带有IS1的mini—F质粒所发动的染色体复制对于recA基因的依赖性

我们曾报道整合的F′质粒所发动的大肠杆菌染色体复制依赖于recA基因,而整合的F质粒则不。构建带有IS1的mini-F质粒,它们的复制起点分别来自F或F′质粒。这些质粒的整合抑制菌株中都有约20％是recA依赖的,不管这一mini-F质粒的复制起点来自F或F′质粒,也不管这一质粒在游离状态中的复制方向是单向或双向。实验结果说明,质粒的整合位置是决定由整合质粒所发动的染色体复制对recA基因的依赖性的主要因素。     

大肠杆菌中整合的F′质粒带动细菌染色体复制需要recA基因

大肠杆菌的dnaA46突变能被F′质粒整合抑制。整合抑制的菌林(Sin菌株)在通过转导引入了recA56突变后又变得不能在40℃中生长。标记转移、吖啶橙敏感性,F′质粒消除和mini-染色体质粒转化等实验说明,Sin菌株中F′质粒始终处于整合状态,并且在40℃中细菌染色体的复制由整合状态的F′质粒所带动。比较了Sin recA~ 和Sin recA~-菌株在不同温度中的DNA、蛋白质的生物合成情况。实验结果说明recA基因在DNA复制过程中起作用。前人的工作证明了recA基因在DNA重组和DHA损伤应急修复(SOS)过程中是一个关键的基因。本文的工作为recA基因的功能提供了新的认识。     

科技期刊目录索引选

签础橄生物何笑松等:,y IE基因在嗜热脂肪芽抱杆菌中的表达。 遗传学报,17(1):46,19900毛裕民等:质粒的复制特性和整合后在发动大肠杆菌 染色体复制中对rec人基因的依赖性研究。遗传 学报,一7(1):53,19900魏摘等:定点突变技术在DNA缺失改造上的应用。 遗传学报,一7(l):63,1990。柴建华:又噬菌体和co,mid重组DNA克隆的快速 限制性内切酶图谱分析方法。遗传学报17(z): 136,19900颇望明:氧化硫硫杆菌启动子功能片段在大肠杆菌中 的克隆和表达。遗传学报,17(2):l‘3,19900毛裕民等:大肠杆菌中整合状态的干质粒复制起点的 克隆和分析。遗传学…     

质粒的复制特性和整合后在发动大肠杆菌染色体复制中对recA基因的依赖性的研究

大肠杆菌的温度敏感的DNA复制发动突变型dnaA46在42℃中不能生长而形成菌落,质粒或噬菌体的整合使它能生长。前文[2]报道了F质粒整合后所发动的染色体复制依赖于recA基因。本文报道5种质粒和2种噬菌体整合后所发动的染色体复制对recA基因的依赖性的研究结果。实验结果说明,依赖与否和它们在游离状态中复制方向无关,从而否定了recA基因的作用是把质粒或噬菌体的游离状态的单向复制发动机构改变为整合状态的双向复制发动饥构这一假设。     

HIV-1整合酶蛋白的可溶性表达及功能研究

HIV 1整合酶是HIV病毒复制中一个重要的酶,也是治疗艾滋病药物的一个重要靶点。为了开展以整合酶蛋白为靶点的抑制剂筛选,构建HIV 1整合酶重组质粒,在原核细胞中进行可溶性表达和功能研究。通过重叠PCR技术引入F185K和C280S突变于HIV 1 B亚型标准株的整合酶cDNA片段中,PCR扩增片段克隆到pET 28a(+)表达载体中,构建重组质粒,在E. coli中进行整合酶基因表达,SDS PAGE鉴定表达产物,亲和层析纯化蛋白,酶联免疫吸附实验方法测定整合酶的生物学活性。结果构建的重组质粒获得高效稳定的可溶性表达,ELISA实验证实该蛋白具有整合酶的3′切割DNA和5′链转移的活性。HIV 1整合酶蛋白的可溶性表达和活性研究为建立以整合酶为靶点的抗HIV药物筛选平台打下了基础。     

大肠杆菌K-12dnaA突变型的R6K整合抑制菌株的多起点染色体复制

大肠杆菌K-12的温度敏感复制发动缺陷突变(dnaA46)菌株LC381不能在42℃中进行染色体复制。在42℃中选取R6K质粒整合抑制菌株,用标记频率测定法测得这一菌株在30℃中染色体复制从正常的复制起点起始,在42℃中则从另外三个起点起始,其中两个曾见报道,把重组突变recA56引入这一菌株,发现由接近正常复制起点起始的染色体复制不受recA突变的影响,由接近正常复制终点起始的染色体复制则受到阻碍,说明由这一位置起始的染色体复制依赖于recA基因。这一实验结果和我们的其他报道相符。     

