｄｏｒｓａｌｉｓ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．与同属种的区别主要表现在其背鳍起点的位置较后、背鳍和臀鳍分枝鳍条数目较少、尾鳍后缘凹入、头较小和属柄较短等方面。南丹高原鳅,新种Ｔｒｉｐｌｏｐｈｙｓａ ｎａｎｄａｎｅｎｓｉｓ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．则以头较大、吻较短、眼间距较狭、尾柄较短且高、背鳍分枝鳍条较多、尾鳍深叉形等易     

基于mtDNA D-loop分析高原鳅群体遗传多样性和系统发育

本研究以高原鳅属6个群体共82尾个体的线粒体DNA D-loop高变区为标记,采用分子生物信息学方法分析其遗传多样性及系统发育关系.结果表明,在570 bp的mtDNA D-loop中共检测到149个多态位点,由此界定了 39个单倍型.在6个群体中,单倍型多样度(Hd)由高到低依次为细尾高原鳅(T.stenura)(0.899)＞东方高原鳅(T.orientalis)＞似鲶高原鳅(T.siluroides)＞达里湖高原鳅(T.dalaica)/黄河高原鳅(T.pap-penheimi)＞湘西盲高原鳅(T.xiangxiensis)(0.286);核苷酸多样度(Pi)由高到低依次为似鲶高原鳅(0.042 59)＞黄河高原鳅＞细尾高原鳅＞东方高原鳅＞达里湖高原鳅＞湘西盲高原鳅(0.000 5);细尾高原鳅与湘西盲高原鳅群体间遗传距离(0.186)最大,达里湖高原鳅与东方高原鳅群体间遗传距离(0.027)最小;细尾高原鳅与达里湖高原鳅群体间遗传分化程度(0.989)最大,似鲶高原鳅与东方高原鳅群体间遗传分化程度(0.222)最小.其中仅有一个单倍型(Hap29)为达里湖高原鳅与似鲶高原鳅群体所共有,其余均为特有单倍型.进化树显示6个高原鳅群体分为三大支,其中细尾高原鳅自成一支;湘西盲高原鳅与黄河高原鳅聚成一支;其余东方高原鳅、达里湖高原鳅和似鲶高原鳅聚成一支.Network与系统发育树结果基本一致.就单倍型丰富度和核苷酸多样性而言,似鲶高原鳅遗传多样性较高,湘西盲高原鳅遗传多样性较低.就系统发育而言,群体间的分化程度支持了其分类地位;似鲶高原鳅、东方高原鳅和达里湖高原鳅的亲缘关系相对较近;不同的聚类推测高原鳅可能至少经历了 3次驯化事件.本研究结果为高原鳅鱼类生物多样性保护和评价提供遗传学理论依据.     

中国浙江缨口鳅属一新种(鲤形目,平鳍鳅科,腹吸鳅亚科)

1983年8月作者在浙江泰顺县乌岩岭国家自然保护区采集到缨口鳅属鱼类25尾,经鉴定为1新种.新种吻褶发达,吻须较长,最长吻须约为眼径的1.5倍;吻须排成1排,基部均与吻褶相连,与缨口鳅Crossostoma davidi Sauvage,1878相似,而明显区别于属内其它物种,但两者在以下性状上又存在明显区别:1)新种体侧具有18～22条横纹;2)腹部中央无鳞区延伸到胸鳍和腹鳍中点之后;3)分布区亦不同,新种仅分布于浙江飞云江水系,缨口鳅分布于福建闽江水系.     

高原特有条鳅鱼类两新种在广西的发现及其动物地理学意义

描述了采自广西都安县红水河水系的条鳅亚科鱼类2个新种：丽纹云南鳅yhnnanilus pulcherrimussp．nov．在侧线长度、鳞片分布、鳍条数目、尾型、吻须长度等方面与侧纹云南鳅yunnanilus pleurotaenia(Regan,1904)最为相似,但新种独特的斑纹和上下唇的长乳突可明显与之区别,二者在一些度量特征上也有区别。黄体高原鳅Triplophysa flavicorpus sp．nov．与同分布于西江水系的南丹高原鳅T．nandanensis Lan et al．较为相似,并以下列特征组合与高原鳅属所有已知种相区别：背鳍分枝鳍条10根、臀鳍分枝鳍条6～7根、体被细鳞、侧线完全、具6条宽横斑和1条沿侧线的细纵纹、尾鳍深分又、尾鳍基具1半圆形黑斑、尾鳍上下叶各具2条黑色横斑、腹鳍末端后伸超过肛门、腋部具发达的肉质鳍瓣、上唇中央完全中断等。云南鳅属和高原鳅属均是高原特有类群,前者仅分布于云南东中部地区,后者则集中分布于青藏高原。两个新种的分布地均远离这两个属的分布中心,而且呈间断分布。通过各自相近种谱系关系分析,推测这种特殊的分布格局是通过隔域分化形成的。     

云南石林盲高原鳅的发现及其分类地位的讨论

石林盲高原鳅Triplophysa shilinensis Chen et Yang,sp.nov.是在我国发现的第四种洞穴条鳅鱼类。其鉴别特征为:眼睛完全退化;体半透明;须发达,鼻瓣延长成须状;体裸露无鳞;背鳍、尾鳍分枝鳍条分别为7和14根;体和尾柄较细长。在摒弃趋同演化特征后,综合形态性状并结合地理分布资料分析的结果表明,类似于南盘江高原鳅的祖先曾广泛分布于滇东南一带,后来随着地下河的发育分别进入个旧卡房笆蕉箐溶洞和石林尾博邑溶洞。在溶洞间的地理隔离作用下,形成了与环境相适应的各自形态特点,最终分别演化成为目前的石林盲高原鳅和个旧盲高原鳅。本文还依据朱松泉的条鳅分类系统,订正了如下2个种:个旧盲高原鳅Triplophysa gejiuensis (Chu et Chen)、湘西盲高原鳅Triplophysa xiangxiensis (Yang et al.)。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.