GST-His-Heparinase Ⅰ双标签融合蛋白的原核表达与纯化

以pET15b-HepⅠ为模板,通过PCR技术扩增出上游合有6×His标签的HepⅠ基因序列,克隆至表达载体pGEX-4T-1。测序鉴定后,将重组表达质粒pGEX-His-HepⅠ转入E.coli BL21(DE3)感受态细菌,经IPTG诱导表达。表达产物可溶部分用GSTrap FF和HisTrap HP柱两步亲和纯化,所得产物经SDS-PAGE检测,在66 kDa和43 kDa处显示特异条带,分别与GST-His-HepⅠ和His-HepⅠ融合蛋白预期分子量相符;最终His-HepⅠ融合蛋白的比酶活为86.45 IU/mg,纯度高达99%,与仅一步亲和纯化得到的GST-His-HepⅠ融合蛋白相比,进一步提高了纯化后重组肝素酶的纯度。本研究为制备高纯度的HepⅠ提供了一种方法,对制备高安全性的LMwH和解析HepⅠ晶体结构具有重要意义。     

Rapid Point-of-Care Assay of Enoxaparin Anticoagulant Efficacy in Whole Blood

There is the need for a clinical assay to determine the extent to which a patient''s blood is effectively anticoagulated by the low-molecular-weight-heparin (LMWH), enoxaparin. There are also urgent clinical situations where it would be important if this could be determined rapidly. The present assay is designed to accomplish this. We only assayed human blood samples that were spiked with known concentrations of enoxaparin. The essential feature of the present assay is the quantification of the efficacy of enoxaparin in a patient''s blood sample by degrading it to complete inactivity with heparinase. Two blood samples were drawn into Vacutainer tubes (Becton-Dickenson; Franklin Lakes, NJ) that were spiked with enoxaparin; one sample was digested with heparinase for 5 min at 37 °C, the other sample represented the patient''s baseline anticoagulated status. The percent shortening of clotting time in the heparinase-treated sample, as compared to the baseline state, yielded the anticoagulant contribution of enoxaparin. We used the portable, battery operated Hemochron 801 apparatus for measurements of clotting times (International Technidyne Corp., Edison, NJ). The apparatus has 2 thermostatically controlled (37 °C) assay tube wells. We conducted the assays in two types of assay cartridges that are available from the manufacturer of the instrument. One cartridge was modified to increase its sensitivity. We removed the kaolin from the FTK-ACT cartridge by extensive rinsing with distilled water, leaving only the glass surface of the tube, and perhaps the detection magnet, as activators. We called this our minimally activated assay (MAA). The use of a minimally activated assay has been studied by us and others. ^2-4 The second cartridge that was studied was an activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) assay (A104). This was used as supplied from the manufacturer. The thermostated wells of the instrument were used for both the heparinase digestion and coagulation assays. The assay can be completed within 10 min. The MAA assay showed robust changes in clotting time after heparinase digestion of enoxaparin over a typical clinical concentration range. At 0.2 anti-Xa I.U. of enoxaparin per ml of blood sample, heparinase digestion caused an average decrease of 9.8% (20.4 sec) in clotting time; at 1.0 I.U. per ml of enoxaparin there was a 41.4% decrease (148.8 sec). This report only presents the experimental application of the assay; its value in a clinical setting must still be established.     

重组大肠杆菌生产可溶性MBP融合肝素酶的培养条件优化

为确立肝素酶Ⅰ的高效生产工艺,利用麦芽糖结合蛋白(MBP)与肝素酶Ⅰ融合性能,通过构建相应的表达质粒pMHS,在大肠杆菌方面实现了肝素酶Ⅰ可溶性表达。通过对LB培养基摇瓶培养E.coliTB1(pMHS)的诱导时机、诱导剂用量以及添加葡萄糖、酵母提取物、乙醇、氯霉素和卡那霉素等一系列培养条件的优化,确定了该可溶性肝素酶融合蛋白MBP-hepA的最佳生产条件。     

Combination of affinity chromatography and analytical polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis for rapid measurement of human serum high-density lipoprotein apoproteins

Heparin of an average molecular weight of 13,000 was fractionated on the basis of size into five fractions of different weight-average molecular weight ranging from 8500 to 20,000. The heparin was also degraded using microbial heparinase resulting in products ranging from a disaccharide of molecular weight 500 to an oligosaccharide of molecular weight 3100. These products were also size fractionated. The individual heparin fractions and products were tested for metachromatic activity with Azure A. The metachromatic activity of the heparin fractions was independent of molecular weight, while the metachromatic activity of the products was dependent on molecular weight. Metachromatic activity was found in a fragment as small as a tetrasaccharide. Anticoagulant activity was found in fragments of tetrasaccharide or larger by a Factor Xa clotting assay and in fragments of hexasaccharide or larger by a Factor Xa amidolytic chromogenic assay.     

