丙型肝炎病毒基因组C区和NS3区基因cDNA的融合及其在大肠杆菌中的表达与初步应用

通过逆转录（ＲＴ）－聚合酶链式反应（ＰＣＲ）,从中国人丙型肝炎病毒（ＨＣＶ）携带者的血清中扩增并克隆到２段ｃＤＮＡ片段,即ＨＣＶ基因组Ｃ区抗原基因Ｃ８３１ｃＤＮＡ片断（约５３０ｂｐ）和ＮＳ３区抗原基因Ｃ３３ｃｃＤＮＡ片段（约８６０ｂｐ）。Ｃ３３ｃｃＤＮＡ片段同Ｃ８３１ｃＤＮＡ片段经连接　　　肽Ｓｅｒ－Ｐｒｏ－Ｇｌｙ－Ｓｅｒ连接成为基因嵌合体Ｃ３３ｃ－Ｃ８３１（约１４００ｂｐ）。Ｃ３３ｃ－Ｃ８３１基因嵌合体同温控型原核表达载体ｐＢＶ２２０重组,构建成表达质粒ｐＢＶ／Ｃ３３ｃ－Ｃ８３１,并在大肠杆菌细胞中获得了重组嵌合抗原Ｃ３３ｃ－ＣＬ的表达。通过酶切分析和Ｗｅｓｔｅｒｎ免疫印迹法,对约占菌体可溶性蛋白９％的表达产物做了鉴定。采用ＴｒｉｔｏｎＸ－１００和盐析处理,获得粗提表达产物。粗提的表达产物经尿素裂解和离子交换层析纯化,得到可用于检测抗ＨＣＶ核壳蛋白和抗ＮＳ３区抗体的重组嵌合抗原Ｃ３３ｃ－ＣＬ。对Ｃ３３ｃ－ＣＬ做抗原性分析发现,它同时具有完整的Ｃ３３ｃ抗原和Ｃ２２抗原的免疫反应活性,完全能替代单纯的Ｃ３３ｃ和Ｃ２２抗原。该嵌合抗原在血清学诊断中有重要的应用价值,可望成为新一代ＨＣＶＥＩＡ诊断试剂的优选抗原。     

丙型肝炎病毒核酸疫苗的免疫效果观察

将丙型肝炎病毒Ｃ＋Ｅ１区基因克隆到不同的真核细胞表达载体ｐＣＤＮＡ３．１（＋）和ｐＳＶＬ中,通过肌肉注射和皮下注射免疫ＢＡＬＢ／Ｃ及Ｆ１小鼠后,产生了抗ＨＣＶ／Ｃ区抗体。其中核酸疫苗ｐｃＤＮＡ３．１－ＨＣＶ／Ｃ＋Ｅ１的免疫高峰的出现早于ｐＳＶＬ－ＨＣＶ／Ｃ＋Ｅ１,Ｆ１小鼠的抗体应答强于ＢＡＬＢ／小鼠。肌肉注射优于皮下注射。     

丙型肝炎病毒核心蛋白基因在大肠杆菌内的表达及应用

将从中国丙肝病人血清中扩增克隆的丙型肝炎病毒核心蛋白基因（４０８ｂｐ）酶切处理后插入表达载体ｐＪＬＡ５０２内,获得高表达核心蛋白的重组工程菌。将重组菌经４２℃热诱导５ｈ,ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ分析表明,表达的核心蛋白占菌体蛋白总量的２０％。经分子筛和吸附层析纯化后获得的核心蛋白,ＥＬＩＳＡ检测证实有较好的抗原性和特异性。用表达的核心抗原加用表达的ＮＳ＿３抗原（Ｃ＿３３）装配的抗－ＨＣＶ试剂盒,经用标准血清验证及与国外第二代抗－ＨＣＶ试剂盒比较,证实符合丙肝诊断试剂要求。     

