精子肽的固相合成及应用初探

目的 :探讨将多肽固相合成技术用于检测抗精子抗体的ELISA试剂盒制备。方法 :以多肽固相合成法合成特异性精子肽 ,并经高效液相纯化分析及质谱分析。以此合成精子肽包板制备检测抗精子抗体的ELISA试剂盒 ,检测血清标本的AsAb。结果 :HPLC结果显示 ,合成的精子肽纯度达 98.26%;质谱分析结果主峰分子质量与理论值一致。采用合成多肽抗原建立了检测抗精子抗体的酶联免疫吸附测定方法 ;不明原因不育患者组与对照组间AsAb发生率呈非常显著差异(P <0,005 )。结论 :本固相合成法可获得高纯度特异性精子肽 ;该精子肽包板的ELISA试剂盒可靠简便。     

一种新的无传染性的检测HBeAg抗HBe的单克隆酶联免疫吸附法(MonoLISA)的建立与应用

应用我室自1988年5月以来建立的抗乙型肝炎e抗原两个抗原决定簇的单克隆抗体,和在大肠杆菌中高效表达的乙型肝炎病毒e抗原,组装成检测HBeAg/抗HBe的酶联免疫试剂(简称Mo-noLISA)。测定了该试剂的特异性、敏感性和可重复性,并与用日本单克隆抗体和血清e抗原组装的类似的EIA试剂进行了比较。结果两种试剂检测92份乙肝病人血清e抗原和38份血清e抗体的总符合率,分别为97.8％和100％。用两种试剂同时滴定一份已知HBeAg阳往和一份抗-HBe阳性的血清,证明两者的敏感性无显著差异。重复性试验证实,该试剂的重复率为100％。由此证明,用抗-HBeMcAb和基因工程抗原组装的诊断试剂,特异性强,敏感性高,可重复性好,且无传染性。这不仅为诊断试剂原材料的更新提供了丰富的来源,而且将该类试剂提高到一个新水平。     

HIV-1辅助蛋白Vpr多肽抗体的制备与鉴定

预测Vpr蛋白的B细胞抗原表位,并利用合成的B细胞表位肽制备Vpr特异性抗体。应用生物信息学技术获得Vpr蛋白共享氨基酸序列并预测其潜在B细胞抗原表位,与载体蛋白血蓝蛋白(KLH)偶联合成多肽并免疫家兔,鉴定及纯化获得的多肽特异性抗体。软件预测显示,Vpr蛋白N端的第3～19位(N)和C端的第82～95位(C)氨基酸序列为潜在B细胞抗原表位;ELISA检测抗血清中多肽特异性抗体的效价都达到1:105以上;Western-Blotting结果显示,无论对HIV-1B亚型还是CRF07_BC重组型的Vpr蛋白,其多肽N抗体和C抗体均能特异性识别;免疫沉淀结果显示,Vpr多肽N和C抗体也能特异性结合未变性的野生型Vpr或GFP-Vpr融合蛋白。利用生物信息学技术能成功预测Vpr蛋白B细胞抗原表位,免疫所获得的抗体具有较好的特异性和应用性。     

丙型肝炎病毒Core与NS3基因的不同融合方式及其表达

丙型肝炎病毒(简称HCV)是危害人类健康的传染性疾病,预防该病的传播主要借助于HCV血清学诊断来筛选献血员和检测临床标本.从国内外已分离到的HCV株得知,HCV核心蛋白(Core)和非结构蛋白NS3含有较强的优势抗原表位,其相应的抗体出现早,阳性率高,已成为目前第二、第三代HCV免疫诊断试剂的重要成份[1,2].通常Core蛋白和NS3蛋白分别用基因工程方法表达,然后作为固定化抗原,检测人体内HCV的抗体.我们对Core和NS3的两种不同组合方式及其表达的研究,对于发展新的HCV诊断试剂很有帮助,现将结果报道如下.     

