福建栽培大豆品种RAPD标记多样性分析

利用RAPD分子标记技术对福建18份栽培大豆品种遗传多样性进行研究.结果表明,12个引物共扩增出91条带,其中多态条带65条,多态性程度为71.43%.D=0.62时,聚类分析结果可以将供试材料分为3个大类群,即菜用大豆品种、杂交育成品种和地方品种、有半野生血缘的品种各聚成1类,揭示了福建省栽培大豆品种间的亲缘关系,同时还反映出品种间关系与地理起源有一定的相关.     

25-O-乙酰升麻醇-3-0-β-D-木糖苷对HepG2细胞基因表达的影响

研究环菠萝蜜烷三萜化合物25-0-乙酰升麻醇-3-0-β-D-木糖苷对肿瘤细胞HepG2基因表达的影响,探讨其细胞毒作用机制。利用人低密度cDNA microarray研究细胞基因表达的改变,发现9个表达改变基因,6个下调,3个上调。结论表明25—O-乙酰升麻醇-3—0-β-D-木糖苷对HepG2细胞的细胞毒性与MAPK等信号传导途径相关。     

Influences of insecticides on toxicity and cuticular penetration of abamectin in Helicoverpa armigera

Synergistic actions for mixtures of abamectin with other insecticides in some insect pests were evaluated, and the possible synergistic mechanism was studied by the comparison in toxicity and cuticular penetration of abamectin between with and without other insecticides or synergists in Helicoverpa armigera larvae. The results of bioassay showed that horticultural mineral oil (HMO), hexaflumuron, chlorpyrifos, and some other insecticides were synergistic to abamectin with 152.0-420.0 of co-toxicity coefficient(CTC) in some agricultural insect pests. In topical application tests, HMO or piperonyl butoxide (PBO) increased the toxicity of abamectin in larvae of H. armigera, but the mortality was not affected by s,s,s-tributylphorotrithioate (DEF) and triphenylphosphate (TPP). The synergistic action of HMO was obviously higher than PBO, and when treated simultaneously with abamectin, HMO gave a more significant synergism than if treated 2 hours ahead. The highest synergistic effect (SE) was found in the mixture of ‘abamectin HMO (1:206)‘. The mortality did not increase or the toxicity drop, when a synergist or HMO was added into the mixture of ‘abamectin HMO‘ or ‘abamectin synergist‘, respectively. Results from the isotope tracing experiments showed that HMO significantly enhanced the penetration of ^3H-abamectin through the cuticle of H.armigera larvae, which resulted in the synergism of the mixture. The cuticular penetration of ^3H-abamectin was not accumulatively affected by chlorpyrifos, nor by hexaflumuron,though there was an inhibition within 30 seconds or 1 hour after treated by these two chemicals respectively. Results suggested that the synergism of abamectin mixed with hexaflumuron or chlorpyrifos might be related to inhibition of metabolic enzymes or target sites in the larvae.     

颗粒溶素的应用研究进展

颗粒溶素是人类自然杀伤细胞和细胞毒性T淋巴细胞胞质颗粒中的可溶性分子,是一种天然的抗菌肽,具有抗病原微生物、抗肿瘤等多种生物活性.本文就颗粒溶素的溶菌机制,抗微生物、抗肿瘤作用及评估细胞免疫等方面的研究进展及其应用作一综述.     

运用微卫星DNA标记分析我国野生鹌鹑遗传多样性

运用微卫星DNA标记对我国境内分布的两种野生鹌鹁（野生日本鸣鹁、野生普通鹌鹑）和家鹑群体的遗传多样性进行分析。通过计算反映群体变异的多态信息含量（PIC）、固定指数、平均杂合度、基因分化系数等相关指标,结果表明：野生普通鹌鹑群体遗传多样性更为丰富,每个座位平均检测出4．67个等位基因,群体多态信息含量和平均杂合度亦为最高,分别为0．5732和0．6621;家鹁最低,分别为0．5467和0．5933;野生日本鸣鹑介于两者之间;在3个鹌鹑群体中,野生日本鸣鹑与家鹑群体遗传多样性差异程度较小。以标准遗传距离为基础的模糊聚类分析发现：家鹑与野生日本鸣鹑群体模糊等价矩阵系数为0．937,而与野生普通鹌鹑的系数为0．738,这也表明家鹑与野生日本鸣鹁有更近的亲缘关系,进一步从分子水平上证实家鹑起源于野生日本鸣鹁。     

花椰菜ACC氧化酶基因的克隆及其RNAi对内源基因表达的抑制作用

根据亲缘关系较近的几种作物ACC氧化酶氨基酸序列,设计一对简并引物,从花椰菜(Brassica oleracea var．botrytis)基因组中获得长1202bp的候选片段。序列分析表明该基因含有3个外显子(Exon)、2个内含子(Intron),编码区序列长756bp,编码252个氨基酸。同源性分析发现其与青花菜(Brassica oleracea var．Italica)上已发表mRNA序列同源率为99％(GenBank序列号：X81629),推断该基因为花椰菜ACC氧化酶基因,命名为BoACO(GenBank登录号：AY676466)。在此基础上,用BP克隆的方法构建BoACO的RNA干涉(RNAi)载体pHBACO,对花椰菜进行遗传转化,获得卡那霉素抗性转化植株5棵,分子检测证实外源片段成功导入其中3棵花椰菜基因组中。Northern杂交分析显示：转基因植株内源ACO基因转录的mRNA被降解。ACC氧化酶活性分析进一步表明,外源基因的导人大大地降低了ACC氧化酶活性。     