丙肝病毒融合抗原基因NS3-C定点整合入衣藻叶绿体基因组的研究

用ＰＣＲ 方法从丙型肝炎病毒（ＨＣＶ） ｃＤＮＡ 文库中克隆了两段ＤＮＡ 片段,即ＨＣＶ 基因组非结构ＮＳ３区抗原基因（约０．７ ｋｂ）和核心抗原Ｃ区抗原基因（约０．６ ｋｂ）的ｃＤＮＡ 片段。在两段ｃＤＮＡ 间加入连接肽Ｓｅｒ－ Ｐｒｏ－ Ｇｌｙ－ Ｓｅｒ 的密码子序列,构建成融合抗原基因ＮＳ３－ Ｃ。将该融合基因与衣藻叶绿体基因ａｔｐＡ 的启动子和ｒｂｃＬ 基因的３′末端连接,得到丙肝病毒融合抗原基因ＮＳ３－ Ｃ表达盒,再将该表达盒与选择标记基因ａａｄＡ 表达盒和衣藻叶绿体基因组同源片段连接,构建成衣藻叶绿体转化载体ｐＳＳ６。基因枪法转化衣藻叶绿体,经壮观霉素筛选获得转化再生的单藻落,对转基因衣藻的ＰＣＲ 和Ｓｏｕｔｈｅｒｎ 杂交分析表明,融合抗原基因ＮＳ３－ Ｃ已整合到衣藻叶绿体基因组中。     

人原发性肝细胞肝癌中丙型肝炎病毒C_（33c）抗原及HBxAg的分布及意义

作者应用抗ＨＣＶＮＳ３区Ｃ３３ｃ抗原２Ｂ６株单克隆抗体和抗ＨＢｘＡｇ多克隆抗体,采用ＡＢＣ法对１０２例人原发性肝细胞肝癌（ＰＨＣ）组织进行了ＨＣＶ及ＨＢＶ抗原定位研究。ＨＣＶＣ３。抗原及ＨＢｘＡｇ在ＰＨＣ中的阳性检出率分别是８１．４％及７４．５％,Ｃ３３ｃ抗原或ＨＢｘＡｇ阳性占所检病例９４．１％,相同病例二者同时阳性为６１．８％。１０２例ＰＨＣ中５０例有癌旁肝组织,其Ｃ３３ｃ抗原和ＨＢｘＡｇ的阳性检出率分别是６２％和９２％。ＨＣＶＣ３３ｃ抗原定位于肝癌细胞的胞浆内,胞核未见阳性信号。Ｃ３３ｃ抗原阳性细胞在ＰＨＣ中呈散在、局灶分布为主,在癌旁肝组织呈弥漫分布为主。本文结果提示ＨＣＶ感染在ＰＨＣ的发生中可能起重要作用。     

抗丙肝病毒核心抗原单克隆抗体的研制与初步鉴定

用基因工程重组技术获得的丙肝病毒（ＨＣＶ）核心蛋白抗原与鼠血清白蛋白交联后免疫Ｂａｌｂ／ｃ小鼠,用杂交瘤技术成功地建立了４株稳定分泌抗核心抗原单克隆抗体的杂交瘤细胞,试验结果表明,该４株ＭｃＡｂｓ与免疫抗原及核心区Ｃ３３肽、ＣＰ９、ＣＰ１０抗原有较强的抗原－抗体反应,与ＨＣＶ ＮＳ３、ＮＳ４、ＮＳ５无反应,在竞争ＥＬＩＳＡ中,对ＨＣＶ－ＩｇＧ阳性血清有较好的抑制作用。４株ＭｃＡｂｓ中３株为ＩｇＧ２     

PCR与ELISA检测丙型肝炎病毒的比较

ＰＣＲ与ＥＬＩＳＡ检测丙型肝炎病毒的比较李京培王明丽史百芬陆应玉（安徽医科大学２３００３２）丙型肝炎病毒（ＨＣＶ）感染后,患者血清中可以检测其特异的核酸序列ＨＣＶ－ＲＮＡ和抗－ＨＣＶ等。目前国内临床大多数ＨＣＶ的实验室诊断主要依靠抗ＨＣＶ－ＩｇＧ检查,但急性期抗体检出率仅能达到６０％（３７．６～８２．８％）,部分病例可呈阴性反应［１］。说明用ＥＬＩＳＡ检测ＨＣＶ有相当部分漏检,不能发现早期患...     