应用基因重组抗原诊断丙型肝炎研究

丙型肝炎病毒(Hepatis C virus,HCV)感染者的血液中病毒含量极低,还没有适当的方法可以直接检测病毒。现在常用免疫学方法测定特异性抗体[1]或利用 PCR 技术检测病毒核酸。由于 HCV基因组变异高达33%,PCR检测易发生假阳性和假阴性。同时由于丙肝抗原高度的变异性[2],虽然目前ELISA方法应用广泛,但是单一的诊断抗原已不能满足临床要求,需要多价抗原联合应用作为诊断试剂。目前,在我国流行的丙型肝炎病毒主要是Ⅱ型和Ⅲ型,国外的丙型肝炎诊断试剂研制单位主要是以Ⅰ型为主[3],而且进口的丙型肝炎诊断试剂昂贵,不适合在我国大量使…     

B型肉毒毒素重链抗原表位的预测及表位合成肽抗原性的检测

目的:预测B型肉毒毒素蛋白抗原表位,研究表位合成肽的生物学活性。方法:利用生物信息学,结合Anthwine分析软件及网络平台,预测B型肉毒毒素蛋白重链的B细胞抗原表位。人工合成4条(P1,P2,P3,P4)表位多肽,与抗B型肉毒毒素类毒素的马血清反应;采用腹腔注射的方式用合成肽免疫BALB/c小鼠,检测免疫血清与合成肽的结合;对免疫小鼠腹腔注射B型肉毒毒素。结果:合成的多肽能与抗B型肉毒毒素的类毒素的马血清结合;多肽免疫小鼠后能产生针对多肽的抗体,其中P1、P3、P4产生的抗体对受毒素攻击的小鼠具有保护作用。结论:成功预测了抗原表位,合成的表位多肽具有较好的抗原性。     

四种丙型肝炎病毒抗体试剂检测方法的性能评估

对血液筛查的四种丙型肝炎病毒(Hepatitis C virus,HCV)抗体试剂检测方法的性能进行评估。方法采用协作标定方式,应用四种检测方法(间接ELISA法、双抗原夹心ELISA法、间接CLIA法、双抗原夹心CLIA法)16种HCV抗体试剂,对经确证筛选出的70份(HCV抗体阳性35份、阴性35份)血浆样本进行检测,通过分析阳性、阴性符合率,评估四种方法 HCV抗体试剂的性能。结果间接ELISA法试剂检测阳性符合率为88.6%(31/35)~94.3%(33/35),双抗原夹心ELISA法、间接CLIA法、双抗原夹心CLIA法试剂检测阳性符合率为91.4%(32/35)~94.3%(33/35),四种检测方法 HCV抗体试剂阳性符合率之间的差异无统计学意义(P0.05);间接ELISA法和间接CLIA法试剂弱阳性样本检出率为11.4%(4/35)~31.4%(11/35),双抗原夹心ELISA法和双抗原夹心CLIA法试剂弱阳性样本检出率为5.7%(2/35)~11.4%(4/35),四种检测方法 HCV抗体试剂对弱阳性样本的检出率之间的差异有统计学意义(P0.05);间接ELISA法试剂检测阴性符合率分别为94.3%(33/35)~100%(35/35),间接CLIA法试剂阴性符合率分别为94.3%(33/35)~97.1%(34/35),双抗原夹心ELISA法和双抗原夹心CLIA法试剂阴性符合率均为97.1%(34/35),四种检测方法 HCV抗体试剂阴性符合率之间的差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论四种检测方法 HCV抗体试剂的性能基本一致,不同方法各有优缺点,建议应用多种检测方法对弱阳性样本进行确认检测。     

丙型肝炎病毒诊断参考品的研究进展

体外诊断试剂的参考品是由逐一反复论证的一套样品所组成,用于全面控制试剂质量,它对于试剂应达到的各种指标提出了全面要求。目前国际上常用的丙型肝炎诊断试剂参考品为抗HCV抗体血清参考品和核酸检测参考品,我们简要综述了丙型肝炎病毒诊断试剂参考品的研制及发展。     

应用基因重组抗原诊断丙型肝炎研究

丙型肝炎病毒(Hepatis C virus,HCV)感染者的血液中病毒含量极低,还没有适当的方法可以直接检测病毒.现在常用免疫学方法测定特异性抗体[1]或利用PCR技术检测病毒核酸.由于HCV基因组变异高达33%,PCR检测易发生假阳性和假阴性.同时由于丙肝抗原高度的变异性[2],虽然目前ELISA方法应用广泛,但是单一的诊断抗原已不能满足临床要求,需要多价抗原联合应用作为诊断试剂.     

