粗毛栓菌诱变菌株SAH-12漆酶基因的克隆与序列分析

粗毛栓菌Trametes gallica诱变菌株SAH-12是通过紫外诱变选育得到的漆酶高产菌株。为了对其漆酶基因进行研究和利用,采用cDNA末端快速扩增(Rapid Amplification of cDNA Ends,RACE)技术,从T.gallica诱变菌株SAH-12分离得到漆酶基因全长cDNA Lacc1(GenBank accession No.DQ431716)及其对应的结构基因Lac1(DQ431715)。该基因属于真菌漆酶基因家族,与来自出发菌T.gallica漆酶基因lacA(AY875867)在成熟肽编码区的同源性最高(一致性为98%)。Lacc1全长1891bp,由40bp的5'-UTR、1554bp的完整ORF和297bp的3'-UTR构成,具有polyA加尾信号AATACA和59bp的polyA结构;其完整ORF可编码21个氨基酸残基组成的信号肽和496个氨基酸残基组成的成熟蛋白。在Lacc1基因的推导氨基酸序列中有4个潜在的N-糖基化位点和4个参与二硫键形成的Cys残基,且含有真菌漆酶Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ型铜离子结合区的4个高度保守序列。结构基因Lac1全长2338bp,含10个内含子和11个外显子,各内含子长度在51bp~76bp之间,且其序列均符合5'-gt…ag-3'规则。     

粗毛栓菌诱变菌株SAH-12漆酶基因的克隆与序列分析

粗毛栓菌Trametes gallica诱变菌株SAH-12是通过紫外诱变选育得到的漆酶高产菌株。为了对其漆酶基因进行研究和利用,采用cDNA末端快速扩增(Rapid Amplification of cDNA Ends,RACE)技术,从T.gallica诱变菌株SAH-12分离得到漆酶基因全长cDNA Lacc1(GenBank accession No.DQ431716)及其对应的结构基因Lac1(DQ431715)。该基因属于真菌漆酶基因家族,与来自出发菌T.gallica漆酶基因lacA(AY875867)在成熟肽编码区的同源性最高(一致性为98%)。Lacc1全长1891bp,由40bp的5'-UTR、1554bp的完整ORF和297bp的3'-UTR构成,具有polyA加尾信号AATACA和59bp的polyA结构;其完整ORF可编码21个氨基酸残基组成的信号肽和496个氨基酸残基组成的成熟蛋白。在Lacc1基因的推导氨基酸序列中有4个潜在的N-糖基化位点和4个参与二硫键形成的Cys残基,且含有真菌漆酶Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ型铜离子结合区的4个高度保守序列。结构基因Lac1全长2338bp,含10个内含子和11个外显子,各内含子长度在51bp~76bp之间,且其序列均符合5'-gt…ag-3'规则。     

毛木耳漆酶基因的克隆、序列分析及其鉴定

本文利用PCR和RACE技术首次从毛木耳AP4菌株中获得编码漆酶基因的cDNA及其基因组全长序列,基因组大小为2514 bp.通过比较该漆酶基因的cDNA和基因组DNA的全长序列,发现该基因包含14个外显子和13个内含子.cDNA序列的全长为1972 bp,其包含一个完整的ORE长度为1860 bp,编码619氨基酸,推测的分子量大小为68 kD,等电点pI为5.15.在氨基酸序列的氨基末端存在一个信号肽序列,同时该基因还包括含铜氧化酶的三个功能结构域KOG1263、SufI和pfam00394.氨基酸序列与GenBank中登录的真菌漆酶蛋白序列比对表明:该氨基酸序列与其它真菌漆酶蛋白序列有较高的同源性,氨基酸序列相同性最高达41%,相似性为58%,并且含有真菌漆酶的四个保守的Cu-bind结构域.将获得的漆酶基因lacl与毕赤酵母表达载体pPIC9K连接,构建重组质粒pYH3660,将其转化到毕赤酵母中,经甲醇诱导该基因在第10天产酶高达123 IU/L,并通过Native SDS-PAGE电泳获得预期大小的漆酶蛋白条带.结构分析和功能验证均表明:本研究获得的基因lacl为漆酶基因.     