用人造微小染色体技术研究着丝粒和端粒的DNA结构与功能

为了在细胞世代中保持其稳定性,染色体起码应具备3个结构要素,那就是有一个DNA复制起点;一个着丝粒(ccntromere)使细胞分裂时两个姊妹染色单体能平均分配到子细胞里;最后,在染色体的两个末端必须有端粒(telomere),使DNA能完成复制。近年来人们采用分子克隆技术把真核细咆染色体的复制起点、着丝粒和端粒的DNA片段分别克隆成功。并且把它们互相搭配或改造而构成所谓“人造微小染色体”(aftificial minichromosomes),以研究这3种成分的结构与功能。 一、染色体复制起点 大肠杆菌质粒pBR322不能转化酵母细胞,因为pBR322上的DNA复制起点不能被酵母系统所识别,DNA不能复制。1979年Stinchcomb和Carbon实验室分别把带有遗传标记,例如Trp~+的酵母DNA的EcoRI片段插入pBR322,用来转化trp~-酵母,获得了带有质粒并能传代的Trp~+细胞。它们所含的质     

一个植物乳杆菌新质粒的序列分析与归类

[目的]分离鉴定植物乳杆菌PC518的质粒并分析滚环复制p C194家族复制起点特征。[方法]从植物乳杆菌PC518中提取质粒,HindⅢ单酶切后克隆测序,然后用反向PCR方法验证质粒序列的完整性。使用DNAMAN V6. 0软件和MEGA X软件对43个p C194家族质粒的复制起点序列和复制蛋白进行比对分析。[结果]分离得到一个3 325 bp的新质粒p LP325。43个p C194家族质粒复制起点中:24个在nick上、下游均有反向重复序列,12个只在nick上游有反向重复序列,4个只在下游有反向重复序列。复制蛋白的聚类与复制起点中反向重复序列的位置是对应的。[结论]p LP325的复制方式推定为滚环复制,属于p C194家族。p C194家族复制起点的bind以反向重复序列为特征,位于nick上游或下游。     

六株成团肠杆菌 (Enterobacteragglomerans)接合子的分子生物学分析

对 6株成团肠杆菌 (Enterobacteragglomerans)接合子的分子生物学进行了分析 .6株菌与nifHDK基因有杂交 .菌株总DNA经BamHⅠ酶切后与pEA9 DNA进行Southern杂交 ,只有 2株菌具有完整的质粒DNA ,其余菌株质粒DNA发生了 15 3～ 137 7kb不同程度的缺失 .用切割位点较少的限制性内切酶XbaⅠ酶切 6株菌的总DNA ,经脉冲场凝胶电泳 (PFGE)后用pEA9 DNA为探针进行Southern杂交 ,每株菌的pEA9 DNA明显大于用BamHⅠ酶切后的杂交结果 ,表明质粒与染色体发生了整合 .转座子Tn5或插入序列IS 12 2 2和IS 12 71可能参与质粒与染色体的整合过程 .     

葡糖酸醋杆菌内源复制片段的克隆

采用改进的碱裂解法提取Gluconacetobacter hansenii ATCC23769自发不产膜突变体的内源隐蔽质粒。用不同的限制性内切酶对混合质粒直接进行酶切,酶切后的片段混合物与pUC18载体连接构建重组载体。重组载体回转入G.hansenii ATCC23769获得隐蔽质粒上具有复制能力的片段,序列结果分析表明:该片段上没有某些其他质粒所具有的Rep蛋白。利用该片段,构建了能同时在大肠杆菌和葡糖酸醋杆菌中复制的质粒载体,体内的抗生素抗性实验证明该载体具有良好的稳定性。     

Expression of a mutation affecting F incompatibility in the integrated but not the autonomous state of F.

Previously we have described a mutant Hfr strain in which incompatibility between the integrated F factor and an autonomous F-prime (F') factor was abolished. The mutation (inc) was located in the integrated F factor. F-prime factors isolated from the mutant Hfr strain have the same incompatibility behavior as those isolated from normal Hfr strains. Reintegration of these F' factors into the chromosome restores the Inc- phenotype characteristic of the mutant Hfr. The inc mutation thus affects incompatibility between integrated F and autonomous F(Fi-Fa incompatibility) but not incompatibility between two autonomous F factors (Fa-Fa incompatibility). The implications of this finding for the mechanism of plasmid incompatibility are discussed.     

