超微血流成像术用于肾移植患者术后评估的临床价值分析

目的:探讨超微血流成像术用于肾移植患者术后评估的临床价值。方法:选取我院2019年2月-2019年8月收治的60例肾移植患者的临床资料,根据术后恢复情况分为A、B、C三组,A组(27例,术后肾功能恢复良好)、B组(20例,术后发生过敏肾功能异常病变但治疗后肾功恢复正常)、C组(13例,术后血肌酐水平持续增高肾功能异常者),三组均采用超微血管流成像术检测血管指数,比较不同组患者的血管指数并分析其与血肌酐水平的关系。结果:三组患者的肾移植长径、前后径、左右径、皮质厚度、叶间动脉阻力指数比较无显著差异(P0.05)。C组患者的肾皮质血管指数(23.34±6.03%)明显低于A组(33.23±3.45%)、B组(31.23±4.23%)(P0.05)。肾功能异常患者肾皮质的血管指数较低,且随着血肌酐水平的升高而下降,两者呈显著负相关(r=-0.23,P0.05)。结论:超声微血流成像术用于肾移植患者术后评估可较好地反映肾皮质血供及术后肾功能的变化。     

Development of a Pesticide Exclusion Technique for Assessing the Impact of Biological Control Agents for Chrysanthemoides monilifera

Seven biological control agents have been released on the environmental weed Chrysanthemoides monilifera in Australia and two are widely established on infestations of C. monilifera subsp. rotundata in New South Wales. Five pesticides were screened for their impact on seed production of C. monilifera and two on the survival of the agent Comostolopsis germana, a shoot tip-feeding lepidopteran. The insecticides carbaryl, carbofuran, dimethoate, fluvalinate and the fungicide benomyl had no significant effect on seed production of C. monilifera when applied over a period of four months. Numbers of C. germana larvae were readily suppressed after three months by applications of fluvalinate or a mixture of carbaryl, carbofuran and dimethoate. Shoot growth was not affected by applications of carbaryl, dimethoate and benomyl. It is concluded that exclusion by pesticides of biological control agents is a valid method of measuring the impact of agents on C. monilifera.     

应用人工神经网络评价湖泊的富营养化

应用人工神经网络方法,以化学需氧量、总氮、总磷和透明度作为评价参数,经反复尝试,构建了具有４层结构用于评价湖泊富营养化的误差逆传播网络．其输入层有４个神经元,２个隐含层也各有４个神经元,输出层有１个神经元．以太湖富营养化评价标准作为样本模式提供给网络,按照误差逆传播网络的学习规则对网络进行训练,经过３７６８４次学习后,网络达到预先给定的收敛标准．使网络具备了识别湖泊富营养化程度的功能．应用该网络对我国１７个湖泊的富营养化程度进行评价,操作过程简便易行,评价结果切合实际,展示了这种方法的一系列优点．     

西藏不同生态型区苹果品质评价及其对气象因子的响应

通过对西藏4个不同生态型区‘金冠’苹果果实品质相关指标进行测定,并对果实品质与主要气象因子进行相关性分析及回归分析,以确定西藏‘金冠’苹果栽培主要气象因子评价体系。结果显示,在西藏4个不同生态型区‘金冠’苹果品质差异显著,其中,林芝‘金冠’综合表现较好。在西藏高海拔地区,年均温、7月均温、昼夜温差、≥10℃年均积温、年日照时数、年降水量及海拔是影响‘金冠’果实品质的主要气象因子。其中,海拔2857.9 m、年均气温13.2℃、7月平均气温15.9℃、年均昼夜温差12.7℃、≥10℃年均积温2310.5℃、年均日照时数2532.6 h、年均降水量636.7 mm是‘金冠’苹果形成最佳果实品质的适应气象因子,并且在一定范围内,昼夜温差越大,果实品质越好。本研究建立了西藏‘金冠’苹果栽培主要气象因子评价体系,并提出昼夜温差是影响西藏高海拔地区‘金冠’苹果品质的最主要评价因子。     

蜜柚不同砧穗组合苗期嫁接亲和性评价

为评价蜜柚砧穗的嫁接亲和性,以红绵蜜柚(Citrus grandis‘Hongmianmiyou’)、三红蜜柚(‘Sanhongmiyou’)、红肉蜜柚(‘Hongroumiyou’)、黄金蜜柚(‘Huangjinmiyou’)和琯溪蜜柚(‘Guanximiyou’)作接穗,枳(Poncirus trifoliata)、香橙(Citrus junos)、酸柚(Citrus grandis)作砧木,田间调查15个砧穗组合苗期生长指标,测定嫁接愈合期叶片多酚氧化酶(PPO)和过氧化物酶(POD)活性、可溶性蛋白和可溶性糖含量,采用主成分分析和聚类分析方法对蜜柚砧穗组合嫁接亲和性进行评价。结果表明,以柚作砧木的砧穗组合保存率高、生长势旺盛、抽梢能力强,以枳和香橙作砧木的砧穗组合部分指标存在差异,其中红绵蜜柚和黄金蜜柚以枳作砧木时表现出不亲和现象。不同砧穗组合嫁接愈合时期PPO、POD、可溶性蛋白和可溶性糖变化趋势基本一致。主成分分析结果表明,4个主成分基本反映了15个指标91.33%的数据信息。聚类分析将15个砧穗组合分为4类,与主成分分析结果基本一致。因此,琯溪蜜柚、红肉蜜柚和三红蜜柚嫁接可采用枳和柚作砧木,红绵蜜柚和黄金蜜柚嫁接可采用柚作砧木,红绵蜜柚和黄金蜜柚嫁接不可采用枳作砧木。     

Anatomy-corresponding method of IMRT verification

Background

During a proper execution of dMLC plans, there occurs an undesired but frequent effect of the dose locally accumulated by tissue being significantly different than expected. The conventional dosimetric QA procedures give only a partial picture of the quality of IMRT treatment, because their solely quantitative outcomes usually correspond more to the total area of the detector than the actually irradiated volume.