重组人类T淋巴细胞白血病病毒抗原及双抗原夹心法ELISA抗体诊断试剂盒的研制

为研制灵敏、特异的抗人类T淋巴细胞白血病病毒(HTLV)抗体诊断试剂,将一段HTLV-Ⅰ和HTLV-Ⅱenv区嵌合基因在大肠杆菌中表达,获得的重组抗原具有良好活性.将该抗原作为酶标记抗原建立双抗原夹心法ELISA(dsELISA),对31份HTLV-Ⅰ型血清和19份HTLV-Ⅱ型血清均能100%检出,而在5 065份各种阴性血清中特异度为99.94%.用dsELISA试剂与进口间接法试剂(GeneLabs试剂)平行检测18份HTLV-Ⅰ参比血清、17份HTLV-Ⅱ参比血清和1 024份献血员血清,结果dsELISA试剂正确率为100%,对HTLV-Ⅰ型血清和HTLV-Ⅱ型血清的反应性基本相同,平均s/co值显著高于GeneLabs试剂.而GeneLabs试剂对HTLV-Ⅱ型血清的反应性显著弱于Ⅰ型,并有2份BBI参比血清中的Ⅱ型血清漏检.另外,GeneLabs试剂在献血员血清中出现9例假阳性,特异性显著低于dsELISA试剂.这些结果表明:所研制的dsELISA试剂可用于HTLV-Ⅰ型和Ⅱ型血清的检测,其灵敏度和特异度均优于进口间接法诊断试剂.     

利用合成肽进行丙型肝炎病毒（HCV）的线性抗原表位分析

首先利用固相多肽合成技术对ＨＣＶ多蛋白中可能含有优势抗原表位的１４个肽段进行了化学合成,并用合成肽作包被抗原进行间接ＥＬＬＳＡ试验来分析它们的抗原性,结果表明,所有合成肽中除ＮＳ３区的Ｐ７、Ｐ８和ＮＳ５区的Ｐ１３无抗原性外,其余肽段均具有抗原活性,其中Ｃ区的Ｐ１,ＮＳ４区和Ｐ９和ＮＳ５区的Ｐ１２三个肽段的抗原性较好,与相应的重组蛋白Ｃ２２,Ｃ１００和ＮＳ５Ａ比较,它们之间的抗原性比较接近,随后选择抗原性较好的几个肽段合成了含八分支的多抗原肽（ＭＡＰ）ＭＰ１、ＭＰ２、ＭＰ３、ＭＰ１０和嵌合多肽ＣＰ１５等工程肽抗原,前者不仅保持了相应单体肽的抗原性,而且与抗体反应的敏感性有显著提高;后者含双表位改善了常规合成肽抗原表位单一的缺陷,为研究ＨＣＶ工程肽抗原进行了有益的尝试。     

应用细菌鞭毛递呈的随机肽库研究丙型肝炎病毒核心蛋白B细胞抗原表位

设计了利用大扬杆菌鞭毛蛋白递呈的随机十二肽库研究ＨＣＶ核心蛋白Ｂ细胞抗原位的实验程序：１利用大肠杆有达质粒ｐＱＥ－３０有达并纯化ＨＣＶ核心蛋白Ｐ１９;２利用Ｐ１９蛋白亲和层析纯化ＨＣＶ感染者血清的抗ＨＣＶ核心蛋白多克隆抗体;     

Molecular cloning of HCV and clinical application

Abstract: Fifty-five clones encoding epitopes of HCV were isolated from Japanese patients. Their amino acid homology (AAH) to the sequence of prototype (HCV-1) ranged from 47% to 94%. These sequences cover 60% of the HCV genome lacking M/E and NS2 regions suggesting a very low or lacking immunogenecity for these regions. Two test kits for detection of anti-HCV antibody were developed using a combination of a synthetic peptide (AR142) containing the epitope of N14 (QRKTKRSTNRR) having a homology to the core of HCV of | fr | sol 8/11AA and a non-fusion recombinant protein Y19 starting from amino acid number (AAN) 1380 to 1507 in the NS3 region showing a AAH to the HCV-1 of 90%, and a combination of a mixture of three synthetic peptides of S29 AAN of 1–30, 38–65 and 47–74 of the core and a non-fused recombinant protein S4 AAN of 1287–1506 having a 93% AAH of the NS3 region. They showed almost the same order of sensitivity and specificity of the second-generation kits when tested with serum from blood donors and patients with non-A, non-B hepatitis. It should also be stressed that in all of the complete responders of a recombinant α-interferon therapy, the antibody levels against AR142 gradually decreased during and after the treatment. In 1992, studies performed for 125 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma in our clinic shows that of these 16 patients might developed from either chronic non-B, non-C liver diseases or chronic liver diseases caused by mutant(s) of HCV as their serum were negative for HBsAg and second-generation of anti-HCV.     