Characterization of a mini-F plasmid derived from an F mutant expressing incompatibility in the autonomous but not in the integrated state

Plasmid DNA from Escherichia coli F' ser/MA219 harboring an altered F' factor, which expressed incompatibility in the autonomous but not in the integrated state (DeVries and Maas, 1973, J. Bacteriol. 115, 213-220), was digested with the restriction endonuclease EcoRI and ligated to a nonreplicating trpED fragment. A miniplasmid was obtained containing a 5.7-kb EcoRI fragment capable of self-replication. This plasmid, designated pRE300, was incompatible with mini-F as well as with ColE1 derivatives. It represents a cointegrate formed in vivo between a 2.2-kb segment of the F replication region and a ColE1-type replicon of unknown derivation. The F-derived component of pRE300 corresponds to a minimalized F replicon (43.85-46.05 kb F) retaining oriII and the incB locus but missing the incC and incD functions. It is postulated that the Inc- mutation resulted from the insertion of a transposable DNA sequence into the incC locus of the parent F plasmid.     

Requirement of the Escherichia coli dnaA gene product for plasmid F maintenance.

There are DnaA protein-binding sites in at least one F origin of replication, and only potentially leaky dnaA(Ts) mutations had ever been used in previous studies indicating that F replication was independent of the dnaA gene product. Here we show that an Escherichia coli dnaA::Tn10 host which does not make a dnaA gene product cannot sustain autonomous or integrated F plasmid maintenance.     

Relationships between autonomous and integrated forms of tetracycline resistance plasmid in Staphylococcus aureus.

Recombinant plasmids carrying apparently the complete genome of a small staphylococcal plasmid, pT181, or of its temperature-sensitive replication mutant, pSA0301, were isolated and characterized; in these recombinants, pT181 or pSA0301 were considered as “integrated” into the other plasmid, inasmuch as they seem to have a subsidiary role in the replication of the respective recombinant plasmids. Using these recombinants, the incompatibility relationships between integrated and autonomous forms of the same plasmid were studied. The results obtained showed that, although integrated plasmids express their incompatibility toward autonomous ones, they are not susceptible to the incompatibility manifested by an autonomous or another integrated plasmid. No differences were observed between pT181 and pSA0301 in their response to the incompatibility manifested by recombinant plasmids. The expression of the incompatibility of an integrated plasmid did not require the function of the repC gene, involved in plasmid autonomous replication. Moreover, the pT181 repC⁺ gene seems not to be expressed when pT181 is integrated into another plasmid in that the integrated form does not complement autonomous pSA0301 for replication at nonpermissive temperature.     

Trimethoprim-Produced F-Specific Insertion Mutations in Escherichia coli K-12

Besides producing thymine-requiring mutants (thy), trimethoprim (TMP) cured the mini-ColE1 replicon pML21 at an appreciable frequency. The cured Escherichia coli K-12 cells behaved like polA mutants by failing to support the stable maintenance of the ColE1 plasmid. The mini-F replicon pSC138, which was lacking all three insertion sequences (IS3, gammadelta, and IS2) normally used for F-specific integration and excision, was not cured by TMP. Instead, it integrated into specific regions of the E. coli chromosome and thus caused auxotrophic mutations in operons which were always localized on either side of oriC (origin of chromosomal replication). The incompatibility and replication functions of the integrated plasmid in auxotrophs were retained, and the plasmid DNAs recovered from spontaneously occurring revertants did not show any alterations in their contour lengths as determined by electron microscopy. The F replicon (fragment 5) contained in plasmid pSC138 carried two origins of replication, the primary origin, oriV(1) at 42.6F and the secondary origin, oriV(2), at 44.1F. Another mini-F plasmid pMF21, deleted of the primary origin of replication (oriV(1)), was still capable of autonomous replication but failed to integrate onto the chromosome after TMP treatment. Furthermore, the composite plasmid pRS5, which normally uses only the replication origin and functions of the pSC101 component, was also insensitive to TMP. On the basis of these results, we propose a new scheme of F integration via the functional oriV(1) and suggest the involvement of a similar mechanism in the formation of Hfr strains by integrative suppression.     