用人工合成的丁型肝炎病毒抗原多肽检测丁肝病毒IgM抗全及其初步应用

用人工合成的丁型肝炎病毒抗原（ＨＤＶ－Ａｇ）肽建立了检测抗ＨＤＶ－ＩｇＭ抗体的ＥＬＩＳＡ方法。本法操作简便、快速、重复性好、特异性强,与抗ＨＡＶ－ＩｇＭ＇抗ＨＢｃ－ＩｇＭ、抗ＨＢｓ－ＩｇＭ、抗ＨＣＶ－ＩｇＭ、抗ＣＭＶ－ＩｇＭ、抗ＲＶ－ＩｇＭ、类风湿因子（ＲＦ）及抗核抗体（ＡＮＡ）阳性血清均不起反应,且可被２－巯基乙醇阻断而不起反应。经初步临床应用,３１例正常人血清抗ＨＤＶ－ＩｇＭ全部阴性,２８例慢     

人原发性肝内胆管细胞癌中HCV RNA及其NS3区抗原的分布及意义

应用原位分子杂交及免疫组分方法,使用地高辛标记ＨＣＶ５’非编码区探针及抗ＨＣＶ ＮＳ３区Ｃ３３ｃ单克隆抗体,对３５例人原发性肝内胆管细胞癌（ＰＩＣ）和癌旁肝组织的ＨＣＶ ＲＮＡ及其ＮＳ３抗原进行检测结果发现ＨＣＶ ＲＮＡ在ＰＩＣ中的阳性率为８３％,ＨＣＶ ＲＮＡ定位于癌细胞浆中,个别病例并在淋巴细胞、肝窦内皮细胞和枯否氏细胞中发现阳性信号。ＨＣＶ ＮＳ３区Ｃ３３ｃ抗原在ＰＩＣ的阳性率为８９％,阳性     

从中国病人克隆丙型肝炎病毒基因组C区基因及其在大肠杆菌中的表达

本文通过逆转录（ＲＴ）－聚合酶链式反应（ＰＣＲ）,从两份分别来自湖南省娄底地区丙型肝炎病人和河北省秦皇岛市职业献血员丙型肝炎病毒（ＨＣＶ）ＲＮＡ打点杂交阳性的血清中,扩增并克隆到１段５６３ｂｐ的ＨＣＶ基因组Ｃ区抗原基因Ｃ２６９／８３１,并通过ＰＣＲ得到了３个表达片段Ｃ８３１、Ｃ８０１和Ｃ５８７。测定Ｃ２６９／８３１基因的全序列后发现,中国人ＨＣＶ湖南分离株与ＨＣＶ－Ⅰ型株ＨＣＶ－ＵＳ和Ⅱ型株ＨＣＶ－ＢＫ在该基因区段的核苷酸／氨基酸序列的同源性,分别为９０．３％／９４．６％和９５．２％／９４．６％。利用原核高效表达载体ｐＢＶ２２０在大肠杆菌中有效地表达了非融合的Ｃ区抗原基因重组蛋白ＣＬ、ＣＭ和ＣＳ。通过免疫筛选法及Ｗｅｓｔｅｍ印迹法对约占菌体可溶性蛋白１１％的表达产物进行了鉴定。采用ＴｒｉｔｏｎＸ－１００和盐析处理表达产物,再进行离子交换层析纯化,得到可用于检测ＨＣＶ血清抗体的核壳蛋白（Ｃ）抗原。通过不同分子量抗原的表达,发现由Ｃ区Ｎ端８９个氨基酸组成的多肽ＣＳ其抗原性与由１５８或１６８个氨基酸组成的多肽ＣＭ或ＣＬ相同,但抗原的稳定性和表达量显著优于后两种抗原。本研究为研制ＨＣＶ抗体诊断试剂盒奠定了重要基础。     

