水稻种质资源芽期耐冷性的鉴定与评价

对新收集的879份水稻种质资源进行了水稻芽期耐冷性的鉴定与评价,从中筛选出芽期耐冷性极强的水稻种质资源39份,均为贵州地方粳稻品种.供试粳稻品种61.23%具有强芽期耐冷性(3级),而籼稻品种只有13.77%具有强芽期耐冷性(3级 ),粳稻品种的芽期耐冷性显著强于籼稻品种.无论籼稻,还是粳稻,贵州地方稻种的芽期耐冷性显著强于来自其他地区的品种,从贵州地方稻种中挖掘极强耐冷种质资源的潜力较大 .     

水稻SSR标记的遗传多样性研究进展

本文从SSR标记优点和适用于研究水稻遗传多样性入手,综述了SSR标记在水稻核心种质构建与评价、遗传结构、稻种起源演化等方面的研究进展。总结了水稻遗传多样性的地带性特征（云南是中国稻种资源的最大遗传多样性中心和优异种质的富集地;西南稻区粳稻品种遗传多样性最丰富;南方稻区粳稻品种的遗传多样性高于北方粳稻遗传多样性）、遗传多样性与生态地理位置密切相关、目前水稻品种遗传基础狭窄、多样性降低等特征,分析了遗传多样性成因及影响因素,特别指出了育种行为对遗传多样性的影响,并针对当前水稻品种遗传多样性较低的问题提出了对策。     

低速磷胁迫对云南地方稻种核心种质抽穗期的影响

以云南16个地州和5个稻作区为单位,在低速磷胁迫和适速磷两种条件下,对545份云南稻种核心种质的抽穗期研究结果表明:不同稻种抽穗期受低速磷胁迫的影响差异较大,大部分稻种在低速磷胁迫下其抽穗期比适速磷条件下的延迟,但延迟天数明显低于不同稻种基因型差异;不同稻作区、地州的稻种抽穗期差异较大,这主要是与其生长的生态环境长期适应的结果.除了滇西北高寒粳稻区外,其他四个稻作区的核心种质在两种条件下的抽穗期有极显著差异,而各地州的核心种质在低速磷胁迫下的抽穗期存在显著差异的只有5个地州,即昭通、思茅、临沧、保山和西双版纳,其余地州间的差异不明显.     

云南稻种资源核心种质库构建及其利用前景

以6121份云南地方稻种资源为研究对象,开展了云南稻种核心种质的取样策略及技术体系研究,以及云南稻种资源多样性、籼粳6大生态群、地理分布系统及图集、优异种质系统发生规律等研究。初步建立了云南稻种资源核心种质构建体系,筛选出998份初级核心样品,表型上约代表了云南稻种资源98％的多样性,并论述了该体系的利用前景。     

水稻地方品种铁含量的差异评价

以来自我国12个省的113份水稻地方品种为试验材料,分析了不同省份、不同类型、不同品种糙米铁含量的差异.结果表明,113份水稻地方品种的铁含量变异范围为8.1～19.9mg/kg,平均值为11.5mg/kg,变异系数为15.56%.各省份水稻地方品种的平均铁含量大小顺序为吉林>江西>福建>广东>安徽>四川>云南>广西>江苏>湖北>湖南>贵州.粳米的铁含量显著高于籼米;糯米的铁含量显著高于粘米;紫米的铁含量显著高于普通米和红米.福建省的陆种糯和吉林省的红毛稻铁含量较高,分别为19.9mg/kg和16.5mg/kg.今后应重视吉林省地方品种以及粳稻、糯稻和紫稻地方品种的铁含量分析,积极发掘富铁水稻种质,以提供利用于水稻育种研究.     

全球水稻分子育种核心种质资源耐低钾品种的苗期筛选

以全球水稻分子育种计划提供的117份核心种质资源为供试材料,进行苗期水培试验,比较两种不同K 浓度处理下的苗期根茎性状表现.结果表明:两种处理条件下,品种间存在显著差异;以发根数、总根长、苗高、地下部干重、地上部干重等5个性状相对指数的平均值构成品种的综合指数,作为筛选耐低钾品种的评判标准,结合稻苗生长情况,从117份核心种质资源中筛选出9个耐低钾品种和32个较耐低钾品种.     

