转基因受体酵母菌的低能氩离子注入研究

通过不同剂量的低能Ar 注入酿酒酵母Ke-y,筛选出了一种较好的菌体保护液,获得了一系列Ar 注入参数。在该研究体系内,Ar 最佳注入剂量分别为9 0×1015 ions/cm2 或13 5×1015 ions/cm2(适于IBB Device 1 型离子注入机)和1 0×1016ions/cm2 或1 4×1016 ions/cm2(适于LZD1000型离子注入机),为离子束介导外源基因组DNA在酵母菌Ke-y中的遗传转化奠定了基础。     

低能离子注入对小麦种子发芽及幼苗生理生化的影响

采用能量为25keV的N 不同剂量(2×1016 N /cm2、4×1016 N /cm2、6×1016 N /cm2、8×1016 N /cm2、12×1016 N /cm2)注入新疆小麦种子,研究了N 离子束注入新疆春小麦种子后对小麦种子的发芽率、幼苗体内的丙二醛(MDA)、可溶性蛋白、可溶性糖、叶绿素、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)的影响。实验结果表明:以2×1016 N /cm2 剂量处理小麦较合适,可提高小麦种子的活力,促进种子萌发和幼苗生长。2×1016 N /cm2、4×1016 N /cm2 剂量处理对新春2号、新春11号幼苗生长有利,在这两种剂量处理下新春2号三种保护酶较新春11号敏感。     

氮离子束注入对燕麦M1-M2代幼苗耐盐性的影响

采用能量为25keV的不同剂量(4×1016N /cm2、6×1016N /cm2、8×1016N /cm2、12×1016N /cm2)N 注入燕麦种胚,研究N 离子束注入后,盐胁迫对燕麦M1和M2代幼苗体内超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性,脯氨酸含量、丙二醛(MDA)含量、可溶性糖及可溶性蛋白含量的影响。实验结果表明:对M1代,以6×1016N /cm2剂量处理燕麦较合适,能提高燕麦受盐胁迫影响后幼苗SOD活性和可溶性糖含量。而对M2代,4×1016N /cm2处理剂量能降低MDA含量,提高可溶性糖含量,这都有利于盐胁迫后燕麦幼苗的生长。     

氮离子束注入燕麦种子对M1-M2代幼苗生理生化指标的影响

采用能量为25keV的不同剂量(4×1016N /cm2、6×1016N /cm2、8×1016N /cm2、12×1016N /cm2)N 束注入燕麦种胚,研究了N 离子束注入后,燕麦M1代和M2代种子的发芽率,幼苗体内过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性,叶绿素含量、丙二醛(MDA)含量、可溶性糖及可溶性蛋白含量的影响。实验结果表明:以12×1016N /cm2剂量处理燕麦较合适,能提高燕麦M1和M2代种子的发芽率,幼苗POD、CAT活性和可溶性蛋白含量,有利于幼苗生长。     

低能离子注入短命植物多伞阿魏(Ferula ferulaeoides)抗性生理特征

以能量30 keV、不同剂量N 离子注入多伞阿魏(Ferula ferulaeoides)种子用以研究多伞阿魏抗性生理指标的变化,以期为保护短命植物多伞阿魏提供理论依据.试验结果表明:随离子注入剂量增大,多伞阿魏种子发芽率和发芽指数逐渐下降;超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性增加、过氧化物酶(POD)、和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性逐渐升高.剂量过大时,SOD、POD和CAT活性下降;游离脯氨酸含量逐渐降低,但在6×1016N /cm2剂量时含量升高;可溶性蛋白质含量先升高再降低,6×1016 N / cm2剂量时为最高值.通过对发芽率、发芽指数的结果进行方差分析,得出低剂量N 离子注入可破除多伞阿魏种子休眠,促进种子萌发;适当剂量N 离子注入可激活保护酶、脯氨酸和可溶性蛋白的表达.     