丙型肝炎病毒核壳蛋白抗原的化学合成及其在血清学诊断中的应用

选取丙型肝炎病毒(HCV)核壳蛋白区两个可能含有优势抗原表位的19和16氨基酸的肽殴(C-19肽和C-16肽),利用固相多肽合成技术进行了化学合成。经用反相高压液相层析(HPLC)及脉冲液相多肽测序技术检定合成肽产品的纯度及序列后,以C-19和C-16肽作为包被抗原组装成检测HCV血清抗体的ELISA诊断试剂。用所组装的合成肽试剂检测中国药品生物制品检定所提供的HCV标准参比血清,并比较利用该试剂和美国Abbott实验室生产的HCV第二代EIA诊断试剂平行检测109份献血员血清的结果,表明C-19肽能够特异、重复、灵敏地检出HCV血清抗体,可以作为我国第一代HCV诊断试剂的合成肽抗原。     

A novel recombinant multiepitope protein as a hepatitis C diagnostic intermediate of high sensitivity and specificity

A novel recombinant multiepitope protein has been designed that consists of six linear, immunodominant, and phylogenetically conserved epitopes from hepatitis C virus. Five of these antigens (core, NS3, NS4I, NS4II, and NS5) are being used in many of the third-generation kits while sixth epitope (core3g) is an additional sequence from a newly identified Indian isolate. The genes for these epitopes have been joined together to code for a single multiepitope protein that has been evaluated for its diagnostic potential for the detection of anti-HCV antibodies in human plasma. Two separate synthetic genes have been designed, both encoding the same six epitopes in a single open reading frame along with spacers having additional amino acids to function as flexible (r-HCV-F-MEP) or rigid (r-HCV-R-MEP) linkers. High-level expression of hepatitis C multiepitope protein in Escherichia coli has been achieved. The protein has been purified using a single affinity step yielding >25 mg pure protein/liter culture and used as the coating antigen in anti-HCV EIA. The use of this multiepitope protein eliminates the requirement for multiple diagnostic intermediates for the development of anti-HCV diagnostic kit. The sensitivity and specificity of the HCV multiepitope protein was evaluated by Boston Biomedica Worldwide Performance Panels, HCV Seroconversion Panels and Viral Co-infection Panels, and was found to be comparable with commercially available anti-HCV EIA kits. This analysis indicated its unequivocal performance as capture antigen in anti-HCV EIA. The high epitope density, careful choice of epitopes and use of E. coli system for expression, coupled with simple purification protocol provides the potential for the development of an inexpensive diagnostic test with high degree of sensitivity and specificity.     

CTB与HCV抗原决定簇融合蛋白的抗原性及其在抗HCV ELISA试剂盒中的应用

系统研究了通过霍乱毒素B亚基与HCV的4个抗原决定簇进行基因融合所表达的12种融合蛋白中HCV抗原决定簇的反应原性,探索了以融合蛋白为抗原,进行抗-HCV检测的途径。结果表明,多数融合蛋白中HCV抗原决定簇均能与对应的HCV抗体结合。以融合蛋白95082为抗原研制的抗-HCV ELISA试剂检测122名献血员血清,结果与美国雅培公司抗-HCV ELISA试剂检测的结果完全一致,经药品生物制品检定所检定,其特异性、灵敏度、精密性及稳定性均达到国家卫生部抗-HCV ELISA试剂的暂行检定标准。     