血红密孔菌(Pycnoporussanguineus)漆酶基因的克隆与序列分析

为克隆血红密孔菌 (Pycnoporussanguineus)漆酶基因 ,根据真菌漆酶氨基酸序列保守区设计了 1对简并引物 .以血红密孔菌基因组DNA为模板 ,PCR扩增出长 12 2 7bp的漆酶基因片段 .以此序列为基础 ,通过 5′及 3′RACE技术克隆出漆酶全长cDNA序列 ,序列长为 190 2bp ,其 5′端和 3′端非编码区长分别为 5 1bp和 2 97bp ,开放阅读框长 15 5 4bp ,编码 5 18个氨基酸的蛋白 .该蛋白具有 4个铜离子结合区域 ,预测其相对分子量为 5 6 313 2 ,等电点为 5 5 9,其氨基酸序列与Pycnoporuscinnabarinus漆酶 (lcc3 2 )的同源性最高 ,为 96 % .以该cDNA编码区的两端序列为引物 ,PCR扩增得到漆酶的长度为 2 15 4bp的全长DNA序列 ,序列中包括 10个内含子序列 ,长为 5 2～ 70bp     

黑曲霉NRRL3135 bgl基因的克隆及序列分析

利用RT-PCR技术从黑曲霉菌株NRRL3135中扩增了β-葡萄糖苷酶(BGL)基因的全长cDNA序列,被命名为bgl3135(GenBank登录号:FN430671)。对该基因编码的BGL进行了同源性分析并预测了其三维构象。试验结果表明,bgl3135的全长cDNA为2598bp,含有一个2583bp的开放阅读框(ORF),编码一个长度为860个氨基酸残基的蛋白质。同源性分析表明,该基因编码的蛋白与来自黑曲霉As3.350和CBS513.88的BGL(GenBank登录号分别为DQ655704和XM_001398779)的相似性最高,其氨基酸序列同源性分别达99%。参照已发表的β-葡萄糖苷酶(BGL)的氨基酸保守序列,判断本研究所克隆的bgl基因属于糖苷水解酶基因家族3的成员。三维结构预测表明,该BGL的立体构象中存在20个α-螺旋和15个β-折叠,对构成和维持酶的底物识别和催化活性位点可能起着重要作用。     

球孢白僵菌Pr1蛋白酶基因cDNA克隆与序列分析

从球孢白僵菌菌株Bb202中克隆了昆虫蛋白酶Pr1的基因。使用特异性引物,分别以基因组DNA和mRNA为模板进行PCR反应,得到了球孢白僵菌的Pr1蛋白酶基因cDNA和结构基因序列。测序结果表明球孢白僵菌Pr1蛋白酶结构基因全长大小为1606bp,含有3个内含子,分别为69、61和68bp。其ORF全长1140bp,预测编码379个氨基酸残基。成熟蛋白理论分子量为38.8kD,理论等电点为8.06。为进一步研究球孢白僵菌Pr1基因,并构建高毒力工程菌株提供了理论基础。     

粗毛栓菌诱变菌株SAH-12漆酶的分离纯化及酶学性质研究

粗毛栓菌Trametes gallica诱变菌株SAH-12是通过紫外诱变选育所得的漆酶高产菌株,Active-PAGE分析表明SAH-12在高氮低碳无机盐培养液(LM3)中至少分泌3种漆酶同工酶(Lac1、Lac2、Lac3)。采用硫酸铵盐析、透析和Sephadex-G75分子筛层析从其培养液中分离纯化得到电泳纯的Lac1,纯化倍数6.54,酶活性回收59.7%。Lac1经SDS-PAGE验证为一条带,其表观分子量为61.5kDa。Lac1为一种糖蛋白,含糖量11.6%,等电点pI4.40,催化氧化底物ABTS的最适反应温度为60℃,最适pH为2.6,Km值为25μmol/L。Lac1在40℃(pH4.0)以下和pH1.5～5.0(28℃)范围内稳定。金属离子Fe2+、Ag+、Hg2+和Cr3+与抑制剂DTT、SDS、EDTA和DMSO对Lac1有抑制作用,其中Fe2+和DTT完全抑制酶活,而Cu2+对酶有明显激活作用,Mn2+、Zn2+对酶活影响不大。Lac1不仅可使一些合成染料明显脱色,而且对苹果汁多酚祛除也有较好效果。40℃用该酶(1U/mL)处理苹果汁5h,其多酚含量可降低40%。     