Escherichia coli mutants incapable of supporting replication of F-like plasmids at high temperature: isolation and characterization of mafA and mafB mutants.

Mutants of Escherichia coli K-12 defective in replication of F-like plasmids at a high temperature (42 degrees C) were found among threonine-independent (Thr+) revertants of a threonine-requiring F' stain after localized mutagenesis with N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine. Transduction experiments with phage P1 permitted us to divide these mutations into two classes with respect to man location; some mutations were located between thr and ara at about 0.8 min, very close to maf-1 reported previously (Wada et al., J. Mol. Biol. 108:25-41, 1976 and the others probably were located between leu and azi at about 1.8 min. The former class of mutants designated mafA exhibited the same plasmid specificity as maf-1; replication of plasmids F and ColVB trp, but not R386 or R222, were affected at a high temperature. By contrast, the latter mutants designated mafB were defective in replication of nay of these plasmids at a high temperature. When a culture of mafA mutants carrying an F' plasmid was transferred from 30 to 42 degrees C, the plasmid replication as determined by incorporation of [3H]thymidine into covalently closed circular F DNA was markedly inhibited. Under certain conditions, the temperature shift-up caused severe growth inhibition of the mutant cells. Examination of merodiploids (mafA/FmafA+) for plasmid maintenance suggested that the two mafA mutations tested (mafA23 and mafA36) were both dominant, at least partially, over the wild-type mafA+ allele. These properties of the mafA mutants, manifested at the restrictive temperature, are similar to those previously reported for the maf-1 mutant. Taken together with other evidence it is likely that these mutations affect either the same gene (mafA) or a set of closely linked genes, playing a specific role in autonomous plasmid replication in E. coli.     

Replication of Fpoh+ plasmid in mafA mutants of Escherichia coli defective in plasmid maintenance.

A class of F' plasmids, designated Fpoh+, was previously shown to be able to replicate extra-chromosomally on Hfr strains by virtue of carrying the specific site or region poh+ (permissive on Hfr) of the E. coli chromosome (Hiraga, 1975, 1976a). These plasmids were now found to replicate on E. coli mafA mutants (mafA1 and mafA23) that cannot support vegetative replication of F and some other F-like plasmids. The derivatives of Fpoh+ that have lost the poh+ site, on the other hand, failed to replicate on mafA mutants. These mutants harboring Fpoh+ (but not Poh- derivatives thereof) exhibit abnormal cell division and form elongated cells, presumably due to competition between Fpoh+ and the host chromosome for some factor(s) essential for the initiation of DNA replication of the both replicons. It is tentatively concluded that the poh+ site is required for F' plasmids to replicate on mafA mutants as well as on Hfr strains. In view of the fact that the mechanism of inhibition of autonomous F DNA replication in mafA mutants and in Hfr strains are clearly different, the present data seem to provide strong support to the notion that the poh+ region contains the replication origin of the E. coli chromosome.     

A facile and reversible method to decrease the copy number of the ColE1-related cloning vectors commonly used in Escherichia coli.

We report a technique which uses the cointegrate intermediate of transposon Tn1000 transposition as a means to lower the copy number of ColE1-type plasmids. The transposition of Tn1000 from one replicon to another is considered a two-step process. In the first step, the transposon-encoded TnpA protein mediates fusion of the two replicons to produce a cointegrate. In the second step, the cointegrate is resolved by site-specific recombination between the two transposon copies to yield the final transposition products: the target replicon with an integrated transposon plus the regenerated donor replicon. Using in vitro techniques, the DNA sequence of the Tn1000 transposon was altered so that cointegrate formation occurs but resolution by the site-specific recombination pathway is blocked. When this transposon was resident on an F factor-derived plasmid, a cointegrate was formed between a multicopy ColE1-type target plasmid and the conjugative F plasmid. Conjugational transfer of this cointegrate into a polA strain resulted in a stable cointegrate in which replication from the ColE1 plasmid origin was inhibited and replication proceeded only from the single-copy F factor replication origin. We assayed isogenic strains which harbored plasmids encoding chloramphenicol acetyltransferase to measure the copy number of such F factor-ColE1-type cointegrate plasmids and found that the copy number was decreased to the level of single-copy chromosomal elements. This method was used to study the effect of copy number on the expression of the fabA gene (which encodes the key fatty acid-biosynthetic enzyme beta-hydroxydecanoylthioester dehydrase) by the regulatory protein encoded by the fadR gene.