N+离子注入对大豆种子活力及其幼苗的抗氧化酶活性影响

本文研究了用25keV N+注入丰豆103的种子后,N+离子对其种子的活力及子叶伸展后48小时和96小时的幼苗内蛋白质含量、谷胱甘肽巯基转移酶(GSH-Ts)、谷胱甘肽过氧化酶(GSH-Px)、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(ASA-POD)活性的影响.结果表明当N+注量在2.6×1016N+/cm2～5.2×1016N+/cm2时,种子的发芽率、发芽指数、活力指数都明显提高;幼苗的可溶性蛋白含量高于对照.在6.5×1016N+/cm2～10.4×1016N+/cm2注量时,幼苗的可溶性蛋白含量低于对照,96小时幼苗可溶性蛋白的含量高于48小时,说明辐射引起的损伤可随生长时间的增加而有所恢复.高注量可引起幼苗内一些抗氧化酶活性的升高,且随注量的增加酶的活性升高也越明显,96小时幼苗的GSH-Px和ASA-POD活性高于48小时幼苗,GSH-Ts活性略有下降.而低注量(1.3×1016N+/cm2～5.2×1016N+/cm2)的上述酶指标升幅不大.说明经N+离子处理后可通过诱导这些抗氧化酶活性的升高起到减轻伤害的作用.     

外源SNP对盐胁迫下甜瓜幼苗生长及抗氧化酶活性的影响北大核心CSCD

为明确外源一氧化氮(NO)对甜瓜幼苗耐盐性的影响,该研究以甜瓜品种‘农大甜10号’为试验材料,在300 mmol·L^(-1)NaCl胁迫条件下,叶面喷施不同浓度(50、100、150、200、250μmol·L^(-1))外源NO供体硝普钠(SNP),分析甜瓜幼苗生长、光合色素含量、细胞膜透性、抗氧化酶活性、渗透调节物质含量的变化。结果表明:(1)盐胁迫显著抑制甜瓜幼苗的生长,同时显著降低叶片光合色素含量、细胞膜透性、抗氧化酶活性、渗透调节物质含量。(2)叶面喷施150μmol·L^(-1)SNP能够显著提高盐胁迫下甜瓜幼苗的株高、茎粗、干鲜重、壮苗指数,并显著提高盐胁迫下甜瓜幼苗的光合色素含量,从而提高甜瓜的光合作用。(3)喷施150μmol·L^(-1)SNP可显著提高盐胁迫下甜瓜幼苗超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)、谷胱甘肽还原酶(GR)、单脱氢抗坏血酸还原酶(MDHAR)及脱氢抗坏血酸还原酶(DHAR)的活性,显著降低盐胁迫下甜瓜幼苗的丙二醛(MDA)、过氧化氢(H_(2)O_(2))含量及超氧阴离子(O^(-)·_(2))产生速率。(4)喷施150μmol·L^(-1)SNP可显著提高盐胁迫下甜瓜幼苗叶片脯氨酸(Pro)和可溶性蛋白的含量。研究认为,在盐胁迫环境下,适宜浓度的外源SNP(150μmol·L^(-1))可通过提高甜瓜幼苗的抗氧化酶活性以及光合色素和小分子可溶性有机化合物含量来增强活性氧的清除能力,降低膜脂过氧化作用,有效减轻盐胁迫对幼苗的伤害,从而增强其耐盐性,促进幼苗生长。     

