The intersectional hybrid between Weigela hortensis and W. maximowiczii (Caprifoliaceae)

Morphologically intermediate plants between Weigela hortensis (Siebold & Zucc.) K.Koch and W. maximowiczii (S.Moore) Rehder have been found in Miyagi and Yamagata Pref., northern Japan. Quantitative character analyses of flowers, pollen stainability and molecular analyses indicated that the intermediate plants were hybrids of those two species. This is the first record of an intersectional hybrid with W. maximowiczii (sect. Weigelastrum ) as one of the parent species. The morphological differences among hybrid individuals imply the possibility of backcrosses or formation of second or later generations of hybrids, although those may be quite rare because of a low frequency of viable pollen grains. Causes of hybridization between two distantly-related species in Weigela are discussed. © 2002 The Linnean Society of London, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society , 2002, 138 , 369–380.     

Integrated species delimitation and conservation implications of an endangered weevil Pachyrhynchus sonani (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in Green and Orchid Islands of Taiwan

Oceanic islands are productive habitats for generating new species and high endemism, which is primarily due to their geographical isolation, smaller population sizes and local adaptation. However, the short divergence times and subtle morphological or ecological divergence of insular organisms may obscure species identity, so the cryptic endemism on islands may be underestimated. The endangered weevil Pachyrhynchus sonani Kôno (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Entiminae: Pachyrhynchini) is endemic to Green Island and Orchid Island of the Taiwan‐Luzon Archipelago and displays widespread variation in coloration and host range, thus raising questions regarding its species boundaries and degree of cryptic diversity. We tested the species boundaries of P. sonani using an integrated approach that combined morphological (body size and shape, genital shape, coloration and cuticular scale), genetic (four genes and restriction site‐associated DNA sequencing, RAD‐seq) and ecological (host range and distribution) diversity. The results indicated that all the morphological datasets for male P. sonani, except for the colour spectrum, reveal overlapping but statistically significant differences between islands. In contrast, the morphology of the female P. sonani showed minimum divergence between island populations. The populations of P. sonani on the two islands were significantly different in their host ranges, and the genetic clustering and phylogenies of P. sonani established two valid evolutionary species. Integrated species delimitation combining morphological, molecular and ecological characters supported two distinct species of P. sonani from Green Island and Orchid Island. The Green Island population was described as P. jitanasaius sp.n. Chen & Lin, and it is recommended that its threatened conservation status be recognized. Our findings suggest that the inter‐island speciation of endemic organisms inhabiting both islands may be more common than previously thought, and they highlight the possibility that the cryptic diversity of small oceanic islands may still be largely underestimated.     

分泌型磷脂酶PLA2G5的生物学功能及其抑制剂研究进展

分泌型磷脂酶PLA2G5属于磷脂酶A2超家族的一员,在免疫细胞和非免疫细胞中均有表达.研究表明,PLA2G5参与生物学事件的发生发展,在特定的病理条件下具有诱导作用.本文简要阐述了PLA2G5的来源、结构特征、生物学功能和在疾病中的作用,以及现有或潜在的PLA2G5抑制剂,以期探索基于PLA2G5的治疗新靶标.     

厦门地区鸭鹅绦虫生活史研究

本文报告了福建厦门地区寄生于鸭鹅类的膜壳科绦虫计5属9种。实验阐明了5种绦虫的生活史,其中有三种生活史为我国首次报告。厦门地区有5种嵌水甲壳类可作膜壳绦虫的中间宿主。其中短角异剑水蚤(Apocyclops royi)是矛形剑带绦虫和片形皱缘绦虫的审间宿主,不等异介虫(Heterocypris anomala)为新发现的棘盘双睾绦虫的中间宿主,介虫(Cyprinotus sp.)为新发现的美丽膜壳绦虫的中间宿主。     

Evolutionary conservation of the chromosomal configuration and regulation of amylase genes among eight species of the Drosophila melanogaster species subgroup

Nuclear DNA was extracted from each of the eight species comprising the Drosophila melanogaster species subgroup. Southern hybridization of this DNA by using a molecular probe specific for the alpha-amylase coding region showed that the duplicated structure of the amylase locus, first found in D. melanogaster, is conserved among all species of the melanogaster subgroup. Evidence is also presented for the concerted evolution of the duplicated genes within each species. In addition, it is shown that the glucose repression of amylase gene expression, which has been extensively studied in D. melanogaster, is not confined to this species but occurs in all eight members of the species subgroup. Thus, both the duplicated gene structure and the glucose repression of Drosophila amylase gene activity are stable over extended periods of evolutionary time.      

采后预处理控制甜橙褐斑病的效应

采后预处理使甜橙果皮含水量减少,改善理化性状,降低果实对低温的敏感性,从而控制了福斑病的发生,使发病率从61.7～66.0％降至4.7～6.7％。低温贮藏的呼吸强度和内源乙烯的生成也受到明显的抑制,但对果实的主要内含物和质量并无影响。控制褐斑病发生的适宜的预处理,是在10～15℃和85～90％相对湿度下处理7～10d,使果实重耗约2.5～4.0％。     

NO—样松驰因子在大鼠止血带休克中的作用

为探讨NO-样松驰因子(NO-LRF)在休克中的效应及其病理生理意义,本工作在大鼠止血带休克(ToS)模型上发现离体灌流的主动脉环对去甲肾上腺素的反应性降低,组织cGMP含量增加。用NO前体L-精氨酸(L-Arg)或NO合成阻断剂L-NNA,可溶性乌苷酸环化酶抑制剂亚甲蓝灌流,分别增强或减轻ToS动物主动脉的上述变化,而且这些药物的作用不受血管内皮是否存在的影响。实验结果提示非内皮细胞源的NO-LRF是引起ToS动物血管低反应性的因素之一。体内实验表明 L-Arg治疗缓解,而L-NNA恶化ToS病程,提示NO-LRF可能参与机体的适应保护机制。     

高原鼢鼠挖掘取食活动的能量代价及其最佳挖掘取食行为

高原鼢鼠(Myospalax baileyi)是青藏高原典型的地下鼠,它主要挖掘取食杂类草之地下根茎,在挖掘过程中形成取食洞道。本文根据此特点,建立了挖掘取食过程中能量代价(E_(?))与取食道结构参数(土丘间距S、侧道长L、取食道半径b及洞道深度D)之间以及取食获能E_(fg)与S和b之间的两个函数关系。分别以挖掘效率极大和取食效率极大为优化目标,导出同样的结果,即相同的最佳土丘间距S_(opt)。通过实验观测,计算出在矮嵩草(Kobresiahumilis)草甸生境条件下,最佳土丘间距S_(opt)=127.4厘米,与野外实测土丘间距(126.30±47.85厘米)无显著差异(t=0.312,P>0.50),表明高原鼢鼠的挖掘及取食行为符合最佳化原则。     

高翔蜉属一新种：蜉蝣目：扁蜉蝣科

本文记述采自湖南省大庸市高翔蜉属一新种。该种以其阳茎叶外侧面具有一向前弯曲的钩状突起为显著特征,可区别于本属其他种类。