苦荞谷胱甘肽转移酶(FtGST)基因的克隆与序列分析

采用RACE技术,从苦荞(Fagopyrum tatarium)中克隆得到一个谷胱甘肽转移酶(Glutathione S-transferase protein,FtGST)基因。序列分析表明,FtGST基因全长DNA序列和cDNA序列编码区分别为746 bp和666 bp,DNA序列含有一个长度为80 bp(342-421 bp)的内含子;开放阅读框(ORF)长666 bp,编码221个氨基酸。生物信息学分析表明,FtGST基因推导的蛋白质含有Tau家族典型的底物结合口袋、谷胱甘肽结合位点(G-site)和疏水性底物结合位点(H-site)氨基酸残基,表明FtGST为Tau家族蛋白。     

草鱼胞浆谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶cDNA全长的克隆与分析

谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(glutathione peroxidases,GPXs,EC1.11.19)是生物体内抗氧化防御系统的重要组成部分。本文从草鱼(Ctenopharyngodon idellus)克隆到胞浆谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶基因(GPX1)cDNA全长序列。该序列全长890bp(GenBank accession No.EU828796),包括完全开放阅读框(ORF)576bp、5'非编码区(5'-UTR)17bp和3'-UTR297bp。其ORF编码191个氨基酸残基,包含一个由"UGA"(通常为终止密码子)编码的硒代半胱氨酸(selenocysteine,Sec40)残基,并与另2个残基(Glu75和Trp153)构成酶活性中心。同时,草鱼GPX1cDNA的3'-UTR中具有保守的硒代半胱氨酸插入序列(selenocysteine insertion sequence,SECIS)元件。氨基酸序列相似性比较显示,草鱼GPX1cDNA的推测氨基酸序列(GenBank accession No.ACF39780)与斑马鱼GPX1(GenBank accession No.NP_001007282)的相似性为95.8%,与鳗鲡GPX1(GenBank acces-sion No.ACN78878)的为84.8%,与哺乳类的为59%~72%。采用实时荧光定量PCR(Q-PCR)检测草鱼GPX1的组织表达特征。结果表明,草鱼GPX1的mRNA在所检测的11种组织器官中均有表达,其中在肝、鳃和肾表达水平较高,在红肌、脂肪和肠道中表达水平较低。本研究结果将有助于进一步探讨鱼类GPX1基因的结构与功能,并为研究其抗氧化分子机理奠定基础。     