固定化内切型肝素酶的研究

将提纯的一种内切型肝素酶固定于聚酯载体上 ,固定化效率达 78 8%。酶活力在pH为 7 5左右时表现最高 ,并且在此条件下固定化酶的稳定性最好。最适反应温度为 4 0℃。热稳定性试验表明 ,固定化酶的稳定性较差。固定化酶的使用半衰期比游离酶延长 4 4倍。固定化酶催化肝素底物反应的Km 值约为 95 4 μmol L而游离酶的Km 值约为 71 2 μmol L。固定化酶可以同时作用于肝素和硫酸乙酰肝素 ,而对硫酸软骨素没有催化能力。肝素经降解后 ,产生一定量的非硫酸化或低硫酸化的二糖和不同聚合度的寡糖混合物。     

Neuraminidase production by Bacteroides species

Abstract 128 strains of Bacteroides isolated from clinical specimens were surveyed for their ability to produce neuraminidase. All strains of Bacteroides fragilis and the B. fragilis group were neuraminidase-positive, as were strains of B. oralis and B. bivius . All strains of B. capillosus, B. ruminicola, B. disiens, B. multiacidus and B. uniformis did not produce a detectable neuraminidase. When human erythrocytes were exposed to cell extracts of neuraminidase-producing Bacteroides , and then tested with peanut ( Arachis hypogeae ) lectin, agglutination occurred. It was concluded that the production of neuraminidase by clinical isolates of Bacteroides may be associated with the pathophysiology of severe Bacteroides infections.     

Heparosan Chain Characterization: Sequential Depolymerization of E. Coli K5 Heparosan by a Bacterial Eliminase Heparin Lyase III and a Bacterial Hydrolase Heparanase Bp to Prepare Defined Oligomers

Heparosan is a non-sulfated polysaccharide and potential applications include, chemoenzymatic synthesis of heparin and heparan sulfates. Heparosan is produced using microbial cells (natural producers or engineered cells). The characterization of heparosan isolated from both natural producers and engineered-cells are critical steps towards the potential applications of heparosan. Heparosan is characterized using 1) analysis of intact chain size and polydispersity, and 2) disaccharide composition. The current paper describes a novel method for heparosan chain characterization, using heparin lyase III (Hep-3, an eliminase from Flavobacterium heparinum) and heparanase Bp (Hep-Bp, a hydrolase from Burkholderia pseudomallei). The partial digestion of E. coli K5 heparosan with purified His-tagged Hep-3 results in oligomers of defined sizes. The oligomers (degree of polymerization from 2 to 8, DP2-DP8) are completely digested with purified GST-tagged Hep-Bp and analyzed using gel permeation chromatography. Hep-Bp specifically cleaves the linkage between d -glucuronic acid (GlcA) and N-acetyl-d -glucosamine (GlcNAc) but not the linkage between 4-deoxy-α-L-threo-hex-4-enopyranosyluronic acid (deltaUA) and GlcNAc, and results in the presence of a minor resistant trisaccharide (GlcNAc-GlcA-GlcNAc). This method successfully demonstrated the substrate selectivity of Hep-BP on heparosan oligomers. This analytical tool could be applied towards heparosan chain mapping and analysis of unnatural sugar moieties in the heparosan chain.     

重组肝素酶I热失活动力学模型的建立与应用

对组氨酸标签肝素酶I（His．HepI,Ec4．2．2．7）的热失活机制进行了研究。针对短暂低温处理可以使热失活His．HepI酶活部分恢复及添加二硫苏糖醇（D1Tr）使其热稳定性提高的现象,利用荧光探针法研究了失活过程His．HepI构象变化,证明了该酶构象存在可逆转变行为。为进一步明晰His．HepI的热失活机制,假设该酶热失活的主要途径包括去折叠及形成聚集体,并以此为基础建立模型进行拟合,模型与实验值吻合良好,表明假设的合理性。根据模型计算的活化能为Er=100．217kJ／mol、Eir=7．857kJ／mol和Ed=77．062kJ／mol,此数据从一定程度上解释了冷处理为何能使His．HepI部分恢复活性。进一步研究表明,任何能够抑制这两种途径发生的措施对于提高His．HepI热稳定性都是有效的。     

Mass spectrometric evidence of heparin disaccharides for the catalytic characterization of a novel endolytic heparinase

Heparin like glycosaminoglycans (HLGAGs) are struc-turally complex linear polysaccharides composed of re-peating disaccharide unit of uronic (α-L-iduronic or β-D-glucuronic) acid linked 1→4 to α-D-glucosamine, whichis a highly variable sulfation pattern and ascribes to eachglycosaminoglycan (GAG) chain a unique structuralsignature. This signature dictates specific the GAG-pro-tein interactions underlying critical biological processesrelated to cell and tissue functions [1]. Only in fe…     

High-performance liquid chromatographic separation of heparin-derived oligosaccharides

Heparin has been enzymatically depolymerized with heparinase (heparin lyase (EC 4.2.2.7)) and then separated into di-, tetra-, hexa-, octa-, and decasaccharide mixtures by low-pressure gel-permeation chromatography (GPC). These sized mixtures were resolved by strong anion-exchange (SAX) HPLC into multiple components. The fractions from the SAX-HPLC were collected and characterized for size by GPC-HPLC and sulfate content by ion chromatography. This study provides detailed methodology for the separation of larger and more highly sulfated oligosaccharides than previously reported. It describes the first use of ion chromatography for the accurate determination of the sulfate content of heparin oligosaccharides, a method which can also be applied to heparin and other glycosaminoglycans.