Aim

The aim of this investigation was to develop a procedure of dynamic plans verification which would be able to visualize the potential anomalies of dose distribution and specify which tissue they exactly refer to.

Materials & methods

The paper presents a method discovered and clinically examined in our department. It is based on a Gamma Evaluation concept and allows accurate localization of deviations between predicted and acquired dose distributions, which were registered by portal as well as film dosimetry. All the calculations were performed on the self-made software GammaEval, the γ-images (2-dimensional distribution of γ-values) and γ-histograms were created as quantitative outcomes of verification.

Results

Over 150 maps of dose distribution have been analyzed and the cross-examination of the gamma images with DRRs was performed.

Conclusions

It seems, that the complex monitoring of treatment would be possible owing to the images obtained as a cross-examination of γ-images and corresponding DRRs.     

COPD association and repeatability of blood biomarkers in the ECLIPSE cohort

Background

There is a need for biomarkers to better characterise individuals with COPD and to aid with the development of therapeutic interventions. A panel of putative blood biomarkers was assessed in a subgroup of the Evaluation of COPD Longitudinally to Identify Surrogate Endpoints (ECLIPSE) cohort.

Methods

Thirty-four blood biomarkers were assessed in 201 subjects with COPD, 37 ex-smoker controls with normal lung function and 37 healthy non-smokers selected from the ECLIPSE cohort. Biomarker repeatability was assessed using baseline and 3-month samples. Intergroup comparisons were made using analysis of variance, repeatability was assessed through Bland-Altman plots, and correlations between biomarkers and clinical characteristics were assessed using Spearman correlation coefficients.

Results

Fifteen biomarkers were significantly different in individuals with COPD when compared to former or non-smoker controls. Some biomarkers, including tumor necrosis factor-α and interferon-γ, were measurable in only a minority of subjects whilst others such as C-reactive protein showed wide variability over the 3-month replication period. Fibrinogen was the most repeatable biomarker and exhibited a weak correlation with 6-minute walk distance, exacerbation rate, BODE index and MRC dyspnoea score in COPD subjects. 33% (66/201) of the COPD subjects reported at least 1 exacerbation over the 3 month study with 18% (36/201) reporting the exacerbation within 30 days of the 3-month visit. CRP, fibrinogen interleukin-6 and surfactant protein-D were significantly elevated in those COPD subjects with exacerbations within 30 days of the 3-month visit compared with those individuals that did not exacerbate or whose exacerbations had resolved.

Conclusions

Only a few of the biomarkers assessed may be useful in diagnosis or management of COPD where the diagnosis is based on airflow obstruction (GOLD). Further analysis of more promising biomarkers may reveal utility in subsets of patients. Fibrinogen in particular has emerged as a potentially useful biomarker from this cohort and requires further investigation.

Trial Registration

SCO104960, clinicaltrials.gov identifier {"type":"clinical-trial","attrs":{"text":"NCT00292552","term_id":"NCT00292552"}}NCT00292552     

实验教学改革条件下医学微生物学实验考核评价体系的构建与实践

配合医学微生物学科实验教学改革的实施,建立以实验全过程管理为基础,以合理评价指标为核心,以科学评价学生综合实验能力为目标的实验考核评价体系。分层次考核学生的基本技能掌握情况、科学的实验思想,及综合性探究性实验的能力。通过调查表及访谈结果可以看出,考核评价体系能够科学地反映学生的实验能力、综合能力,具有传统的实验考核评价体系不可比拟的优越性。     

Traditional versus computer-based dissections inenhancing learning in a tertiary setting: a student perspective

This paper describes a study investigating both the use and usefulness of laboratory dissections and computer-based dissections, in a tertiary, first-year human biology course. In addition student attitudes to dissection were investigated. Data were collected from enrolled students using quantitative and qualitative survey instruments. Students were questioned about their usage and perceptions of the usefulness of there sources provided, and their attitudes towards the use of dissections for learning in human biology.

The real dissection was used as a learning resource by 80% of the student cohort while only 15% used the computer-based dissection material. In addition 5% of students reported that they did not use either the realdissection material or the computer-based dissection. Of those students who did use the computer-based dissection, two thirds of them found it useful for learning both structure and function of body systems. Of those students who used the real dissection, 72% found it useful for learning structure but only 62% found that it helped in learning function. Of the entire cohort surveyed, 90% agreed that biology students should dissect ananimal to help learn about anatomy. These outcomes reinforce the need to offer a variety of learning experiences that target different styles of learning.     

四川及其周边地区野生草莓资源调查、收集与评价

调查了四川及其周边地区(未包括青海省)野生草莓资源种类和地理分布,将收集的野生草莓资源进行迁地保存,并对其农艺性状、抗非生物和生物胁迫能力的变异进行了主成分分析。结果表明,四川及其邻近周边高海拔地区野生草莓主要分布在26°14’～33°22’N、96°57’～108°13’E、海拔823～4531m的垂直空间范围内。黄毛草莓(Fragaria nilgerrensisSchlecht.)、五叶草莓(F.pentaphylla Lozinsk.)、西南草莓(F.moupinensis(Franch.)Card.)和纤细草莓(F.gracilis Lozinsk.)是该区域分布的4个野生草莓种类,其中五叶草莓有红果和白果两个类型。黄毛草莓浆果具有特殊的蜜桃香气。株高、叶柄长度、小叶长度、小叶宽度、茸毛、耐旱性和耐热性是野生草莓遗传性状的主要指标,茸毛数量与抗逆性密切相关。