丙型肝炎病毒核心抗原高效表达及产物抗原性的研究

用含谷胱甘肽转硫酶（ＧＳＴ）基因的ｐＧｅｘ－２Ｔ为表达载体在大肠杆菌中高效表达了含ＨＣＶ核心区部分基因片段（约１２２个氢基酸）的融合蛋白,表达产物Ｃ２７经测定占菌体总蛋白的３０％,Ｃ２７纯化后,用我国ＨＣＶ诊断试剂第二代血清参考品为标准与Ｇ１１核心抗原进行比较,结果显示二者具有相同的总体检出率和近似的抗原活性。因此,推测表达的部分区段基因可能是核心区重要功能区域。另外融合蛋白对提高重组蛋白的抗原活性和分离纯化等均有一定作用。     

A Sensitive Serodiagnosis of Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) Infection with Two Non-Fused Peptides: Comparison of Antibody Responses Detected with a Newly Developed Assay and a Commercial Second-Generation Test

An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed for the detection of anti-HCV antibody. We assayed for antibodies against either oligopeptide (S29-1) deduced from the nucleocapsid gene or the product of nonstructural region (NS3) synthesized in a recombinant Escherichia coli (S4). To reduce false-positive results induced by non-specific binding of antibodies with a carrier protein and to increase the sensitivity of an immunoassay, non-fused S4 peptide was prepared by the recombinant DNA technique and site-specific proteolysis (by factor Xa). In 71 non-A, non-B hepatitis patients with chronic liver disease, 70 (98.5%) were positive by S29-1/S4 ELISA as well as by a second-generation test (Abbott II). On the other hand, of 40 serum samples from blood donors, in which anti-N14 (core) and C100-3 antibodies were not detected but hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA was detectable by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), 24 (60%) were positive by S29-1/S4 ELISA, whereas only 18 (45%) were diagnosed by Abbott II. In addition, based on results in a small group of 92 blood donors, detection of anti-S29-1/S4 antibody correlated well with HCV viremia as confirmed by PCR. These results indicated that the preparation of non-fused protein (S4) by recombinant DNA technique and a combination of S29-1 and S4 as immobilized antigens in an ELISA provide a sensitive and specific diagnosis for HCV infection with good correlation with the presence of viral RNA as confirmed by PCR.     

丙型肝炎病毒基因组C区、NS3区、NS4区基因的融合、表达及初步应用

通过PCR技术从HCV全长基因组中扩增并克隆到Core区、NS4区的部分优势表面抗原肽的基因和C33a基因。再将它们以Core\,CC3c\,NS4的顺序和C33c、NS4的顺序分别拼接融合成融合抗原CCN、CN。片段之间以Gly-Gly-Gly-Gly柔性连接肽连接。经核苷酸序列分析表明,拼接点序列正确。将融合抗原CN、CCN基因分别克隆至T7启动子控制下的表达质粒PET24(a)+,PET22(b)+中,转化至大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)后,经IPTG诱导可高表达分子量约为43kD、58kD的融合抗原,表达产物以包涵体形式存在。表达产物经Ni²⁺IDA亲和柱纯化后,并对融合抗原CN、CCN的抗原性做了初步的鉴定。     

Construction, expression, purification and biotin labeling of a single recombinant multi-epitope antigen for double-antigen sandwich ELISA to detect hepatitis C virus antibody

Based on B cell epitope predictions, a recombinant antigen with multiple epitopes from four Hepatitis C Virus fragments (C, NS3, NS4 and NS5) were engineered. The recombinant gene was then highly expressed in E. coli. The non-modified and C-terminal-modified recombinant proteins were used for coating and biotin labeling, respectively, to establish the double-antigen sandwich ELISA. Ten positive reference samples confirmed by the CHIRON RIBA HCV 3.0 SIA kit were detected positive, Forty one plasma samples were positive among samples from 441 volunteers, which indicated that the recombinant antigen could readily react well with plasma HCV antibody. As critical reagents of double-antigen sandwich ELISA, the recombinant multi-epitope antigen and the C-terminal-modified and biotin-conjugated antigen show good antigenicity. In this study, we provide a simple approach to produce multiple epitopes within one recombinant protein in order to avoid the costly expression of less-effective pools of multiple proteins, which is the conventional strategy of diagnostic antigen production for HCV antibody detection.     