Linear epitopes of the replication-activator protein of Epstein-Barr virus recognised by specific serum IgG in nasopharyngeal carcinoma

The linear antigenic epitopes of the Epstein-Barr virus replication activator protein (ZEBRA), recognised by specific serum IgG in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), were determined. This was achieved by synthesizing the entire amino acid sequence of ZEBRA as a set of 29, 22-residue peptides with an overlap of 14 amino acids. The ZEBRA peptides were tested in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for IgG binding in sera from 37 selected NPC patients who had IgG antibodies to the native ZEBRA protein. The most immunogenic epitope was peptide 1 at the amino-terminal end with 36 of the sera reactive against it. Further analysis of peptide 1, using the multipin peptide-scanning technique, defined a 10-amino-acid sequence FTPDPYQVPF, which was strongly bound by IgG. Two other regions of ZEBRA were also identified as immunodominant IgG epitopes, namely peptide 11 (amino acids 82–103) and peptide 19/20 (amino acids 146–175) with 8–13 of the NPC sera reactive against the peptides. The number of peptides reactive with individual NPC serum varies from 1 to 6 or more and there is some correlation between a greater number of peptide (at least 4) bound and a higher (at least 1:40) titre of serum IgA to viral capsid antigen. The immunodominant ZEBRA peptide 1 could be utilised in IgG ELISA for the detection of NPC.     

Phage display selection on whole cells yields a small peptide specific for HCV receptor human CD81

The human CD81 (hCD81), the most recently proposed receptor of hepatitis C virus (HCV), can especifically bind to HCV envelope glycoprotein2 (E2). In this study, hCD81-expressing murine NIH/3T3 cells were used to select hCD81-binding peptides from a phage displayed nonapeptide library (PVⅢ9aaCys). Eighteen of the 75 clones selected from the library showed specific binding to the hCD81-expressing NIH/3T3 cells by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and competitive inhibition test. Twelve out of the 18 clones shared the amino acid motif SPQYWTGPA. Sequence comparison of the motif showed no amino acid homology with the native HCV E2. The motif-containing phages could competitively inhibit the ability of HCV E2 binding to native hCD81-expressing MOLT-4 cells, and induce HCV E2 specific immune response in vivo. These results suggest that the selected motif SPQYWTGPA should be a mimotope of HCV E2 to bind to hCD81 molecules. Our findings cast new light on developing HCV receptor antagonists.     

新型HCV EIA诊断试剂盒的研制

丙型肝炎病毒（ＨＣＶ）基因组结构区核壳蛋白（Ｃ）区抗原、膜蛋白Ｅ１和Ｅ２区抗原,以及非结构区ＮＳ３－ＮＳ５区抗原的区段,已经在原核细胞中获得有效的表达。同时,相应区段中的优势抗原表位肽也经化学合成法大规模地制备。ＨＣＶ基因组上各区段抗原性的分析发现,由Ｃ区和ＮＳ３区分别编码的Ｃ抗原和Ｃ３３ｃ抗原是ＨＣＶ基因组上两个优势抗原区段。其相应的抗体出现早（感染后６周可检出抗Ｃ３３ｃ抗体）,阳转率高（约９９％阳性检出率）,特异性和重复性均优于其它区段抗原。以中国人ＨＣＶ的Ｃ３３ｃ重组蛋白和分支状合成肽ＭＡＰ－Ｃ－１９为复合抗原,研制了适合我国抗ＨＣＶ抗体检测的新型丙型肝炎病毒酶免疫测定（ＨＣＶＥＬＡ）诊断试剂盒。它同当代美国Ａｂｂｏｔｔ／ＵＢＩＨＣＶＥＬＡ诊断试剂的符合率约９８％,同加拿大ＹＥＳ公司ＨＣＶＥＩＡ诊断试剂的符合率约９７．８％,阳性检出率提高了约２％,３次重复性达１００％,表明其特异性、敏感性和重复性均达到了当代第二代ＪＣＶＥＬＡ诊断试剂的水平。我国人群中抗ＨＣＶ抗体的分布情况为：正常人群的检出率１％－２％;外科类住院病人检出率约２８．８％;肝炎患者抗ＨＣＶ阳性率为３４．４％,慢活肝、肝硬化和重症肝炎患者     