外源Spd对低温胁迫下甜瓜幼苗光合与抗氧化特性及其相关基因表达的影响

为探讨外源亚精胺(Spd)诱导甜瓜耐低温胁迫的生理与分子机制,该研究以甜瓜耐低温品种‘世纪蜜’和低温敏感品种‘GL-1’为试验材料,在人工气候箱内采用基质栽培法,对其叶面喷施外源Spd,对低温胁迫及恢复后甜瓜幼苗生长、光合作用、抗氧化酶活性等生理指标进行测定,并利用定量PCR技术分析4种抗氧化酶基因在低温胁迫条件下的表达特性,分析外源Spd缓解低温胁迫的效应。结果表明:(1)低温胁迫显著抑制甜瓜幼苗的生长及其光合作用,降低幼苗叶绿素含量,显著增强抗氧化酶活性及相关基因表达水平,且对品种‘GL-1’影响大于‘世纪蜜’。(2)外源Spd处理可以有效促进甜瓜幼苗的生长,提高叶片叶绿素含量、净光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Gs)、蒸腾速率(Tr)、气孔限制值(Ls)、水分利用效率(WUE),以及最大光化学效率(Fv/Fm)、光系统Ⅱ光能捕获效率(Fv′/Fm′)和表观光合电子传递速率(ETR),降低胞间CO2浓度(Ci)和初始荧光(Fo)。(3)外源Spd可诱导低温胁迫下甜瓜抗氧化酶活性和基因表达量发生改变,并提高了低温胁迫下甜瓜幼苗叶片超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、过氧化物酶(POD)和抗坏血酸过氧化酶(APX)基因的表达,从而增强这些抗氧化酶活性,有效缓解低温胁迫造成的氧化胁迫伤害。(4)与对照相比,外源Spd对低温胁迫下品种‘GL-1’各指标降低或升高的幅度大于品种‘世纪蜜’。研究发现,Spd有利于甜瓜幼苗在低温胁迫下光合作用的维持,提高光合电子传递效率、光能的捕获与转换,并提高抗氧化酶活性和相关基因表达水平,促进甜瓜幼苗的生长,有效缓解低温胁迫对甜瓜幼苗生长的抑制作用,且Spd对低温敏感品种‘GL-1’缓解效果优于耐低温品种‘世纪蜜’。     

低能氩离子注入对甜瓜种子发芽及幼苗某些生理生化指标的影响

以能量25 keV、不同剂量Ar 离子注入甜瓜种子,其发芽率均有所降低,且可不同程度提高O2-·产生速率和H2O2含量,同时过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性增加,膜脂过氧化产物丙二醛(MDA)含量下降;剂量过大时,CAT、SOD活性下降,MDA含量上升.     

外源水杨酸预处理对低温胁迫下甜瓜幼苗生长及其抗逆生理特性的影响

以甜瓜品种‘红优’幼苗为试验材料,在人工气候箱内采用基质栽培法,对其叶面喷施不同浓度(0.1、0.5、1.0、2.0 mmol·L^-1)水杨酸(SA),研究SA预处理对低温(昼12 ℃/夜6 ℃)胁迫7 d及恢复7 d后甜瓜幼苗生长、叶绿素含量、渗透调节物质含量以及抗氧化系统的影响。结果表明：(1)低温胁迫能明显抑制甜瓜幼苗的生长,外源施用不同浓度SA预处理均能缓解低温对甜瓜幼苗的伤害,并以1.0 mmol·L^-1 SA作用最明显,且显著提高了低温胁迫下甜瓜幼苗的株高、茎粗、地上鲜重和叶绿素含量。(2)适宜浓度的外源SA预处理可明显提高低温胁迫下甜瓜幼苗叶片的渗透调节物质可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白和脯氨酸的含量,增强其渗透调节作用。(3)低温胁迫下外源SA预处理能够诱导提高甜瓜幼苗叶片中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、过氧化物酶(POD)、抗坏血酸过氧化酶(APX)、谷胱甘肽还原酶(GR)和脱氢抗坏血酸还原酶(DHAR)的活性,增加甜瓜幼苗叶片中抗坏血酸(ASA)、谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量、ASA/DHA及GSH/GSSG,从而有效降低叶片电解质渗透率、丙二醛(MDA)和活性氧(ROS)含量。研究发现,适宜浓度的外源SA预处理,能够在低温胁迫条件下通过增加渗透调节物质的含量,诱导增强抗氧化酶活性,以及激活ASA GSH循环系统,促进甜瓜幼苗的生长,从而提高甜瓜幼苗的耐低温性能。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.