优雅蝈螽水溶性和类膜结合型海藻糖酶编码cDNA的鉴定及其在体内的表达（英文）

海藻糖酶是一种二糖水解酶,催化海藻糖转换为葡萄糖,为昆虫包括发育、壳多糖合成及飞翔代谢在内的多种生理过程所必需。尽管某些昆虫的海藻糖酶基因已被鉴定,但优雅蝈螽的海藻糖酶编码序列尚未见报告。本研究采用RACE结合多重PCR技术,分离鉴定优雅蝈螽的水溶性海藻糖酶(Gg Tre1)和类膜结合型海藻糖酶(Gg Tre2-like)的全长编码序列(cDNA),包括携带不同长度3'-非翻译区(3'-UTR)的3个Gg Tre1 cDNA亚型(Gen Bank:No.KY400001-KY400003)和3个Gg Tre2-like cDNA亚型(Gen Bank:No.KY400004-KY400006)。3个Gg Tre1 cDNA序列分别为2 107,2 021和1 914bp,具有相同长度的5'-UTR(33 bp),但3'-UTR长度不同,分别为322,248和129 bp。Gg Tre1-2 cDNA含1 740 bp,编码579个氨基酸残基组成的多肽链,分子量为67.29 k D;与之不同,根据cDNA演绎的Gg Tre1-1和Gg Tre1-3序列较Gg Tre1-2多4个氨基酸残基,多肽链的分子量为67.88 k D。3个Gg Tre2-like cDNA(Gg Tre2-like-1,-2和-3)序列全长分别为2 491,2 460和2 381 bp。5'-UTR均为284 bp,3'-UTR分别为398,367和285 bp。Gg Tre2-like cDNA开阅读框为1 809 bp,编码602氨基酸残基组成的多肽链,分子量为67.88 k D。实时定量PCR,分析Gg Tre1和Gg Tre2-like基因在雌、雄个体(各20个)的组织特异性表达。结果显示,Gg Tre1在卵巢和附腺表达量最高;Gg Tre2-like主要在卵巢表达,在雄性肌肉和马氏管的表达量高于其他组织。上述结果表明,本研究从优雅蝈螽分离到3'-UTR长度不同的3个水溶性和3个类膜结合型海藻糖酶cDNA序列。结果还提示,Gg Tre1在各组织的表达差异较大,而Gg Tre2-like在各组织的表达相对稳定。不同长度3'-UTR的Gg Tre1和Gg Tre2-like亚型的存在,以及不同长度的3'-UTR在翻译过程中的特殊作用,尚待今后研究证实。     

六种藓类植物茎的比较解剖学研究

通过对6种藓类植物,即褶叶青藓(Brachythecium salebrosum(Web.et Mohr.)B.S.G.)、湿地匐灯藓(Plagiomnium acutum(Lindb.)Kop.)、侧枝匐灯藓(Plagiomnium maximoviczii(Lindb.)Kop.)、大凤尾藓(Fissidensnobilis Griff.)、大羽藓(Thuidium cymbifolium(Doz.et Molk.)B.S.G.)和大灰藓(Hypnum plumaeforme Wils.)嫩茎和老茎的石蜡切片和显微观察发现,同一藓类植株的嫩茎和老茎,茎结构稳定,不同种藓类植物茎横切面具有不同特征.植物体茎横切面形状、表层细胞的层数、细胞大小和细胞壁厚薄、皮层细胞大小和形状、中轴的有无以及比例等特征可以作为藓类植物的分科分类依据之一.     

Cause of Senescence of Nine Sorts of Flowers

The levels of endogenous phytohormones and respiratory rate in nine sorts of flowers such as Cymbidium faberi Rolfe, Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth and others were investigated both at full bloom and senescence and meanwhile the effect of exogenous phytohormones on prolonging the blossoms and promoting ethylene production were tested. There is a high content of endogenous ethylene in all the long-lived flowere, about 3–16 folds higer than the short-lived ones. There is a high level of ABA at full blooming flowers of short-lived flowers, in which there is no or only some cytokinins in it, but the ratio of CTK (6BA+zeatin)/ABA is smaller(l.7). The endogenous ABA reached a much higher level at senescence in all nine sorts of flowers, so it is reasonable to consider that it is ABA which plays an important role of regulation in controlling flower's senescence. There is a much higher level of GA3 and zeatin in the long-lived flowers which is not demonstrated in the shortlived ones. The respiratory rate is one of the factors controtling the longevity of flowers, but it does not play a decided role. Application of 6BA and zeatin prolongs distinctly orchid’s longevity, however exogenous IAA through the promotive action on ethylene production, evidently extends the longevity of the flowers of the Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth.     