Identification of hepatitis C virus (HCV) 2a-derived epitope peptides having the capacity to induce cytotoxic T lymphocytes in human leukocyte antigen-A24+ and HCV2a-infected patients

Since virus-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) play a critical role in preventing the spread of hepatitis C virus (HCV), vaccine-based HCV-specific CTL induction could be a promising strategy to treat HCV-infected patients. In this study, we tried to identify HCV2a-derived epitopes, which can induce human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-A24-restricted and peptide-specific CTLs. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells of HCV2a-infected patients or healthy donors were stimulated in vitro with HCV2a-derived peptides, which were prepared based on the HLA-A24 binding motif. As a result, three peptides (HCV2a 576-584, HCV2a 627-635, and HCV2a 1085-1094) efficiently induced peptide-specific CTLs from HLA-A24(+) HCV2a-infected patients as well as healthy donors. The cytotoxicity was exhibited by peptide-specific CD8(+) T cells in an HLA-A24-restricted manner. In addition, the HCV2a 627-635 peptide was frequently recognized by immunoglobulin G of HCV2a-infected patients. These results indicate that the identified three HCV2a peptides might be applicable to peptide-based immunotherapy for HLA-A24(+) HCV2a-infected patients.     

Syntheses of four peptides from the immunodominant region of hepatitis C viral pathogens using PS-TTEGDA support for the investigation of HCV infection in human blood.

Four peptides were designed and synthesized on a highly solvating copolymer of tetraethyleneglycol diacrylate cross-linked polystyrene (PS-TTEGDA) support with very high purity and yield. The polymer was synthesized in various cross-linking densities (1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 10%) using radical aqueous suspension polymerization. Four per cent PS-TTEGDA resin showed rigidity and mechanical characteristics comparable with those of divinylbenzene cross-linked polystyrene (PS-DVB) support. Swelling and solvation characteristics of PS-TTEGDA were much higher than PS-DVB support in all solvents used in solid-phase peptide synthesis. Forty-eight hour treatment of the support with neat trifluoroacetic acid did not show any change in its infrared spectra. PS-TTEGDA could be functionalized with chloromethyl, aminomethyl and hydroxymethyl functional groups under various controlled conditions. Synthetic utility of the support was demonstrated by the synthesis of four peptides selected from the envelope and nonstructural protein region of the prototype hepatitis C virus (HCV). These peptides were later used successfully to develop a peptide-based immunoassay (PBEIA) for the detection of HCV immunity. Peptides designed from the NS1 and NS4 protein regions were found to be very promising for the development of a new diagnostic kit to detect HCV infection in human blood. Peptide purity was tested by RP-FPLC and the peptide identity was confirmed by amino acid analysis.     

抗丙肝病毒核心抗原单克隆抗体的研制与初步鉴定

用基因工程重组技术获得的丙肝病毒（ＨＣＶ）核心蛋白抗原与鼠血清白蛋白交联后免疫Ｂａｌｂ／ｃ小鼠,用杂交瘤技术成功地建立了４株稳定分泌抗核心抗原单克隆抗体的杂交瘤细胞,试验结果表明,该４株ＭｃＡｂｓ与免疫抗原及核心区Ｃ３３肽、ＣＰ９、ＣＰ１０抗原有较强的抗原－抗体反应,与ＨＣＶ ＮＳ３、ＮＳ４、ＮＳ５无反应,在竞争ＥＬＩＳＡ中,对ＨＣＶ－ＩｇＧ阳性血清有较好的抑制作用。４株ＭｃＡｂｓ中３株为ＩｇＧ２