丙型肝炎病毒NS3蛋白的原核表达及多克隆抗体制备

提高对丙型肝炎患者实验室检测的灵敏度和特异性,对相关人群进行筛查和早期诊断,是控制丙型肝炎病毒(HCV)流行与传播的有效措施。为了建立更为可靠的HCV诊断方法,通过采用PCR方法从J6/JFH12a型病毒中克隆出HCV ns3基因片段,将其连接到p ET-28a载体上,重组载体p ET-28a-ns3转化大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)后诱导表达,以10%SDS-PAGE进行鉴定,获得表达的NS3重组蛋白分子量为72 k Da。将纯化的NS3蛋白免疫BALB/c小鼠,第4次免疫后采集血液并分离血清进行抗体活性鉴定,小鼠抗体效价为1∶256 000。进一步的Western blotting和间接免疫荧光结果显示,以重组NS3蛋白免疫小鼠制备的多克隆抗体可以很好地识别HCV感染Huh7.5.1细胞中的NS3蛋白,为下一步开展单克隆抗体制备和检测试剂盒研制工作奠定了基础。     

Sequence Variation in the Gene Encoding the Nonstructural 3 Protein of Hepatitis C Virus: Evidence for Immune Selection

To determine whether the persistent nature of hepatitis C infection is related to the emergence of antigenic variants driven by immune selection, we examined the sequence heterogeneity in a portion of the hepatitis C virus (HCV) nonstructural 3 (NS3) gene of a patient infected over the course of more than 2 years. By PCR amplification, cloning, and sequencing, we observed several variable and conserved regions in the NS3 segment of the HCV genome. All variable regions had higher ratios of nonsynonymous/synonymous mutations and encompassed immunodominant epitopes, and their locations were not essential to maintain the known function of HCV RNA helicase. In contrast, the regions that are critical for HCV RNA helicase activity were found to be conserved with lower heterogeneity or lower ratios of nonsynonymous/synonymous mutations, and none except one of these regions was encoded within immunodominant epitopes. Our results are consistent with immune selection of viral variants at the epitope and molecular levels that may enable HCV to evade host defenses over time. Plotting the relatedness of sequence variants revealed a star topology suggesting that a wild-type HCV sequence is maintained, unlike HIV. Received: 2 November 2000 / Accepted: 1 October 2001     

Induction of primary human T cell responses against hepatitis C virus-derived antigens NS3 or core by autologous dendritic cells expressing hepatitis C virus antigens: potential for vaccine and immunotherapy

Hepatitis C virus (HCV)-specific T cell responses have been suggested to play significant role in viral clearance. Dendritic cells (DCs) are professional APCs that play a major role in priming, initiating, and sustaining strong T cell responses against pathogen-derived Ags. DCs also have inherent capabilities of priming naive T cells against given Ags. Recombinant adenoviral vectors containing HCV-derived Core and NS3 genes were used to endogenously express HCV Core and NS3 proteins in human DCs. These HCV Ags expressing DCs were used to prime and stimulate autologous T cells obtained from uninfected healthy donors. The DCs expressing HCV Core or NS3 Ags were able to stimulate T cells to produce various cytokines and proliferate in HCV Ag-dependent manner. Evidence of both CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cell responses against HCV Core and NS3 generated in vitro were obtained by flow cytometry and Ab blocking experiments. Further, in secondary assays, the T cells primed in vitro exhibited HCV Ag-specific proliferative responses against recombinant protein Ags and also against immunodominant permissive peptide epitopes from HCV Ags. In summary, we demonstrate that the dendritic cells expressing HCV Ags are able to prime the Ag-specific T cells from uninfected healthy individuals in vitro. These studies have implications in designing cellular vaccines, T cell adoptive transfer therapy or vaccine candidates for HCV infection in both prophylactic and therapeutic settings.