云南地方稻核心种质氮磷高效性

采用盆栽试验以红壤设置不施磷（有效磷0．02mg·kg^-1）和施磷（有效磷69．76mg·kg^-1）、不施氮（有效氮156．7mg·kg^-1）和施氮（232．18mg·kg^-1）4种处理,以16个形态性状的相对指标用SPSS软件分析了来自云南省16个州548份云南稻核心种质氮磷高效的地带性特征,结果表明：低有效磷胁迫下云南稻核心种质形态性状生态差异磷效应明显高于氮效应;提出了茎蘖数、秆重、生物产量、根重、全株重和穗重共6个相对指标既可作为云南稻核心种质磷高效和氮高效基因型筛选的理想指标,又能反映州市间核心种质氮磷高效的地带性特征。聚类分析显示云南16个州市稻核心种质氮高效和磷高效特性划分为3个地带性区域,并与山脉水系、土壤肥力、生态因子和遗传多样性有关。     

水稻苗期磷高效基因型筛选研究

采用难溶性磷酸盐Ca3 (PO4) 2 为唯一磷源 ,在pH值为 5 .5条件下产生相对高浓度低磷胁迫及以NaH2 PO4为磷源配制P浓度为 0 .5mg·L-1的相对低浓度低磷胁迫的两个水培环境 ,分别对不同基因型水稻的磷效率进行评价 .以相对分蘖干重 (RTW )、相对总生物量 (RPW )、相对分蘖数 (RTN)、相对根系干重(RRW )、相对地上部干重 (RSW )、相对叶龄 (RLA)和相对株高 (RPH)作为耐性指标进行相关分析 .结果表明 ,供试材料的磷效率存在极显著差异 ,若以能产生分蘖的相对高浓度低磷胁迫进行筛选时 ,相对分蘖干重、相对地上部干重、相对总生物量可作为较好的筛选指标 ,其中相对分蘖干重不仅与其它指标间的相关性强 ,且品种间差异和变异系数均较大 ,能准确、灵敏地反映不同基因型间的耐低磷胁迫能力 ;若采用相对低浓度的低磷胁迫对不同基因型水稻进行耐低磷种质筛选时 ,筛选指标则不同 ,最好的单一筛选指标应是相对地上部干重或相对总生物量 .     

耐低磷水稻基因型筛选指标的研究

采用溶液培养试验,并结合大田试验,研究和探讨了耐低磷水稻基因型的筛选指标.结果表明,溶液培养试验中,在正常供磷和低磷胁迫条件下,在所有调查性状中水稻单株干重都具有较大的基因型间变异(CV分别为21.73%和19.54%).在所有调查性状的相对值中,相对单株干重(低磷胁迫/正常供磷)也具有较大的基因型间变异(CV为19.60%);相关分析表明,相对单株干重与相对根干重、相对株高、相对单株吸磷量、相对地上部磷积累、相对磷利用效率和相对植株磷浓度均呈极显著正相关(P＜0.01).因此,水稻相对单株干重可以作为苗期筛选水稻耐低磷基因型的一个筛选指标.溶液培养试验中水稻的相对单株干重和大田试验中水稻的相对稻谷产量(不施磷/施磷)没有显著相关性,因此溶液培养试验的相对单株干重不能作为评价大田试验中水稻耐低磷能力的指标.低磷营养液培养的水稻体内磷利用效率与缺磷土壤生长的水稻体内磷利用效率呈极显著正相关.因此,直接以低磷营养液培养水稻苗期体内磷利用效率作为筛选指标,然后进行大田试验验证,是一条筛选水稻磷高效利用基因型的有效途径.     

粳稻种质资源苗期耐盐性综合评价与筛选

为鉴定和评价粳稻种质资源苗期耐盐性,利用125 mmol/L NaCl盐胁迫对165份粳稻种质资源进行处理,测定耐盐级别、叶片伤害百分率、苗高、根长、SPAD、地上部鲜重、根鲜重、地上部干重和根干重,计算地上部含水量和除耐盐级别、叶片伤害百分率之外各性状的相对指标。结果表明:耐盐级别与相对苗高、相对SPAD、相对地上部鲜重、相对根鲜重、相对地上部干重、相对根干重、相对植株干重和地上部含水量均呈极显著正相关,与叶片伤害百分率和相对根冠比呈极显著负相关。通过主成分分析将12个评价指标转换为5个主成分,累计贡献率为86.473%,应用隶属函数和权重,获得了客观评价粳稻种质资源苗期耐盐性的综合评价值D。筛选到Bertone、长白26、伊粳12号、宁资629和小琥板稻5个苗期综合耐盐性强的种质。通过聚类分析将165份粳稻种质资源划分为4类,第Ⅰ类群主要由盐敏感种质构成,第Ⅱ类群主要由弱耐盐种质构成,第Ⅲ类群仅包含1份盐敏感种质,为苏选2,第Ⅳ类群是以弱耐盐和耐盐种质为主的混合类群。结合主成分和逐步回归分析,确定耐盐级别、相对根长、相对地上部干重、相对根干重和地上部含水量5个指标可作为粳稻种质资源苗期耐盐性鉴定的重要指标,本研究结果可为耐盐水稻资源筛选及鉴定提供理论依据。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.