油菜转抗草甘膦、抗虫基因获得双抗植株

以草甘膦为筛选剂,用农杆菌介导法将编码5-烯醇式丙酮酸莽草酸-3-磷酸合成酶（EPSPS）的aroA—M12基因和编码苏云金杆菌毒蛋白的Btslm基因导入到甘蓝型油菜优良品种湘油15号中。在用草甘膦对转化体进行筛选的基础上．对转基因再生植株进行了PCR检测、Southern blot和Western blot分析．结果证明外源基因确已导入到该油菜品种中,而且表达了相应的蛋白。对转基因植株进行抗草甘膦、抗虫性鉴定的结果表明．转基因植株具有抗草甘膦、抗虫的双重特性。研究结果还表明抗草甘膦的aroA—M12基因在植物基因转化中,既可以用作抗除草剂基因,又可以代替常用的抗生素标记,用作植物筛选标记基因。     

棉花优异纤维品质性状的双列杂交分析

利用5个具有不同纤维品质性状的品种(系)配制完全双列杂交组合20个,通过亲本和F1的2年随机区组试验,结果为除纤维整齐度受环境等因素影响较大,其余性状主要受遗传因素控制;在与环境的互作中,纤维强度和长度的互作效应小,麦克隆值的加性和母体效应及伸长率的显性效应与环境的互作较大,均达到了显著水平;遗传主效中,所有的研究性状不存在母体效应,以加性为主;强度与长度加性遗传率高,分别占77．6％和73．2％;麦克隆值的加性效应占45．2％,显性效应所占的比例在纤维性状中最高,为11．5％。纤维品质性状的群体平均优势仅麦克隆值的较高(3．2％),达到了显著水平,其余性状的优势仅为-0．4％-0．7％。纤维品质性状的遗传结果与杂种优势一致。在杂种优势利用时,可以通过双亲平均值的高低来预测F1的纤维品质表现。纤维强度、长度和细度的加性遗传率高,这些性状均可以早代选择。     

《遗传学报》将由Elsevier出版社与科学出版社合作出版

2005年10月20日,中国遗传学会和中国科学院遗传与发育生物学研究所与Elsevier出版社、科学出版社正式签署合作协议,自2006年1月1日起,《遗传学报》改为英文,由Elsevier出版社、科学出版社联合出版。Elsevier出版社负责在全球范围内通过所有电子媒介推广、出版和发行《遗传学报》的网上版本（“电子版”）以及在中华人民共和国以外地区《遗传学报》纸质版的国际发行。《遗传学报》从此迈出了走向国际舞台的重要一步。     

中国人胃癌染色体17q21区域基因遗传不稳定性研究

To investigate microsatellite instability (MSI) and loss of heterozygosity (LOH) of locus D17S396, D17S579 and D17S855, and their effect on the expression of nm23H1 and BRCA1 of gastric cancer, which would provide experimental basis for clinical treatment and prognosis analysis of gastric cancer. DNA was extracted from paraffin-embedded materials. Polymerase chain reaction-single strand conformation polymorphism (PCR-SSCP) was used to analyze MSI and LOH. Expression of nm23H, and BRCA1 was detected by Envision immuno-histochemistry and Leica-Qwin computer imaging techniques. In the forty cases of gastric cancer, the frequency of MSI, LOH and nm23H1 protein were 20.00%, 17.50% and 55.00% respectively at locus D17S396, while at locus D17S579, the frequency of MSI, LOH and BRCA1 protein were 22.50%, 15.00% and 37.50% respectively; at locus D17S855, the frequency of MSI, LOH and BRCA1 of thirty-seven cases were 18.92%, 18.92%, 37.84% respectively. In tumor node metastasis (TNM) staging, at locus D17S396, D17S579 and D17S855, MSI in stages I + II appeared more frequently than that in stages III + IV, while LOH appeared the contrary tendency. In the group of metastasis of gastric cancer, MSI had a less frequency (5.00%) than that with no metastasis (35.00%, P < 0.05) at locus D17S396, but LOH appeared more frequently (30.00%) than that with no metastasis (5.00%, P < 0.05). At locus D17S579, MSI had an increasing tendency with the degree of tumor differentiation (50.00% in high differentiation cases, 20.00% in middle differentiation cases, and 0% in low differentiation cases, P < 0.05). The frequency of nm23H1 and BRCA1 protein in stages TNM I + II was higher than that in stages TNM III + IV; and that in higher differentiation cases was higher than in poor differentiation cases. The frequency of nm23H1 protein in the group of metastasis (30.00%) was less than that with no metastasis significantly (80.00%, P<0.01). The frequency of nm23H1 protein in the group positive to MSI (87.50%) was higher than that in the group negative to MSI (46.88%, P < 0.05). However, nm23H1 protein in group positive to LOH (14.29%) was lower than that in the group negative to LOH (63.64%, P < 0.05). The frequency of BRCA1 protein in the group positive to MSI (66.67%) was more than that in the group negative to MSI (29.03%, P < 0.05). The results of experiments indicate that MSI and LOH may separately control the development of sporadic colon cancer with different pathways. MSI may be an early period molecule marker for sporadic colon cancer, enhanced expression of nm23H1 protein can effectively inhibit colon cancer metastasis and improve prognosis of sporadic colon cancer patients. By comparison, LOH mostly arises in the late period of sporadic colon cancer and endows a high aggressive and poor prognostic phenotype. nm23H1 protein could effectively restrain gastric cancer metastasis and development; and BRCA1 protein could restain tumor from becoming lower differentiation.