龙胆科药用植物化学成分的研究现状

龙胆科植物在我国的分布范围很广,且多数为药用植物,其多数种属的药用植物,至今其化学成分尚未被系统研究。综述了目前龙胆科药用植物的化学成分的研究现状及一般提取方法,对近年来发现的环烯醚萜及裂环烯醚萜类化合物进行了总结,为本科药用植物的更深入研究提供了参考。     

真菌类遗传学分析的知识结构教学

本文以认知结构理论为指导,讨论了真菌类遗传分析与高等动植物遗传分析的内在联系,认为利用这种内在联系进行教学可收到好的效果并说明了作者的具体教学过程。 Abstract:In the paper, the relationship between genetic analysis of Fungi and genetic analysis of high animal and plant was discussed.A good results were obtained when we adopted this method in the teaching.     

The effects of glutamine of the maintenance of embryogenic cultures of Cryptomeria japonica

Summary Embryogenic tissues of sugi (Cryptomeria japonica) were induced on a modified Campbell and Durzan (CD) medium containing 1 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 600 mg l⁻¹ glutamine, and subcultured in the medium of the same composition for over 1 yr. This resulted in a mixed culture of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells. When embryogenic cells were isolated and cultured independently, their capacity to form embryogenic aggregates was lost. Thus, the non-embryogenic cells present within a mixed culture system were essential to the formation of embryogenic aggregates. When embryogenic tissues were isolated and cultured independently on a high glutamine-containing (2400 mg l⁻¹) medium, dry weights and endogenous levels of glutamine increased, and the tissue could generate a large number of embryogenic aggregates. Amino acid analysis of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells from the maintenance culture indicated a higher level of glutamine was present in the latter. The high endogenous level of glutamine in the non-embryogenic portion of mixed cell masses may be the supplier of glutamine for maintaining the embryogenic property of the tissues.     

Specificity of action of piperidylcholine derivatives as substrates of cholinesterases of various origin

The review deals with study of enzymologic properties of a novel highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate, N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium iodomethylate (“piperidylcholine”), and its 30 derivatives that were tested as effectors of cholinesterases of mammals and various species of Pacific squids. It was proven for the first time that responsible for specificity of action was structure of cyclic ammonium grouping of the alcohol part of molecule of the ester substrate. Analysis of specificity is performed based on enzymatic hydrolysis parameters—activity of catalytic center of cholinesterases and bimolecular constant of the reaction rate that are determined at optimal and low substrate concentrations. Among the specially synthesized group of thioester compounds there is revealed one more highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate—N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium.     

Photoregulation of seed germination of wild-type and of an aurea-mutant of tomato

Seed germination of an aurea mutant of tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is promoted by continuous irradiation with red, far-red or long-wavelength far-red (758 nm) light as well as by cyclic irradiations (5 min red or 5 min far-red/25 min darkness). Far-red light applied immediately after each red does not change the germination behaviour. Seed germination of the isogenic wild-type, cv. UC-105, is promoted by continuous and cyclic red light while it is inhibited by continuous and cyclic far-red light and by continious 758 nm irradiation. Far-red irradiation reverses almost completely the promoting effect of red light. The promoting effect (in the aurea mutant) and the inhibitory effect (in the wild-type) of continuous far-red light do not show photon fluence rate dependency above 20 nmol m⁻² s⁻¹. It is concluded that phytochrome controls tomato seed germination throgh low energy responses in both the wild type and the au mutant. The promoting effect of continuous and cyclic far-red light in the au mutant can be attributed to a greater sensitivity to P_fr.     

医疗机构合理用药评价模型的构建研究

目的 针对医疗机构的合理用药水平进行评价研究。方法 根据医疗机构合理用药的具体要求,构建医疗机构合理用药评价指标体系,采用基于模糊群决策的方法和多指标评价分析法构建医疗机构合理用药评价模型。结果 构建了基于模糊群决策的医疗机构合理用药评价模型,并通过实例分析证明了评价模型的可行性。结论 建立的基于模糊群决策的医疗机构合理用药评价模型能够对医疗机构的合理用药水平进行科学评价,为提高医疗机构合理用药水平奠定基础。